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동시과제가 운전 수행 능력에 미치는 영향 -차량 통제 및 동작신호 해석을 중심으로-
문경률 ( Kyung Ryoul Mun ),최진승 ( Jin Seung Choi ),강동원 ( Dong Won Kang ),방윤환 ( Yun Hwan Bang ),김한수 ( Han Soo Kim ),이수정 ( Su Jung Lee ),양재웅 ( Jae Woong Yang ),김지혜 ( Ji Hye Kim ),최미현 ( Mi Hyun Choi ),지두환 ( 한국감성과학회 2010 감성과학 Vol.13 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 차량 통제 변인과 동작의 부드러움 변인을 이용하여 동시 과제 수행이 운전 수행 능력에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 제시하는 것이다. 1~2년의 운전 경력을 가진 피험자 20명이 실험에 참여하였다. 피험자는 동작분석을 위해 상지(shoulder, elbow, wrist) 및 하지(knee, ankle, toe)에 9개의 마커를 부착한 후, 운전시뮬레이터를 이용하여 80km/hr로 주행하는 선행 차량과 30m의 간격을 유지하며 직선 주행하도록 하였다. 동시과제는 문자 메시지 보내기와 네비게이션 검색으로 선정하였다. 실험 시간은 2분으로 운전 시작 후 1분은 운전만을, 다음 1분은 운전과 동시과제를 함께 실시하도록 하였고, 각각 운전구간과 동시과제구간으로 정의하였다. 차간거리(Anterior-Posterior Coefficient of Variation, APCV) 및 차선이격거리의 분산계수(Medial-Lateral Coefficient of variation, MLCV)와 저크비용함수(Jerk-cost function, JC)를 이용하여 운전 수행 능력을 평가하였다. APCV는 운전구간에 비해 운전 중 네비게이션 검색 시 222.1% 증가하였다. MLCV는 문자 메시지 전송 과제를 수행할 경우, 318.2%, 네비게이션 검색 과제를 수행할 경우 309.4%가 증가하였다. JC는 운전구간에 비해 동시과제 수행 시, 팔꿈치, 무릎, 발목, 발가락에서 유의하게 증가하였고, 하지마커 전체의 평균값은 문자과제 수행 시 218.2%, 네비게이션 과제 수행 시 294.7%가 증가하였다. 운전 중 동시과제의 수행은 JC를 증가시켜 운전자의 동작의 부드러움을 감소시키고, APCV와 MLCV를 증가시켜 차량의 횡적·종적 통제를 어렵게 한다고 결론 내릴 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the secondary task while simulated driving using the variable indicating control of vehicle and smoothness of motion. Fifteen healthy adults having 1~2years driving experience were participated. 9 markers were attached on the subjects` upper(shoulder, elbow, wrist) and lower(knee, ankle, toe) limbs and all subjects were instructed to keep the 30m distance with the front vehicle running at 80km/hr speed. Sending text message(STM) and searching navigation(SN) were selected as the secondary task. Experiment consisted of driving alone for 1 min and driving with secondary task for 1 min, and was defined driving and cognition blocks respectively. To indicate the effects of secondary task, coefficient of variation of distance between vehicles and lane keeping(APCV and MLCV) and jerk-cost function(JC) were analyzed. APCV was increased by 222.1% in SN block. MLCV was increased by 318.2% in STM and 308.4% in SN. JC were increased at the drivers` elbow, knee, ankle and toe, especially the total mean JC of lower limbs were increased by 218.2% in STM and 294.7% in SN. Conclusively, Performing secondary tasks while driving decreased the smoothness of motion with increased JC and disturbed the control of vehicle with increased APCV and MLCV.
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젊은 성인의 평지 및 트레드밀 보행 시 Stride Time의 변화성
최진승 ( Jin Seung Choi ),강동원 ( Dong Won Kang ),방윤환 ( Yun Hwan Bang ),강민성 ( Min Sung Kang ),탁계래 ( Gye Rae Tack ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2011 체육과학연구 Vol.22 No.1
이 연구의 목적은 평지와 두 가지 조건의 트레드밀 보행 시 보행 변화성의 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 근골격계 이상이 없는 9명(24.6±1.1 year, 175.2±4.8 cm, 68.4±6.5 kg, right-handed)이 실험에 참여하였다. 모든 피험자는 평지 (overground walking, OW), 일반적으로 속도가 고정된 트레드밀(FT), 자동적으로 보행자의 걷는 속도와 트레드밀의 속도를 맞춰주는 속도 자동 적응형 트레드밀 (AT)에서 각 10분씩 보행을 수행하였다. stride time을 이용하여, 평균 stride time, 분산계수(coefficient of variance, CV) DFA(detrended Fluctuation Analysis)를 구하여 분석하였다. 분산계수는 변화의 크기를 정량적으로 나타내며, DFA는 변화의 구조, 즉 자기유사성을 나타낸다. 그 결과, OW와 AT조건보다 FT조건의 CV가 통계적으로 유의하게 작았고, DFA는 OW조건에서 다른 조건에 비해 작은 값을 보였다. 따라서, 보행 변화성에 대한 연구자의 관심 영역이 보행 변화성의 크기 또는 구조적인 것인가에 따라 적절한 보행 실험조건의 선택이 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an effects on gait variability by overground and two kinds of treadmill walking. Nine male subjects (24.6±1.1 year, 175.2±4.8 cm, 68.4±6.5 kg, right-handed) with no neuromuscular disease were participated for this experiment. All subjects walked at the preferred (self-selected) walking speed for 10 minutes on three walking conditions: overground (OW), traditional treadmill by fixed speed (FT) and treadmill whose speed adjusted automatically by subject`s walking speed (AT). Using stride time, average stride time, Coefficient of variance (CV) which quantifies the amount of variability and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) which explains the structure (i.e. self-similarity) of the variability were used for analysis. The results revealed that FT condition was a smaller than OW and AT condition in CV of stride time, while in DFA of stride time, OW condition was a smaller than the other conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to select for suitable walking condition of overground or 2 types of treadmill depends on what interest researcher do: such as amount or structure of gait variability.
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20대 남성의 낮은 조도의 평지 보행 시 보행 패턴 변화
최진승 ( Jin Seung Choi ),강동원 ( Dong Won Kang ),방윤환 ( Yun Hwan Bang ),탁계래 ( Gye Rae Tack ) 한국운동역학회 2010 한국운동역학회지 Vol.20 No.4
This study examined the changes in the walking pattern during level walking under low illumination conditions. Fourteen male subjects (22.1±2.21 years, 174±3.74 cm, 68.86±10.81 kg) with normal vision and no disabilities were enrolled in this study. All experiments were performed on a level walkway with three conditions: normal walking (preferred & low speed) and walking with low illumination. 3D motion capturing system was used for acquisition and analysis of the walking motion data with a sampling frequency of 120Hz. The walking speed, normalized jerk(NJ) at the center of mass(COM), wrist and heel, knee and elbow joint angle, ratio of the knee joint angle to elbow joint angle and the toe clearance on stance phase were used to compare the differences in walking pattern between the two illumination conditions, The results showed that the walking speed and joint angles decreased in low illumination, whereas the NJ and toe minimum clearance increased. In low illumination, most variables were similar to effects of low speed walking, but toe clearance was different from the effects of low speed. These results can be used as primary data for examining the changes in the level walking pattern of young adults under low illumination. Further study will be needed to compare these results in young adults with those in the elderly.
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평지와 고르지 않은 지면 경사로 보행 시 고령자와 젊은 성인의 운동학적 요인 비교
최진승 ( Jin Seung Choi ),강동원 ( Dong Won Kang ),문경률 ( Kyung Ryul Mun ),방윤환 ( Yun Hwan Bang ),탁계래 ( Gye Rae Tack ) 한국운동역학회 2010 한국운동역학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in walking pattern of the elderly during inclined walkway with uneven surfaces and level walking. 10 young(26.3±1.3 years, 174.3±5.3 cm, 69.5±9.5 kg) and 13 elderly(72.4±5.2 years, 164.5±5.4 cm, 66.1±9.6 kg) male subjects were participated in the experiment. Experiment consisted of 2 walking conditions: horizontal and inclined walkway with uneven surfaces. 3D motion capturing system were used to acquire and analyze walking motion data with sampling frequency of 120 Hz. To compare differences between conditions, kinematic variables(walking speed, stance-swing ratio, hip joint angle, knee joint angle, ankle joint angle, pelvic rotation angle) were used. Results showed that there were some changes of elderly walking pattern in inclined walkway with uneven surfaces: hip joint(adduction and rotation) and pelvic movement pattern. These changes by inclination and surface may affect gait pattern of young subjects as well as elderly subjects. However, in case of elderly it revealed more unstable gait than the young. Further study is necessary to clarify changes in walking pattern for elderly by considering various gait variables including head movement and various walkway conditions.
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