조선 전기 ‘상한’ 관련 문헌의 도입과 활용 연구 : 간행, 인용, 강서 활용을 중심으로

박훈평(Park Hun Pyeong) 대한의사학회 2019 醫史學 Vol.28 No.3

The status or role of Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases) in Joseon is quite different compared to neighboring China and Japan. This is a unique aspect that distinguishes Joseon’s medicine from other East Asian countries at that time. Prior studies have conducted research on non-professional books of Shanghan Lun; however, this study aims to analyze the transmission and utilization of professional books of Shanghan Lun. In the citations of medical books in the first half of Joseon period, the domestic introduction of professional books of Shanghan Lun used at the time occurred mostly from the mid-thirteenth century to the first half of the fifteenth century. In particular, the version of professional books of Shanghan Lun quoted in Euibangyoochui (Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions) were centered on the Yuan edition. In other words, the acceptance of the theory of Cold Damage Diseases was based on the Yuan’s medicine. Professional books of Shanghan Lun, which were published separately during the compilation or publication of Euibangyoochui, were intentionally selected. It is important to identify their characteristics. First of all, Shanghan Leishu (Classified Book of Cold Damage) was used as a textbook of Cold Damage in the first half of Joseon dynasty because the author of this book, Yang Shizhen and his practice acted as the basic text. The nature of Shanghan Leishu, which pursued the integration of “several symptoms of internal medicine” and “Cold Damage” instead of pursuing independent medicine of Cold Damage with different internal medicines, may have had some influence in forming the uniqueness of Joseon’s medicine of Cold Damage. Shanghanfu (Harm Caused by Cold: A Poem) was an introduction for easy access to formal Cold Damage’s content. Shanghanfu is presumed to be a medical book made out of prose poems, the core of Shanghanzhizhangtu. Non-professional books of Shanghanlun have also been cited in the first half of Joseon period’s medical texts in relation to Cold Damage. However, these books were not used as textbooks in medical bureaucracy’s education. The exclusion of major Cold Damage-related texts from the medical bureaucracy’s education may have hampered the development of Joseon’s Cold Damage medicine.

조선후기 의약동참과 내침의 신분 연구

박훈평(Park, Hun-pyeong) 한국학중앙연구원 2018 장서각 Vol.0 No.39

조선후기 중앙의 의학 관료는 두 부류로 나눌 수 있다. 다수는 기술직 중인가계 출신으로 의학 취재나 의과를 거쳐 三醫司나 各司의 의관직에 종사했다. 다른 부류는 출신 신분이 다양하며 추천에 의하여 內鍼醫와 議藥同參이 되어 왕실진료에 참여하였다. 이 글은 의학인물연구에 있어 왕실족보인 『璿源續譜』에 주목했다. 족보편찬이 관청에 의해 수행되어 내용 오류가 적고, 수록 내용에 있어 적파뿐 아니라 서파도 충실하게 수록하였다. 이 글은 먼저 『璿源續譜』에 수록된 인물을 중심으로 내침의, 의약동참의 가계와 그 후손을 조사하고 이를 분석하였다. 이 글에서 분석한 『璿源續譜』 수록 인물은 14명이다. 전체 입속자와 비교하면 소수의 사례라 한계가 있지만 그 분석을 통해 일정한 경향성을 발견하였다. 이를 바탕으로 『의약동참선생안』과 『내침의선생안』에 대한 선행연구를 보완하고 비판하면서 다시 고찰하였다. 조사 결과 새롭게 알게 된 사실은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내침의와 의약동참은 서얼가계의 신분 상승 방편이다. 의약동참의를 지낸 서얼가계의 세전 양상도 그렇게 해석된다. 서얼임에도 동반직 또는 목민관이 될 수도 있는 것이 내침의, 의약동참 제도였다. 다만 이는 국왕의 은전이라는 성격이 강했고, 서얼들이 문무과를 합격하더라도 淸職에 갈 수 없는 사회적 한계를 여실히 반영한다. 둘째, 조선후기 내의가 의과출신자로 한정되면서 실력 있는 외방의 藥醫가 왕실진료에 참여할 기회가 사라졌다. 이를 보완하여 상설화시킨 것이 의약동참의라 추정된다. 셋째, 의약동참청 설립 이후로 내침의의 사회적 지위 하락이 나타난다. 조선후기 내침의들의 경관직 진출이 17세기에 가장 활발하고 이후 점차 감소하는 경향을 보이는 것은 내침의의 사회적 지위 하락과 관련이 깊다. The medical bureaucracy in the middle of the late Joseon Dynasty can be divided into two classes. Many of them came from technical middle class’s family and worked as medical officials of three medical offices and various government offices through medical Chuijae and medical public examination. The other class did not have a constant identity, they became Euiyakdongcham and royal acupuncture doctor (Naechimeui) by recommendation and participated in royal medical care. This study paid attention to Sunwonsokbo, which is the genealogy of the royal family in the study of medical characters. The genealogical compilation was carried out by the government office, and there were few errors in the contents. In addition, the legal wife’s children as well as the children of a concubine were recorded faithfully in Sunwonsokbo. This study investigates the family and the descendants of Euiyakdongcham and Naechimeui, focusing on the peoples in Sunwonsokbo. All of Sunwonsokbo’s characters analyzed in this paper are 14 people. There are a few cases of limitations in comparison with all members, but it has founded a certain tendency through the analysis. Based on this, this study was reviewed again after supplementing and criticizing previous studies on List of Euiyakdongcham and List of Naechimeui-seonsaengan. Through the analysis, This study reavealed the following tendency which include: 1) Euiyakdongcham and Naechimeui are tools for raising the status of the family of the concubines. An example of this is the handing down from generation to generation in the child of a concubine that has been Euiyakdongcham. It was Euiyakdongcham and Naechimeui that could be either a Dongban official or a County Magistrate, even from a Seol. However, this reflects the social limitations of the King’s grace, which can not be assigned to important office even if Seol pass the Munmugwa. 2) Naeui in the late Joseon Dynasty was limited to those who passed medical examination. Thus, the opportunity for a good medication doctor to participate in royal treatment has disappeared. It is presumed that Euiyakdongcham has been supplemented to make it permanent. 3) After the establishment of Euiyakdongcham office, Naechimeui’s social status decline appears. Naechimeui’s entry into the central post in the late Joseon period was most active in the 17th century and gradually tends to decline after that, which is related to Naechimeui’s social status decline.

醫官의 原從功臣 錄勳 연구

박훈평(Hun Pyeng Park) 한국의사학회 2014 한국의사학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The medical bureaucrats was awarded by Wonjong (原從) meritorious retainer were 376 peoples in the Joseon Dynasty. It was not done research on this is accurate so far. Why did they get Wonjong (原從) meritorious retainer? I have found a general rule of the investiture through review of the nokhundogamuigwe (錄勳都監儀軌). The Sillok(實錄) and other materials were used as an adjunct in the investigation. Through the analysis of this medical bureaucrats, This study aims to investigate the change in the social status of the Joseon Dynasty's medical officials. The conclusion of this paper is as follows. First, the social status of medical bureaucrat was similar to that of yangban (兩班) in early days of Joseon Dynasty compared with mid or late days of Joseon Dynasty. Second, bastard households are concentrated in the second half of the 16th century to the early 17th century to advance to the medical officials. Third, acupuncture doctors increased social status by the mid-Joseon Dynasty. Fourth, statutes about Wonjong (原從) meritorious retainer was raising the social status of medical bureaucrat compared to other technical officials.

조선 후기 醫藥관련 王室儀禮연구 : 度支五禮考 를 중심으로

박훈평(Hun-Pyeong Park) 한국의사학회 2021 한국의사학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Takji-oryego(AReview oftheFivemannersrelatedtotheMinistryofFinance)isabookorganizedbyHojo(Joseon’sMinistryofFinance)and the costand detailsofroyaleventsheld according tofive manners.Thisbookcontained a lotofinformation onmedicine-relatedritualsinthelateJoseonDynasty.Thus,itwasfoundthattheroyalritualsrelatedtomedicineincludenotonlychildbirthandfertility,butalsoHeuljeonandSangjeon.Throughthisstudy,thefollowingfactswerenewlydiscovered:1)ThetimeoftranscriptionwasbetweenOctober1840andOctober1841.2)Huljeon(Privilegegiventosave)isalsorelatedtotheriseofthestatusofmedicalofficialsafterKingSukjong.3)AccordingtoHeuljeon,medicalbureaucratsinthelateJoseonDynastyhadahigherpositionthanothertechnicalofficials.4)The contentsofreward werecomplementarytothe existing literature.Thedate ofdeath ofa medicalofficial,which wasunknowninpreviousstudies,isdocumented.InacaselikeSansilcheong,therearecontentsthatareunknownthroughothersources.

조선 시대 활인서 연구 : 연혁 및 상비처방을 중심으로

박훈평(Hun-Pyeong Park) 한국의사학회 2020 한국의사학회지 Vol.33 No.1

활인서는 조선시대 도성의 빈민 치료와 구제를 담당하는 관청이었다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구에서 잘못 알려진 사실들을 수정하고, 활인서의 의료기관적 성격에 중점을 두어 상비처방을 분석하였다. 대비원, 혜민국, 제생원의 세 관청의 업무는 서민의 구료라는 면에서 업무 영역이 겹쳤다. 그러나 대비원은 순수한 의료 관청이 아니며, 교육 기능이 없고, 약재 관리를 하지 않는 점에서 다른 두 관청과 구분되었다. 활인서의 상비처방을 분석을 통하여 본 연구에서 다음의 새로운 사실을 알았다. 첫째, 상비처방의 구성에 있어 허준의 영향이 절대적이었다. 둘째, 열성유행병은 당시의 응급의료적인 면에 있어 사회적인 주요 문제였다. 셋째, 조선 후기에 열성유행병 치료에 있어서 이전 시대에 비하여 더욱 정교해진 치료 처방을 갖추게 되었다. The Office for Saving Lives (活人署) (OSL) was the office in charge of the treatment and relief of the poor in the Joseon Dynasty. This study disputes prior scholarship on the OSL by analyzing the use of a ready-made prescription and by focusing on the personality of the OSL’s medical institutions. The work of the three government offices, the Office of Great Mercy (大悲院) (OGM), which was the formal office of OSL, the Office of Benefiting People (惠民署) and the Office of Aiding Life (濟生院), overlapped in the area of relief of the common people. But OGM was different from the other two in that it was not a purely medical office, had no educational function, and did not manage medicine. By analyzing a standing prescription, this article argues: 1) Heojun’s influence on the composition of a standing prescription is absolute. 2) Epidemic warm disease (溫疫) was a major social problem in terms of emergency medical care at the time. 3) In the late Joseon Dynasty, the treatment of epidemic warm diseases became more sophisticated than the previous era.

한방렬의 매정보감 연구

박훈평(Hun Pyeng Park),안상우(Sang Woo Ahn) 한국의사학회 2017 한국의사학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Although Maejeong-Bogam (梅亭寶鑑) is a manuscript, it has attracted considerable attention from academia because of the clear authorship and relevant treatment methodologies. This article is the result of an extensive study on the author and the contents of the manuscript through the use of various data. This article revealed facts which include: 1) Author HAN Bangryeol (韓昉烈) is a Confucian doctor who lived in Namwon area, Jeolla province of Korea. 2) Dr. HAN’s other manuscript of Bongseong-Shinbang (鳳城神方) was written before 1814. 3) Maejeong-Bogam (梅亭寶鑑) collects pediatric medical records only and is focused on outbreaks and treatment of smallpox among children. 4) Smallpox was a national concern in the late Joseon Dynasty and doctors of the day developed corresponding therapies. 5) Smallpox Inoculation was carried out in Jeolla Province as early 19th in Korea.

새로 발견된 조선전기 의학서 『胎産集要』 연구

박훈평(Park, Hun-pyeong) 한국학중앙연구원 2016 장서각 Vol.0 No.36

『태산집요』는 조선전기의 産科 전문의서이다. 『실록』과 『경국대전』에 의하면, 『태산집요』는 1472년(성종 3) 이전에 초간되어 임진왜란 직전까지 의관의 산과의학 교재로 활용되었다. 이 책은 임진왜란을 거치면서 망실되었고, 이후에는 허준이 저술한 『언해태산집요』에게 의료인을 위한 산과 전문의서라는 성격과 지위가 계승되었다. 조선후기에 『태산집요』는 법전의 규정과 『언해태산집요』에 이름으로만 남은 책이었고, 순조 때 완성된 『증정동국문헌비고』에서 『태산집요』는 노중례의 『태산요록』과 동일한 책으로 기술되기에 이르렀다. 이후 현재까지 그 오류가 이어져왔다. 그러므로 『언해태산집요』도 『태산요록』의 영향을 받은 것으로 여겨져왔다. 이 글은 새로 발견된 『태산집요』의 가치와 특성을 설명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이번 연구가 기존의 오류를 바로잡고, 조선전기 산과의학의 실체에 한 걸음 더 나아가는 계기가 되기를 기대한다. 『태산집요』는 조선시대를 통틀어 가장 방대한 분과의서이다. 이는 다음의 사실을 알려준다. 먼저 『태산집요』는 조선전기에 있어서 산과의학에 대한 통치자의 관심을 반영한다. 또한 『의방유취』 편찬 시기에 이미 胎産, 救急, 瘡疹의 세 가지 분과의학이 국가에서 중요시하는 의학의 지위를 누리고 있음도 엿볼 수 있다. 그리고 『태산집요』는 『의방유취』 편찬 과정에서 축적된 백과사전식 의학지식을 활용하여 조선 나름으로 체계화시켜 임상적으로 이용한 사례이다. 『태산집요』는 현존본 『의방유취』 교감에 자료로서 활용될 수 있다. 『태산집요』는 세조 때의 교정본 『의방유취』를 원천으로 하여 원문을 그대로 전재하여 생성되었기 때문이다. 이에 대해서는 추후에 보다 자세한 교감연구가 요구된다. 『태산집요』의 저자는 『경국대전주해』에 의하면 임원준이다. 같은 인물이 편찬에 관여했기에 『태산집요』와 『창진집』의 편제가 유사하다. 비유하자면 임원준은 조선전기의 허준이라 할 수 있다. 그는 여러 의서의 편찬에 관여했다. 현존하는 『태산집요』는 전체가 11책으로 추정되는 분량 중에 1책에 불과하다. 그래서 구성과 편제의 구체적 양상에 대한 분석은 한계가 있다. 또한 현존본에는 간기와 서발문이 존재하지 않아, 정확한 간행 이력을 알기 어렵다. Taesanjibyo(胎産集要) was a obstetrics publications in the early period of Joseon Dinasty. According to Sillok(實錄) and Gyongguk Daejon(經國大典), Taesanjibyo was published prior to 1472, and was used as an obstetrics textbook for medical bureaucrats to just before the Imjin War. It disappeared after passing through the Imjin War, later Eonhae Taesanjibyo(諺解胎産集要) writtened by Heo Jun was succeeded to it’s character and value as a obstetrics textbook for medical bureaucrats. In the late period of Joseon dynasty, Taesanjibyo was just discovered in name only in the Code and Eonhae Taesanjibyo. Taesanjibyo was described in Jeungjeong Donggukmunheobigo(增訂東國文獻備考) as a same book with the Taesanyorok(胎産要錄) written by Rho Jungrye(盧重禮), this error has continued up to now. Therefore, Eonhae Taesanjibyo has been considered as affected by Taesanyorok. This paper aims to explain the character and value of the newly discovered Taesanjibyo. This study expect to rectify any existing errors and take one step further on understanding the reality of obstetrics in the early period of Joseon Dinasty. Taesanjibyo was the largest scale specialized medical book throughout the Joseon dynasty. It indicates the following facts. First, Taesanjibyo reflects interest of the ruler to the medical field in obstetrics in the early period of Joseon Dinasty. Also when Euibangyoochui(醫方類聚) was published, three kinds of division of medicine(obstetrics, emergency medicine, treatment of smallpox) have already a significant medical value by the dynasty. And Taesanjibyo was the case that was organized medical encyclopedia knowledge in Joseon’s own way accumulated in the process of publishers’s Euibangyoochui and has been used clinically using. Taesanjibyo can be utilized as data on the textual Criticism of Euibangyoochui. Because proofread version text of Euibangyoochui by king Sejo(世祖) is included in text of Taesanjibyo. The more detailed textual Criticism is required for this one. It needs research projects in the future. The author of the Taesanjibyo is Im Wonjun(任元濬) according to Gyeongguk Daejeon Juhae(經國大典註解). Taesanjibyo’s configuration is similar to Changjinjib’s configuration, so boths books have same author. By analogy, Im wonjun can be called Heo Jun in the early period of Joseon Dinasty. He was involved in the compilation of several medical books. The total volume is estimated at 11 books. But the extant edition is only one of the whole. Thus analysis of the specific aspects of the configuration and the footing has a limit. In addition, because there is no interphase and the preface of extant editions, it causes difficulty to know the exact publication type.

바이오 매스 급속 열분해 가스의 응축 모델링 기법에 관한 연구

박훈채(Park, Hun Chae),최항석(Choi, Hang Seok),최연석(Choi, Yeon Seok) 한국신재생에너지학회 2011 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

최근 석유, 가스, 석탄을 비롯한 화석연료의 다량 사용으로 기후변화, 대기오염 등의 환경문제 및 자원 고갈의 우려 때문에 바이오매스는 중요한 화석연료 대체 에너지 자원으로써 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 바이오매스 자원을 에너지로 전환하는 방법 중 하나인 급속 열분해 공정은 산소가 없는 상태에서 바이오매스를 열적으로 분해하여 액상 상태의 생성물을 회수하는 공정으로, 증기상의 열분해 가스를 응축하여 회수하게 된다. 바이오매스의 급속 열분해에 관한 연구는 주로 바이오매스의 종류와 열분해 조건에 따라 회수되는 바이오 원유의 수율 및 물리 화학적 특성에 관한 연구가 수행되고 있으나, 열분해 가스의 응축에 관한 연구는 응축에 수반되는 복잡한 물리적 현상 때문에 미진하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바이오매스의 급속 열분해를 통해 생성되는 증기상의 열분해 가스의 응축 현상을 모사 할 수 있는 모델링 기법에 대해 연구하였다. 급속 열분해 공정을 통해 생성되는 바이오 원유는 수백개의 화합물로 구성되어 있으며, 동일한 바이오매스를 사용한 경우라도 공정조건에 따라 바이오 원유에 포함된 화합물은 달라진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바이오 원유의 주요 화합물인 water, propanal, butanal, pentanal, phenol, guaiacol, coniferyl alcohol, formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoid acid를 대상으로 열분해 가스의 응축을 모사하였다. 본 연구에서는 응축 모델링 기법의 검증을 위해 실험결과와 비교하여 정확성을 검증하였으며, 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 응축 조건 변화에 따른 급속 열분해 가스의 응축률을 예측하고, 이를 이용한 응축 열교환기 설계에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

지역사회획득폐렴 환자의 중증도 평가에서 Procalcitonin 유용성

박훈표 ( Hun Pyo Park ),이정수 ( Jung Soo Lee ),장예수 ( Ye Su Jang ),김민수 ( Min Su Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2009 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.67 No.5

Background: Thus far, research studies on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have focused on its clinical severity. Recently, it has been determined that procalcitonin (PCT) level is correlated with severity of CAP. A retrospective study conducted at our hospital used risk predictability and PCT to determine whether or no PCT is useful in assessing the severity of CAP. Methods: This study covered 92 CAP cases that were admitted to the respiratory department at Changwon Fatima Hospital between July 1, 2008 and June 30, 2009. All enrolled subjects were measured for infection markers and risk predictability. Results: Based on hospital admission data, enrolled subjects had Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) scores serving as risk predictors showed that both PCT and white blood cell (WBC) were statistically significant as infection markers (p=0.001, 0.037). Thus, this study used ROC curves in PSI for data analysis. As a result, it was determined that the area under curve (AUC) of PCT and WBC was 0.694 and 0.593 respectively, indicating that PCT has a higher test value for WBC, when PCT was higher than 0.745 ng/mL. In addition, it was found that PCT levels higher than 0.745 ng/mL had higher PSI scores than the group with PCT lower than 0.745 ng/mL (p=0.032). Conclusion: In order to predict risk of pneumonia cases admitted due to symptoms of CAP, it is important to consider PCT as well as PSI, and follow-up monitoring of PCT cases.

관 단면형상 변화에 따른 열전달 특성에 관한 수치해석적 연구

박훈채(Hun Chae Park),최항석(Hang Seok Choi),김석준(Seock Joon Kim) 대한설비공학회 2012 설비공학 논문집 Vol.24 No.7

Numerical study has been carried out to investigate heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics for streamlined shape tubes. The flow and thermal fields are investigated with varying diameter ratio of the tube ranging from 0.4 to 2.5 and Reynolds number ranging from 10,000 to 30,000. The results show that heat transfer per unit fan power is maximum at D2/D1 = 0.8. Furthermore, the heat transfer per unit fan power of streamlined shape tubes was compared with circular tube. The heat transfer per unit fan power of streamlined shape tube was larger than that of circular tube.