초고속 금속제트 산란을 위한 대전류 펄스의 수치적 모델링

박형규(Hyeong Gyu Park),구만회(Man Hoi Koo),김동규(Dong Kyu Kim),송우진(Woo Jin Song),김정(Jeong Kim) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.4-2

성형작약탄 금속제트 산란을 위한 대전류 펄스의 수치해석적 연구

박형규(Hyeong Gyu Park),김동규(Dong Kyu Kim),김시우(Si Woo Kim),주재현(Jae Hyun Joo),송우진(Woo Jin Song),김정(Jeong Kim) 대한기계학회 2015 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.39 No.1

성형작약탄에 의해 발생되는 금속제트에 대전류 펄스가 인가되면 금속제트 내·외부에 전자기장이 형성 되고 생성된 전자기장에 의해 전자기력이 작용하여 금속제트를 분산 및 산란시키게 된다. 대전류 펄스 인가장치는 RLC 회로로 구성되어 있고 두 전극판 사이로 금속제트가 관통되어 진행할 때 대전류 펄스가 흐르게 된다. 본 연구에서는 ALE 기법을 이용한 2 차원 축 대칭 해석을 통해 두 전극판을 통과할 때의 금속제트 단면 형상을 예측하고, 2 차원 해석 모델에서 얻어낸 금속제트 단면을 3 차원 유한요소 모델로 재구성하여 금속제트에 전류를 직접 인가하였다. 또한, 유한요소해석을 통하여 금속제트에 직접적으로 대전류 펄스를 인가시켜 금속제트의 변형된 형상과 발생하는 전자기력을 계산하였으며, 금속제트의 산란을 일으키는데 영향을 주는 대전류 펄스의 주요 설계변수 특성에 대하여 검증하였다. The electromagnetic force induced by an intense electric current pulse, which generates an electromagnetic field around the metal jet originating from a shaped charge, can disperse and scatter the high-speed metal jet. An electric device consisting of an RLC circuit applies an intense electric current pulse that flows in the circuit while the metal jet passes between two electrodes. In this study, the metal jet formation was simulated using the ALE technique in 2-D, and a 3-D finite element model was mapped using 2-D simulation results to induce the electric current directly. The deformed shapes of the metal jet and the electromagnetic force were calculated using a finite element analysis by inducing the electric current directly, and the major parameters of the intense electric current pulse for breaking up the metal jet were examined.

증례 : 내분비-대사 ; 림프절 결핵완치 후 갑상선 결핵으로 재발된 1예

유희용 ( Hee Yong Yoo ),정철호 ( Chul Ho Chung ),노미오 ( Mi Oh Roh ),박형규 ( Hyeong Kyu Park ),변동원 ( Dong Won Byon ),서교일 ( Kyo Il Suh ),유명희 ( Myung Hi Yoo ) 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회지 Vol.77 No.6

결핵의 유병률이 높은 국내에서 갑상선 결핵은 드물고, 속립성 결핵의 갑상선 침범이나 갑상선 결절, 갑상선염, 농양 또는 갑상선암이 의심되어 갑상선 절제 후 갑상선 결핵으로 진단되어 항결핵제로 치료한 경우가 대부분이다. 저자들은 6년 전 경부 림프절 결핵으로 항결핵제를 복용한 후 완치판정을 받은 32세 여자 환자에서 갑상선 종괴가 우연히 발견되어 미세침흡인세포 검사를 통해 항산균을 확인하고 갑상선 결핵으로 진단한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Thyroid tuberculosis is rare, and primary tuberculosis is extremely rare. In most cases, thyroid tuberculosis presents as a thyroid nodule, thyroiditis, thyroid abscess, or thyroid cancer, and is often diagnosed after thyroidectomy. We experienced a case of thyroid tuberculosis that presented as a palpable thyroid nodule in a 32-year-old female patient. The patient had been previously diagnosed with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis and had been treated successfully 6 years ago. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland showed a small number of neutrophils and macrophages in a necrotic background, and many acid-fast bacilli were found with AFB staining. The patient began anti-tuberculosis therapy as an outpatient and is currently being followed regularly. Here, we report a case of thyroid tuberculosis diagnosed after the apparent cure of cervical lymph node tuberculosis. Additionally, a review of the literature is included. (Korean J Med 77:771-774, 2009)

증례 : 급성 A형 간염 후 발생한 전격성 제1형 당뇨병 1예

권지연 ( Ji Yeon Kwon ),노미오 ( Mi Oh Roh ),송민수 ( Min Soo Song ),정찬희 ( Chan Hee Jung ),박형규 ( Hyeong Kyu Park ),김여주 ( Yeo Ju Kim ),목지오 ( Ji Oh Mok ),김상진 ( Sang Jin Kim ),김철희 ( Chul Hee Kim ),변동원 ( Dong Won 대한당뇨병학회 2009 임상당뇨병 Vol.10 No.2

전격성 제1형 당뇨병은 췌도에서 급격히 베타세포와 알파세포가 파괴되는 특징을 가진 당뇨병으로 그 기전은 명확하지 않으나 유전적 감수성이 있는 개체에서 바이러스 감염 등의 환경적인 인자와의 연관성이 가능한 병태생리로 제시되고 있으며 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 저자들은 최근 급증하는 A형 간염 후에 발생한 전격성 제1형 당뇨병 1예를 경험하여 전격성 제1형 당뇨병과 바이러스 감염의 관련성에 대한 근거를 제시하고 이에 대해 보고하는 바이다. Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus is a novel subtype of type 1 diabetes, which is characterized by a remarkably abrupt onset, metabolic derangement such as diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, low HbA1c level at onset and negative islet-related autoantibodies. The pathogenesis of this disease remains to be clarified, but the involvement of both genetic background and viruses have been suggested. We recently encountered a case of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus in 32-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with acute hepatitis A a month ago. Laboratory findings revealed high blood glucose level as well as evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, but the HbA1c level was normal. The low level of plasma C-peptide indicated the loss of endogenous insulin secretion. This patient`s laboratory results met the criteria for the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes. We consider that this report can add to the body of evidence of a viral etiology of fulminant type 1 diabetes. Further study is needed to elucidate the exact pathogenesis. (Korean Clinical Diabetes J 10:118-122, 2009)

태생기 단백영양결핍 백서에서 췌장 베타세포의 기능 및 발달

박형규,김성길,박도준,신찬수,박경수,김성연,이홍규 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.26 No.1

연구배경:많은 역학연구에서 태생개의 영양결핍이 성인이 된 후 내당능장애 또는 당뇨병의 발생과 관련되어 있음이 관찰되었다. 이러한 연관성은 태생기의 영양결핍이 자궁 내 성장을 저하시키고, 포도당 대사를 조절하는 조직의 발달 및 기능에 장기적인 변화를 유발한 결과로 설명되어 왔다. 이에 저자들은 태생기의 단백질 영양결핍이 췌장 베타세포의 기능 및 발달에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:저단백 식이를 먹인 어미쥐에서 태어난 수컷쥐를 대상으로 이유 후 정상식이(회복군)또는 저단백식이(저단백군)를 먹여 생후 25주가 되었을 때, 정맥당부하검사 및 췌장의 형태학적 분석을 시행하여 정상 대조군과 비교하였다. 결과:태생기에 단백질 영양결핍을 겪은 백서는 대조군에 비해 체중이 유의하게 적었으며, 생후 정상식이로 회복시켜 주어도 체중은 회복되지 않았다. 당부하검사에서 포도당 내성은 서로 차이가 없었다. 포도당 주사 후 20분의 인슐린 농도는 회복군(0.24±0.03nmol/L)및 저단백군(0.28±0.02nmol/L)이 대조군(0.43±0.05nmol/L)에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 당부하검사 중 인슐린 곡선하면적은 회복군 및 저단백군(0.39±0.03nmol/L/min, 0.42±0.02nmol/L/min)에서 대조군(0.54±0.03nmol/L/min)에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.01), 특히 후기 인슐린 분비반응에서 심한 장애가 관찰되었다. 췌장무게 및 체중에 대한 췌장 무게의 비율은 회복군 및 저단백군에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었다(p<0.01). 췌장 세포에 대한 베타세포의 비율은 저단백군(0.91±0.14%)이 대조군(21.9±0.23%)및 회복군(1.79±0.25%)에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었다(p<0.05). 체중에 대한 베타세포 양은 저단백군(13.2±3.2㎍/g body weight)에서 대조군(34.8±5.6㎍/g body weight)에 비해 유의하게 적었다(p<0.05). 결론:태생기의 단백질 영양결핍은 췌장 베타세포의 지속적인 발달장애 및 인슐린 분비능의 저하를 유발하였으며, 이는 태생기의 단백질 영양결핍이 다른 유해한 환경적 또는 유전적 조건과 함께 성장 후 당뇨병의 발생에 기여할 가능성을 시사한다. Background:Nutritional deprivation of the fetus and infant may be associated with susceptibility to impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes in adult life. This association has been interpreted as a long­term effects of nutritional factors that reduce fetal growth and impair the development of tissues that regulate glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of protein malnutrition in a fetus and early life on the pancreatic β­cell function and development. Methods:Sprague­Dawley rats were fed a low­protein(8% casein)diet during pregnancy and lactation. Their male offspring were weaned onto either a control(18% casein)diet(recuperated group, R)or a low­protein diet( low­protein group, LP). The offspring of the rats control diet were weaned onto the pancreas were performed to evaluate the pancreatic β­cell function and development at the 25th week of age. Results:Offspring of the protein­malnourished rats had a significantly lower body weights than the controls. The R and LP showed no major impairment in glucose tolerance, but the plasma insulin concentrations in the R(0.24±0.03nmol/L)and LP(0.28±0.02nmol/L )groups were lower at 20 min during IVGTT than the C(0.43±0.05nmol/L )groups. The areas under the curve for insulin(AUC insulin)during IVGTT were significantly lower in R and LP(0.39±0.03nmol/L/min, 0.43±0.02nmol/L/min)groups than the C(0.54±0.03 nmol/L/min)group. In particular, the rats with fetal protein malnutrition showed severe impairment in late­phase insulin secretion to a glucose load. Both the pancreas weight and the proportion of the pancreas weight to the body weight were significantly lower in the R and LP groups than the C group. The proportion of β­cells to pancreatic cells was lower in the LP(0.91±0.14%)group than the C(2.19±0.23%)and R(1.79±0.25%)group. The relative β­cell mass was significantly lower in the LP(by 62%)group that the C group. Conclusion:Rats with fetal protein malnutrition showed persistently impaired pancreatic β­cell development and reduced insulin secretion capacity. These findings suggest that 2 diabetes in adult life along with other deleterious environment of genetic conditions(J Kor Diabetes Asso 26:21∼30, 2002).

Adiponectin과 비만, 제2형 당뇨병 및 관상동맥질환과의 관계

박형규,유명희 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Background : Adiponectin is a novel adipose tissue-specific protein that has been shown to modulate insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. In addition, adiponectin has been found to inhibit inflammatory process and possibly atherogenesis. In this study, we tried to investigate the relationship of adiponectin to obesity, type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). Material and methods : We measured fasting serum insulin and adiponectin concentrations in 55 diabetic patients and 25 nondiabetic subjects. Subjects who had stenosis at least 1 major coronary artery, or who had developed myocardial infarction, or had previously undergone percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft were classified as CAD patients. 23 diabetic patients and 8 nondiabetic subjects had CAD. Results : Fasting adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in men than in women (5.1±0.8 vs. 7.8±1.1 ng/mL, p<0.05). In men, serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI, r=-0.36, p<0.05) and log-insulin (r=-0.32, p<0.05). With multivariate regression analysis, adiponectin was significantly related to BMI (p<0.05). However, no correlations were found in women. Fasting adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in CAD patients than in control subjects (2.8±0.4 vs. 7.2±1.5 ng/mL, p<0.05). Serum adiponectin levels between diabetic and nondiabetic control subjects, and between diabetic patients with CAD and those without CAD did not differ. Conclusion : Low adiponectin levels were closely related to obesity and CAD. These findings suggest that hypoadiponectinemia may contribute to accelerated atherogenesis associated with obesity.

정상여성에서 월경주기에 따른 갑상선 부피의 변동에 관한 연구

박진우,박형규,유명희 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Previous studies demonstrated that the thyroid gland volume was altered during the menstrual cycle in normal women, but the mechanism has not been clarified. To investigate the role of thyroid hormone and ovarian steroid hormones in the cyclic alteration of the thyroid volume in normal women, we performed a compound ultrasonogram and measured thyroid volume with the method based on the electronic planimetry of a sequential transverse ultrasound scans of the thyroid and performed serial measurements of thyroid and ovarian steroid hormones in 8 normal women during the cycles and 8 normal men. Thyroid volume in men was greater than that in women (18.6±1.6 ㎤ vs. 11.7±1.2 ㎤, P<0.05), but the ratio of thyroid volume to body weight showed no significant difference. Serial thyroid volume measurements showed no significant changes in men. However, in women, significant increases on day 22 compared with day 1 and 8. Serum T_(3), T_(4) and TSH levels were not changed significantly during the cycle in women. Serum progesterone levels increased on day 22, compared with on day 1, 8 and serum estradiol levels elevated on day 15 and 22, compared with on day 8 (p<0.05). Positive correlation was found between serum progesterone concentration and thyroid volume (r=0.45, p<0.01), while no significant correlation was found between serum estradiol level and thyroid volume. These data suggest that progesterone might play a role in the cyclic alteration of the thyroid volume during the menstrual cycle in women, probably by changing the vascularity of the thyroid.

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 혈청 그렐린(Ghrelin) 농도와 비만도 및 관상동맥질환과의 관계

박형규,서교일 순천향대학교 의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.2

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갑상선 종양에서 thrombin receptor (PAR-1)의 발현 양상

박지영,목지오,김여주,박형규,김철희,변동원,서교일,유명희,조현득,오미혜,김상진 순천향의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.2

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가령 (Aging)에 따른 갑상선 특이항원 발현의 변화

박영주,박은신,김태용,김상완,박형규,박도준,김원배,신찬수,박경수,김성연,박상철,이홍규,조보연 대한내분비학회 2001 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.16 No.4

Background: With the prevalence of serum antithyroglobulin (anti-TG) and antithyroperoxidase (anti- TPO) autoantibodies increasing with age, it has been suggested that changes of thyroid autoimmunity with aging are associated with endemic iodine intake. To understand the mechanism of aging-related increases of thyroid autoimmune response, we investigated the expression of thyroid specific autoantigens of aged phenotype, and compared them with those of young phenotype both in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed at 5, 10 and 16 weeks (young), and at 23 months (aged). Their FRTL-5 thyroid cells were harvested at cell passages less than 10 (fresh) or more than 30 (aged). The expression of thyroid autoantigens, sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), TSH receptor (TSHR), TG and TPO, were examined by northern blot analysis. To evaluate the effects of iodide, 1 mM of NaI was added to the medium for 24 hours, and following incubation the expressions of MHC class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ were also examined. Results: The expressions of TPO were markedly increased in the aged rats, and those of TG were moderately. However, NIS and TSHR showed no differences in their expression levels between aged rats and young rats. In vitro, there were no differences in the expressions of TG or TPO, nor of NIS or TSHR, between aged cells and fresh cells. Neither did Iodide exhibit any influence on the expression of MHC molecules in aged cells or fresh cells. Conclusion: The expression levels of TPO and TG were increased in aged rats, which may partially explain the mechanism of increasing thyroid autoimmunity with age