배추과 작물의 자가불화합성 유전자의 발현 및 조절

박종인,이인호,노일섭,Park, Jong-In,Lee, In-Ho,Watanabe, Masao,Nou, Ill-Sup 한국식물생명공학회 2010 식물생명공학회지 Vol.37 No.2

In most self-incompatible plant species, recognition of self-pollen is controlled by a single locus, termed the S-locus. The self-incompatibility (SI) system in Brassica is controlled sporophytically by multiple alleles at a single locus, designated as S, and involves cell-cell communication between male and female. Two highly polymorphic S locus genes, SLG (S locus glycoprotein) and SRK (S receptor kinase), have been identified, both of which are expressed predominantly in the stigmatic papillar cell. Gain-of-function experiments have demonstrated that SRK solely determines S haplotype-specificity of the stigma, while SLG enhances the recognition reaction of SI. The sequence analysis of the S locus genomic region of B. campestris (syn. rapa) has led to the identification of an anther-specific gene, designated as SP11/SCR, which is the male S determinant. Molecular analysis has demonstrated that the dominance relationships between S alleles in the stigma were determined by SRK itself, but not by the relative expression level. In contrast, the expression of SP11/SCR from the recessive S allele was specifically suppressed in the S heterozygote, suggesting that the dominance relationships in pollen were determined by the expression level of SP11/SCR. Furthermore, recent studies on recessive allele-specific DNA methylation of Brassica self-incompatibility alleles demonstrate that DNA methylation patterns in plants can vary temporally and spatially in each generation. In this review, we firstly present overview of self incompatibility system in Brassica and then describe dominance relationships in Brassica self- incompatibility regulated by allele-specific DNA methylation.

4차원 방사선 치료시 영상 추적기술의 최적화

박종인,신은혁,한영이,박희철,이재기,최두호,Park, Jong-In,Shin, Eun-Hyuk,Han, Young-Yih,Park, Hee-Chul,Lee, Jai-Ki,Choi, Doo-Ho 한국의학물리학회 2012 의학물리 Vol.23 No.1

4차원 방사선치료시 환자의 정확한 호흡 조절을 위한 바이오피드백 시스템의 개발을 위해 IR (Infra-red) 카메라 뿐만아니라 일반 카메라에서 얻는 영상에서 표적의 움직임을 추적하는 최적화된 추적 알고리즘을 찾고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 LabVIEW 2010을 사용해서 시스템을 구성하였다. 모션팬톰(motimo Phantom)의 움직임을 카메라 (IR 카메라와 일반 카메라)를 통하여 영상을 획득하고 영상처리를 거친 후 ROI (Region of interest)를 설정하여, 영상에서 지정한 ROI와 패턴 매치된 점의 상하의 움직임만 좌표로 기록하였다. 영상처리에는 문턱값을 사용하여 이진화된 영상을 만들고 Sobel, Prewitt, Differentiation, Sigma, Gradient, Roberts 등의 여러 윤곽선 강조방법들을 적용한 후에 영상을 합하여 사용했다. 다양한 방법들의 성능을 객관적으로 평가하기 위한 인자로 'score' 값을 정의하여 성능을 비교하였다. 모든 방법들을 최대한 같은 조건에서 비교하기 위해서 5분씩 3번 반복하여 측정하여 ASCII 파일로 저장하여 저장된 'score' 값의 평균값과 표준편차를 구하여 비교하였다. 문턱값만을 적용한 영상의 score는 706이고 표준편차는 84였다. 윤곽선강조를 사용한 알고리즘들의 score와 표준편차는 각각 Sobel 794와 64, Differentiation 770과 101, Gradient는 754과 85, Prewitt 763과 75, Roberts 777와 93, Sigma 822와 62였다. 가장 좋은 효율을 보인 알고리즘은 Sigma방법이였다. 추적 효율이 가장 좋게 나온 Sigma방법을 이용해서 호흡을 조절하여 호흡동조 방사선치료를 시행할 때 카메라(IR 카메라 및 일반 카메라)상의 점 추적에 대한 정확도의 증가로 치료 효율을 높일 수 있을 것이라 기대된다. In order to develop a Patient respiratory management system includinga biofeedback function for4-dimentional radiation therapy, this study investigated anoptimal tracking algorithmfor moving target using IR (Infra-red) camera as well as commercial camera. A tracking system was developed by LabVIEW 2010. Motion phantom images were acquired using a camera (IR or commercial). After image process were conducted to convert acquired image to binary image by applying a threshold values, several edge enhance methods such as Sobel, Prewitt, Differentiation, Sigma, Gradient, Roberts, were applied. The targetpattern was defined in the images, and acquired image from a moving targetwas tracked by matching pre-defined tracking pattern. During the matching of imagee, thecoordinateof tracking point was recorded. In order to assess the performance of tracking algorithm, the value of score which represents theaccuracy of pattern matching was defined. To compare the algorithm objectively, we repeat experiments 3 times for 5 minuts for each algorithm. Average valueand standard deviations (SD) of score were automatically calculatedsaved as ASCII format. Score of threshold only was 706, and standard deviation was 84. The value of average and SD for other algorithms which combined edge detection method and thresholdwere 794, 64 in Sobel, 770, 101 in Differentiation, 754, 85 in Gradient, 763, 75 in Prewitt, 777, 93 in Roberts, and 822, 62 in Sigma, respectively. According to score analysis, the most efficient tracking algorithm is the Sigma method. Therefore, 4-dimentional radiation threapy is expected tobemore efficient if threshold and Sigma edge detection method are used together in target tracking.

유류비축기지 설계를 위한 대심도 경사공에서의 수압파쇄 초기응력 해석

최성웅,신희순,박찬,신중호,배정식,이형원,박종인,전한석,Choi, Sung-Oong,Shin, Hee-Soon,Park, Chan,Syun, Joong-Ho,Bae, Jeong-Sik,Lee, Hyeong-Won,Park, Jong-In,Jeon, Han-Seok 한국지반공학회 1999 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.15 No.4

유류비축용 지하저장공동의 설계를 위하여 수압파쇄시험에 의한 현지암반내 초기응력 해석이 수행되었다. 부지 내 2개의 경사 시추공에 대해 수행된 금번 시험은 국내 기술진에 의한 지하비축기지 적용의 첫 사례이다. 또한, 경사공 해석기법을 처음으로 도입하여 수직공 해석기법에 의한 결과와 비교, 해석기법의 타당성을 검증함으로써 향후 수압파쇄시험의 적용범위 확대를 기대할 수 있었다. 특히 인근 지역이라도 지형적 또는 지질학적 특성에 따라 초기응력의 크기는 달라질 수 있음을 보여주었으며, 동일 시추공 내에서라도 구조선 등과 같은 뚜렷한 불연속면이 있을 경우초기응력의 방향이 심도에 따라 변화될 수 있음을 보여주었다. Hydraulic fracturing tests were performed in two inclined boreholes for the design of underground oil storages in Korea. Extensions of their application limits were expected through a precise comparison between the interpretation techniques for the vertical and the inclined boreholes. Especially, it was verified that the magnitude of in-situ stress can be varied even in the same rock mass with a variety of geographic/geotechnical characteristics. It was also demonstrated that its orientation can be changed even in the same borehole with the existence of explicit discontinuities.

Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus Infection in a Kitten

박종인,서상일,현창백,Park, Jong-In,Suh, Sang-Il,Hyun, Changbaig The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics 2015 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

5개월령 코리안 숏헤어 새끼 고양이(몸무게 1.7 kg)가 상부호흡기 증상, 얼굴과 발/발바닥의 궤양과 부종 및 파행을 주증으로 내원하였다. 실험실 검사상, 백혈구감소증, 림프구 감소증, 췌장염 및 칼리시바이러스 감염증이 확인되었다. 진단은 고독성 칼리시바이러스 감염증에 대한 특이 임상증상과 PCR을 통한 칼리시바이러스 동정 및 다른 상부호흡기 감염을 배제함으로써 내려졌다. 상부호흡기 증상완화와 이차 감염에 대한 처치 및 보조요법을 약 한 달간 실시하였고, 환자는 이러한 치료를 통해 임상증상이 크게 개선되었다. 본 증례는 고독성 고양이 칼리시바이러스에 대한 첫 번째 발병증례이다. A 5 month old Korean domestic short haired male kitten (weighing 1.7 kg) was presented with primary complaints of upper respiratory disease (URD) signs and skin ulceration and edema on face, feet and footpad with lameness. Diagnostic test revealed leukopenia, lymphopenia, pancreatitis and feline calicivirus (FCV) infection. Diagnosis of virulent systemic FCV (VS-FCV) was made on clinical signs, isolation of calicivirus via PCR and exclusion of other causes of acute upper respiratory disease. Therapeutic strategies were directed to lessen URD signs and to treat secondary bacterial infection and antiviral infection. One month after this therapy, skin lesions on face and feet and URD signs were much improved, although the lameness persisted mildly. To author's best knowledge, this is the first case reporting VS-FCV infection in a kitten in Korea.

하드웨어 소프트웨어 Co-Design을 통한 MP3 부호화 칩 설계

박종인,박주성,김태훈,Park Jong-In,Park Ju Sung,Kim Tae-Hoon 한국음향학회 2006 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

MP3 부호화 칩을 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 Co-design 개념을 이용하여 설계하고 칩으로 제작하였다. 소프트웨어적인 측면에서 MP3 부호화과정에서 계산량이 가장 많은 distortion control loop를 scale factor pre-calculation을 통하여 계산량을 $67\%$까지 줄였다. 하드웨어적인 측면에서 고속연산이 가능한 32비트 부동소수점 DSP 코어와 Fn (Fast Fourier Transform) 블록의 하드웨어 구현을 통하여 계산량을 줄였다. 설계된 칩을 하드웨어 에뮬레이션을 통하여 검증한 후 0.25um CMOS 공정을 이용하여 제작하였다. 제작된 칩의 크기는 $6.2{\time}6.2mm^2$이었으며, 제작된 칩은 테스트 보드상에서 정성적 정량적인 측면에서 정상적으로 동작하는 것을 확인하였다. An MP3 encoder chip has been designed and fabricated with the hardware and software co-design concepts. In the aspect of the software. the calculation cycles of the distortion control loop. which requires most of the calculation cycles in MP3 encoding procedure. have been reduced to $67\%$ of the original algorithm through the 'scale factor Pre-calculation'. By using a floating Point 32 bit DSP core and designing the FFT block with the hardware. we can get the additional reduction of the calculation cycles in addition to the software optimization. The designed chip has been verified using HW emulation and fabricated via 0.25um CMOS technology The fabricated chip has the size of $6.2{\time}6.2mm^2$ and operates normally on the test board in the qualitative and quantitative aspect.

펄스변조의 듀티비 변경에 따른 DBD 대기압 플라즈마 특성 연구

박종인,황상혁,조태훈,윤명수,곽형신,진기남,전부일,최은하,권기청,Park, Jong-in,Hwang, Sang-hyuk,Jo, Tae Hoon,Yun, Myoung Soo,Kwak, Hyoung sin,Jin, Gi nam,Jeon, Buil,Choi, Eun Ha,Kwon, Gi-Chung 한국재료학회 2015 한국재료학회지 Vol.25 No.11

Atmospheric pressure plasma is used in the biological and medical fields. Miniaturization and safety are important in the application of apply atmospheric plasma to bio devices. In this study, we made a small, pocket-sized inverter for the discharge of atmospheric plasma. We used pulse power to control the neutral gas temperature at which the, when plasma was discharged. We used direct current of 5 V of bias(voltage). The output voltage is about 1 to 2 kilo volts the frequency is about 80 kilo hertz. We analyzsed the characteristics of the atmospheric plasma using OES(Optical emission spectroscopy) and the Current-Voltage characteristic of pulse power. By calculating of the current voltage characteristics, we were able to determine that, when the duty ratio increased, the power that actually effects the plasma discharge also increased. To apply atmospheric plasma to human organisms, the temperature is the most important factor, we were able to control the temperature by modulating the pulse power duty ratio. This means we can use atmospheric plasma on the human body or in other areas of the medical field.

사명대사의 밀양 표충비 땀 흘림(汗出)현상과 과학적 분석

박종인 ( Jong In Park ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2012 동아시아불교문화 Vol.12 No.-

경남 밀양시 무안면 弘濟寺내에 있는 表忠碑에서 국가 중대사가 있는 날에 맞춰 땀(또는 눈물)을 흘린다는 현상, 다시 말해 물방울이 맺히는 凝結現象을 우리는 어떻게 수용하고 이해해야 할까? 최첨단 과학기술시대를 사는 우리 현대인에게 있어 有意味한 미션이 아닐 수 없다. 그러나 다른 한편으론 이런 미미한 과학적 문제 하나 명쾌하게 해결하지 못하고, 수백 년 세월을 지나온 걸 생각하면 참으로 안타깝다는 생각도 든다. 그러면 表忠碑의 땀 흘림현상 진위실체는 과연 무엇일까? 지극히 自然的現象일까, 아니면 超自然的現象일까의 문제가 먼저 밝혀져야 한다. 그 다음 중요한 문제는 表忠碑가 땀을 흘리되 왜 하필이면 國運慶弔의 날에 맞춰 흘리는가 하는 의문이다. 모든 게 알 듯 말 듯, 믿어야 할지 말아야 할지 曖昧模糊하다. 그런 사이 진실은 수백 년 동안 베일 속2에 가려져 왔다. 우리는 그간 간직돼 온 그 神秘의 秘密, 또는 너무도 평범할 것 같은 자연현상을 첨단과학기술의 잣대로도 그 원인을 명쾌하게 밝혀내지 못하고 있다는 점이다. The purpose lies in resolving the question of whether the sweating phenomenon of PyochungBi is a natural phenomenon or a supernatural one as claimed by the residents through the supernatural power of Samyeng Daesa. Additionally, it is also important to clarify why the incidents have only taken place around domestically significant events. It is a fool`s attempt to swiftly yet clearly disclose the secrets kept for the last 270 years. It is virtually impossible to solve the problem more wisely without scientific experiments on actual “sweating” phenomena. Nevertheless, the main purpose of the explanation is to come near to the truth by studying the perception of people and attitude of the press on practicing science journalism. At first, the examinations on circumstantial conditions were conducted to determine whether the phenomenon can be seen as a supernatural phenomenon not natural. Advanced research and theoretical research on the relationship between advanced technology and supernatural phenomena, national and international supernatural phenomena, and mysteries, occults, and supernatural powers which cannot be explained by modern science were completed. In Chapter 3, all 63 cases of the sweating phenomenon over the last 118 years the research are analyzed in depth in terms of chronology, season, quantity of perspiration, climatic conditions, and relevance with national occasions. It includes in-depth comparisons of 64 pieces of media coverage by 13 central or local presses according to the media company, chronology, the nature and format of the report, and relevance with the national events. To increase the reliability of the thesis, a survey on 500 citizens of Busan and Miryang about their perception of the phenomenon was conducted and analyzed from different angles. Accordingly, this research integrated and analyzed ① the sweating phenomenon of the stele (63 times), ② analyses of media coverage about the phenomenon (64 pieces), and ③ the results of the awareness survey, and presents curiosities concerning Pyochung Bi, nature and perspective of media coverage, and problems as well as alternatives. In sum, the sweating phenomenon of Pyochung Bi has brought upon hope and despair as well as peculiar confusion and fluster in different aspects. Though given current climatic conditions, there seems to be ample evidence to prove it a natural phenomenon, it is hard to categorically exclude the possibility as a supernatural phenomenon. It still remains limit of contemporary science, and a problem to be solved.

LPG 확산화염내 매연입자의 전기적 특성 및 전기장에 의한 입자 크기 변화

박종인,지준호,황정호,Park, Jong-In,Ji, Jun-Ho,Hwang, Jeong-Ho 대한기계학회 1997 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.21 No.10

Electrical characteristics of soot particles in a LPG diffusion flame were studied for the control of soot particle coagulation. When a DC voltage was applied between two electrodes installed parallel to gas flow, ionic wind effect caused soot deposition on the cathode, implying that most of the soot particles were positively charged. Soot deposit on the cathode linearly increased and was saturated with respect to the strength of the applied voltage. The possibility of applying an AC voltage to enhance the particle coagulation was then investigated and the efficiency of the size control was checked with transmission electron microscope photographs. For the amplitude of 2 kV AC field, primary (spherical) soot particle size decreased from 30 ~ 40 nm to around 20 nm when the frequency of the applied AC voltage was 60 Hz and higher. Collisions between the soot particles in such a selected AC condition could lead to the formation of much bigger agglomerates of roughly 1-5 .mu.m in size.

강화학습을 활용한 다중 스펙트럼 채널 접근 기술에 대한 연구

박종인(Jong In Park),김건우(Gon Woo Kim),김지수(Ji Su Kim),최계원(Kae Won Choi) 대한전자공학회 2022 전자공학회논문지 Vol.59 No.1

802.11 무선 통신 환경에서는 다른 사용자와의 충돌을 회피하기 위해 CSMA/CA 방식의 채널 접근 기술을 사용한다. CSMA/CA방식은 충돌을 회피하기 위한 과정에서 채널 자원의 손실이 발생하게 되고 사용자가 밀집되고 많은 상황에서는 이러한 손실이 더 커지게 된다. 그러나 사용할 수 있는 채널 스펙트럼은 고정되어 있으므로 제한된 채널 자원에서 손실을 줄이는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 기존의 채널 접근 방식에서 충돌을 회피하기 위해 발생하는 채널 자원의 손실을 줄이기 위해 강화학습을 활용한 채널 접근 기술을 제시한다. 또한, 기존의 채널 접근 기술과 비교하여 성능을 확인하고 안정적인 채널 운용과 제한된 채널 자원을 효율적으로 사용할 수 있는 방향을 제안한다. In the 802.11 wireless communication environment, a CSMA/CA channel access technology is used to avoid collisions with other users. In the CSMA/CA method, loss of channel resources occurs in the process of avoiding collision, and in situations where users are concentrated and there are many, this loss becomes greater. However, since the available channel spectrum is fixed, it is important to reduce losses in limited channel resources. Therefore, this paper presents a channel approach technology using reinforcement learning to reduce the loss of channel resources generated to avoid collision in the existing channel approach. In addition, compared to the existing channel access technology, a direction in which performance can be checked and stable channel operation and limited channel resources can be efficiently used is proposed.

쓴메밀(Fagopyrum tataricum) 유전자원의 루틴 함량 비교

박병재(Byoung Jae Park),박종인(Jong In Park),장광진(Kwang Jin Chang),박철호(Cheol Ho Park) 한국자원식물학회 2005 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.18 No.2

아시아 지역에서 수집한 야생 쓴메밀의 종자 및 식물체 내의 루틴함량을 조사하였다. 쓴메밀은 종자 및 식물 전체부위에서 숙근메밀이나 단메밀보다 높은 루틴 함량을 나타냈다. 특히, 꽃은 숙근메밀의 2.2배, 단메밀의 9.5배, 줄기는 각각 3.1배와 24.9배, 종자는 3.2와 65배나 높았다. 3종에 대한 식물체 부위별 루틴함량은 모두 꽃>잎>종자>줄기>뿌리의 순으로 높았다. 종피색에 따른 루틴함량은 암회색>검은색>갈색, 회갈색 순의 경향을 나타냈으며, 종자의 형태는 Slender>Notched>Round 순으로 루틴함량이 높았다. 재배종은 야생종에 비해 루틴함량이 잎은 1.3배, 줄기가 1.4배, 종자가 1.2배의 높은 경향을 보였다. 부탄지역 수집품종은 잎, 줄기, 종자의 루틴함량이 다른 지역보다 높은 경향을 보였고, 슬로베니아 및 파키스탄지역 수집품종은 잎, 줄기에서, 인도 및 네팔지역 수집품종은 종자에서 가장 낮은 루틴함량의 경향을 보였다. This study carried out to compared a rutin content in seed and plant of tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum) to collect in the world. Rutin content in seed and plant parts of tartary buckwheat is higher than F. esculentum and F. cymosum. Rutin contents in plant parts of 3 species was higher with order of flower> leaf> seed> stem> root and that of tartary buckwheat was higher about 3.2 times in flower and about 3.1 times in stem and about 65 times in seed of F. esculentum. Compared to rutin contents for seed color and shape of tartary buckwheat 50 lines, seed color was higher with order of dark gray>black>brown and seed shape was higher with order of Slender> Notched> Round. Rutin content in plant parts of cultivated lines was higher than wild lines. Compared to rutin contents in plant parts of tartary buckwheat collected at the different region, Bhutan line had much higher than other lines. Rutin contents were lower than in the leaf and stem of Pakistan line and in the seed of India line.