한국남서해역의 해양환경과 와편모조류 시스트 분포 특성

박종식,윤양호,노일현,서호영,신현호,Park, Jong-Sick,Yoon, Yang-Ho,Noh, Il-Hyeon,Soh, Ho-Young,Shin, Hyeon-Ho 한국조류학회(藻類) 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.2

A field survey for dinoflagellate cysts was carried out from May 2000 to November 2002 for the Southwest Sea of Korea. A total dinoflagellate cysts identified were 33 species, which belonged to 17 genera, 31 species, and 2 unidentified species. A cysts density were 16-1,501 cysts-gdry$^{-1}$. The dominant species of dinoflagellate cysts in the Southwestern Sea of Korea were Spiniferites bulloideus and Scrippsiella trochoidea, which are autotrophic species. To investigate the environmental characteristics of the Southwestern Sea of Korea using the dinoflagellate cysts, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using the data collected from a total of 51 stations. From the score distribution map by the PCA, the Southwestern Sea of Korea was largely divided into three regions according to the first primary component and the second primary component. In other words, Group 1 was the western sea area of Mokpo and Jindo, Group 2 was the outer sea area of the South Sea, and Group 3 was the coastal areas of the South Sea around the Archipelago. It was found that this division of sea area was influenced by effects of the sea environment of the coastal areas of Korea. The coastal areas of Mokpo and Jindo that belong to Group 1 were affected by the cold Yellow Sea water. The outer sea area of the central parts of the South Sea that belong to Group 2, which is the boundary between the Southern coastal water of Korea and the Tsushima warm water, was subject to the formation of temperature fronts throughout the year, while Group 3 was affected by the coastal waters of Korea. It was also found that this division was in close relationship with the distribution of sediment facies in the bottom layer. From the above results, the environmental factors that influence the cyst distribution in he Southwestern Sea of Korea were found to include the eutrophication status of the sea area, the physical characteristics of the sea environment such as the flow of sea current and fronts, the sediment facies in the bottom layer, and the appearance volume of motile cells.

이사천 수계의 수질환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 분포 특성

박종식,정정조,윤양호,Park, Jong Sick,Cheong, Cheong-Jo,Yoon, Yang Ho 한국환경생물학회 2021 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.39 No.3

We analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of water quality and phytoplankton communities in the Isa Stream systems (ISS) from Sangsa Lake to Suncheon Bay. Sangsa Lake showed relatively oligotrophic and mesotrophic conditions, but the freshwater and mixed brackish water zones showed more severe eutrophication than Sangsa Lake and Suncheon Bay due to the influence of industrial waste such as livestock waste. In terms of the phytoplankton community, the number of phytoplankton species was higher in freshwater and mixed brackish water zones than in Sangsa Lake and Suncheon Bay, but the cell density and Chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) were relatively high in Sanga Lake and Suncheon Bay. In particular, the mesotrophic species Fragilaria crotonensis and Asterionella formosa showed different dominance in the surface and bottom layers, and the influence of A. formosa was significant in the freshwater and mixed brackish water zones in spring and summer. However, Skeletonema costatum-ls, a eutrophic indicator species, dominated in mixed brackish water zones to seawater in autumn and winter. Thus, the severe eutrophication and rapid environmental changes in the ISS could seriously damage the coastal ecosystem in Suncheon Bay. These ecosystem changes are threatening in terms of conservation and management of the UNESCO Suncheon Biosphere Reserve and Yeoja Bay including Suncheon Bay, which recorded the first Ramsar wetland in Korea. Therefore, further research is needed to establish an in-depth management plan. 상사호에서 순천만까지 짧은 수역 특성을 나타내는 이사천 수계(Isa Stream systems)의 수질 환경 및 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간 분포 특성을 분석하였다. 결과, 상사호는 상대적으로 빈영양 및 중영양 조건을 나타내지만, 순천만에 이루는 담수역과 기수역은 축산폐수 등 산업폐수의 영향으로 상사호 및 해수역보다 극심한 부영양상태를 나타내었다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 상사호와 순천만보다 담수역 및 기수역에서 출현 종수가 높았지만, 현존량 및 엽록소 a 농도는 상사호와 해수역에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 특히 봄과 여름 상사호는 중영양종인 Fragilaria crotonensis와 Asterionella formosa가 표층과 저층에서 서로 다른 우점 현상을 보이는 것으로 댐 하류의 담수역과 기수역에서는 A. formosa에 의한 영향이 크게 나타났다. 그러나 가을과 겨울은 기수역에서 해수역까지 부영양화 지표종인 Skeletonema costatum-ls가 극우점하였다. 즉 이사천 수계의 급격한 환경변화는 순천만 연안생태계 구조를 심각하게 훼손시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 급격한 연안생태계 변화는 한국 제1호 람사르습지인 순천만 및 순천 생물권보전지역 및 최대 꼬막 산지인 여자만의 효율적 이용과 관리, 그리고 보전이라는 측면에서 매우 위협적인 내용이기에, 더욱 심층적인 관리방안 도출이 요구된다고 할 수 있다.

한국 남해 가막만 입구해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집 변동 특성

박종식 ( Jong Sick Park ),윤양호 ( Yang Ho Yoon ),오석진 ( Seok Jin Oh ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.2

화태도 연안의 식물플랑크톤 변동 특성을 파악하기 위한 조사는 화태도 북부해역 1개 정점을 대상으로, 2005년 6월부터 2006년 6월까지 고수온기(≥20℃)에는 주1회, 저수온기(≤20℃)에는 격주로 실시하였다. 화태도 북부해역에서 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 총 77속 214종이 출현하였으며, 출현종수는 최저 27종(2006년 3월 15일)에서 최대 121종(2005년 8월 16일)으로 연중 출현종수의 변동이 매우 크게 나타났다. 연중 출현경향은 고수온기인 6월~9월 사이에 70종 이상의 높은 출현종수를 나타내었으나, 20℃ 이하로 수온이 내려가는 시기에는 40종 내외의 낮은 출현종수를 나타내었다. 연중 우점종은 Skeletonema costatum이며, 고수온기인 여름철에는 와편모조류인 Cochlodinium polykrikoides와 Polykrikos kofoidii, 저수온기에는 규조류인 Chaetoceros속인 C. curvisetus, C. debilis와 Eucampia zodiacus인 것으로 나타났다. 화태도 북부해역에에서 출현한 와편모조류 현존량은 표층에서는 최저 3.0×10(5) cells L-1 (2006년4월 17일)~최대 7.3×10(5) cells L-1 (2005년 8월 2일)를 나타내 시기별로 매우 큰 변동특성을 나타내었다. 저층에서는 1.5×10(3) cells L-1 (2005년 1월 9일)~최대 3.9×10(5) cells L-1 (2005년 8월 16일)로 나타나, 표층이 저층보다 큰 변동특성을 나타내었다. 현존량의 연중 출현경향은 종수와 마찬가지로 고수온기인 6월~9월 사이에 높은 현존량을 나타내었다. 우점종인 C. polykrikoides의 출현양상은 종속영양 편모조류인 P. kofoidii에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. In order to understand on the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in the mouth parts of Gamak Bay, Korea, we investigated from one station during June 2005 to June 2006. Samples were collected every week during the high water temperature (≥20℃), and every two weeks during the low water temperature (≤20℃). The phytoplankton community were composed of 76 genera, 208 species in the surface layer, and 72 genera, 186 species in the bottom layer (total: 77 genera, 214 species). The number of occurring species fluctuated greatly throughout the year from 27 species (March 15, 2006) to 121 species (Aug. 16, 2005). High number of species showed between June and September (>70 species), whereas the low number of species showed during the period of the low water temperature below 20℃ (ca. 40 species). The predominant species were diatom Skeletonema costatum during whole year, and two naked dinoflagellates, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Polykrikos kofoidii during high temperature seasons. However, centric diatoms, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Chaetoceros debilis and Eucampia zodiacus were dominant species during low temperature seasons. Standing crops of dinoflagellate showed great fluctuations, which were ranged from 3.0×10(5) cells L-1 (April 17, 2006) to 7.3×10(5) cells L-1 (Aug. 2, 2005) in the surface layer and from 1.5×10(3) cells L-1 (Nov. 9, 2005) to 3.9×10(5) cells L-1 (Aug. 16, 2005) in the bottom layer, and showed high during high temperature seasons such as the number of species. The fluctuations were greater in the surface layer than in the bottom layer. Moreover, the variation of Cochlodinium polykrikoides, is affected by Polykrikos kofoidii grazing.

와편모조류 시스트 분포에 의한 한국 남서해역의 해양환경 특성 2. 가막만 주상퇴적물중 유기물 및 와편모조류 시스트의 분포특성에 의한 해양환경변화 추정

박종식(Jong Sick Park),윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon),노일현(Il Hyeun Noh) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2004 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.7 No.4

남해중앙부해역의 표층퇴적물중 유기물과 와편모조류 시스트 분포

박종식 ( Jong Sick Park ),윤양호 ( Yang Ho Yoon ),노일현 ( Il Hyeon Noh ),서호영 ( Ho Young Soh ) 한국환경생물학회 2005 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.23 No.2

남해 중앙부해역의 해양환경특성을 파악하기 위해 표층 퇴적물중의 와편모조류 시스트와 유기물 분포에 대한 조사를 2002년 4월부터 2003년 1월까지 총 5회 실시하였다. 분석 항목 중 함수율, 강열감량, 화학적 산소요구량, 입자성 유기탄소, 입자성 유기질소. 식물색소량은 각각 38.7~68.9%, 3.9~12.5%, 9.60~44.05 mgO₂ gdry^(-1), 3.12~13.14 mgC gdry^(-1), 0.49~2.01 mgN gdry^(-1) 및 1.61~29.51 μg gdry^(-1) 범위로 나타났다. 시스트는 18속, 31종 2미동정으로 총 33종이 동정 되었으며, 우점종은 주로 독립영양종인 Spiniferites bulloideus와 Scrippsiella trocho-idea가 나타났으며 현존량은 42~2,880 cysts gdry^(-1) 범위로 출현하였다. 유기물 농도와 시스트 현존량은 연안해역보다 육상에서 멀리 떨어진 외해역에서 높게 나타났으며, 유기율 기원은 육상기원보다는 해역자체 생산에 의해 지배되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 주성분분석결과 4월과 7월 모두 제1주성분은 외해 유기물 집적을, 제2주성분은 시스트 출현량에 의해 집약되는 특성으로 판단 할 수 있었으며, 득점분포도에 의해 남해 중앙부 해역은 3개의 해역으로 나누어졌다. Field survey on the marine environmental characteristics by the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts and organic matter carried out bimonthly at 14 stations in the central parts of South Sea, Korea from April 2002 to January 2003. The range of environmental factors on surface sediments such as water content, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (CODs), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and phaeopigment were 38.7~68.9%, 3.9~12.5%, 9.60~44.05 mgO₂ gdry^(-1), 3.12~13.14 mgC gdry^(-1), 0.49~2.01 mgN gdry^(-1) and 1.61~29.51 μg gdry^(-1), respectively. A total dinoflagellate cysts identified were 33 species, which belonged to 18 genera, 31 species, and 2 unidentified species. A cysts density were 42~2,880 cysts gdry^(-1). The dominant species of dinoflagellate cysts were Spiniferites bulloideus and Scrippsiella trochoidea all the year and autotrophic species was more abundant than heterotrophic species. The organic matter and dinoflgellate cysts were more abundant nearshore than offshore, and the origin of organic matter was autochthonous rather than from terrestrial. The two factors derived from the loading factor of PCA. Factor 1 was accumulation of oragnic matter in the offshore, factor 2 was cysts abundance, and the central parts of Korean South Sea was separated with 3 regions by score distribution of PCA.

와편모조류 Cyst 분포에 의한 한국 남서해역의 해양환경 특성 - 1. 가막만 와편모조류 Cyst 의 시,공간적 분포

박종식 ( Jong Sick Park ),윤양호 ( Yang Ho Yoon ) 한국수산과학회 2003 한국수산과학회지 Vol.36 No.2

N/A Spatio-temporal distirbution of dinoflagellate cysts was monthly investigated at 6 stations in Gamak Bay, the southern Korea from April 2000 to April 2001. A total of 37 species of dinoflagellate cysts belonging to 22 genera were identified. The temporal changes of species number fluctuated with an annual mean of 8 species, I species at Stn. 6 in July in the middle Gamak Bay and 17 species at Stn. 2 in June southern Gamak Bay, but 11 to 20 species occurred in the northwestern Gamak Bay all the year round. The major species were Brigantedinium cariacoense, Brigantediniu, simplex, Brigantedinium spp., Protoperidinium americanum, Quinquecusphix concretum, Selenopemphix quanta, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Spiniferites bulloideus, Spiniferites spp., Stelladinium reidii, Votadinium carvum, and Polykrikos sp. of. kofoidii. The dominant species of dinoflagellate cysts was not evident in the over-all study areas, but in the northwestern Gamak Bay Brigantedinium spp. and Protoperidinium americanum were dominant (50.4~76.0%) during the study periods. Abundance of dinoflagellate cysts on the surface sediment in the Gamak Bay ranged from 21 cysts/g dry at Stn. 6 in July to 4,322 cysts/g dry at Stn. 4 in August with an annual mean of 688 cysts/g dry. Especially, the highest value occurred in the northwestern Gamak Bay. Heterotrophic species was more abundant than autotrophic species on the surface sediment. In particular, the former occurred in 75~94% in the northwestern Gamak Bay throughout the year. The northwestern area was very different from other area in species number, dominant species and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts. It is mainly due to water stagnation and eutrophication in the area. And the seasonal abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in Gamak Bay was inversely related to water temperature.

이른 봄 거문도 도내해의 해양환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집 분포특성

윤양호(Yang Ho YOON),박종식(Jong Sick PARK) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2008 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.17 No.2

We carried out a study on the marine environment, such as water temperature, salinity, density and chlorophyll a, and the distribution of phytoplankton community, such as species composition, dominant species and standing crops in the Donaehae of Geomundo, South Sea of Korea during early spring 2005. According to the analysis of a T-S diagram, two characteristics of water type were identified. The first was characterized by high temperature and low salinity in the surface layer influenced by freshwater run offs from Dongdo of Geomundo and the second by low temperature and high salinity in the surface to bottom layer appeared from the mixing waters in Donaehae of Geomundo. The thermocline was not formed at the intermediate depth. Chlorophyll a concentration was low values with it’s ranging from 0.75 ㎎/㎥ to 1.32 ㎎/㎥ in surface layer. The phytoplankton community in the surface was composed of a total of 35 species belonging to 26 genera. Dominant species were 2 centric diatoms, Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros debilis and 2 pennate diatoms, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Cylindrotheca closterium. Standing crops of phytoplankton in the surface layer were very low with cell density ranging from 0.8 to 12.0 × 103 cells/L. In the early spring, the phytoplankton community in Donaehae of Geomundo was showed very simple patterns in species composition, dominant species and the distribution of standing crops.

2005년 봄 한국서남해역 수도수도의 식물플랑크톤 군집분포 특성

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon),박종식(Jong Sick Park),서호영(Ho Yong Soh),정순범(Sun Beom Jeong),김용주(Yong Ju Kim),노일현(Il Hyeon Noh),박영균(Yeong Gyun Park) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2006 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.15 No.2

We carried out a study on the distribution of phytoplankton community, such as species composition, dominant species, standing crops and chlorophyll a in the Sudo Strait where located the southern parts of West Sea of Korea(Yellow Sea) in spring 2005. The phytoplankton community in the surface waters was a total of 64 species belonging to 38 genera. Standing crops of phytoplankton fluctuated between 14.0 x 103 cells/L and 48.5 x 103 cells/L. Dominant species were one species of centric diatom, Paralia sulcata with dominance 77.7%. Chlorophyll a concentration fluctuated between 1.95 ㎍/L and 5.17 ㎍/L in neap tide (3.58 ± 0.87㎍/L, Mean ±SD), 1.61 ㎍/L and 4.22 ㎍/L in spring tide (3.18 ± 0.60 ㎍/L). The distribution of phytoplankton community and biomass in the Sudo Strait of southern part of West Sea of Korea was controlled by the high concentration of seston weight and tidal currents.

여름 한국서남해역의 해양환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집분포

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon),박종식(Jong Sick Park),박영균(Yeong Gyun Park),노일현(Il Hyeon Noh) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2007 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.10 No.3

이른 여름 동중국해 북부해역의 해양환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집의 분포특성

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon),박종식(Jong Sick Park),서호영(Ho Young Soh),황두진(Doo Jin Hwang) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2005 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.8 No.2