울산연안 하천에서 다환방향족탄화수소 분포특성

유영석,이정훈,박정채,김동명,조현서,You, Young-Seok,Lee, Jeong-Hoon,Park, Jeong-Chae,Kim, Dong-Myung,Cho, Hyeon-Seo 해양환경안전학회 2012 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.18 No.5

PAHs(다환방향족탄화수소) 화합물은 연안역과 하구역에서 도시화와 산업활동 중 연소에 의하여 발생되어 주로 대기와 하천을 통하여 유입된다. 본 연구는 울산만으로 유입되는 하천과 하수처리장 배출수에서 PAHs 화합물의 분포특성을 평가하기 위해 2008년 갈수기인 6월과 풍수기인 8월에 수행되었다. 분석하기 위한 수시료는 울산만으로 유입되는 주요 8개 하천과 용연 하수처리장에서 채취하였다. 용존 PAHs 화합물의 농도범위와 평균값은 갈수기에 10.30~87.88(평균 39.39) ng/L, 풍수기에 10.30~69.57(평균 24.37) ng/L를 나타내었다. 용존 PAHs 화합물의 농도분포는 도심과 산업지역을 흐르는 궁천천에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 용존 PAHs 화합물의 유입부하량 범위와 평균은 갈수기에 0.04~8.27(평균 2.05) g/day, 풍수기에는 0.03~4.77(평균 1.61) g/day로 산정되었다. 유입부하량은 많은 유량과 도시 활동의 영향을 크게 받는 태화강에서 가장 많은 양을 나타내었다. PAHs 화합물의 조성 형태는 고분자량 PAHs 화합물보다는 저분자량 PAHs 화합물이 대부분을 차지하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 PAHs 화합물의 물리화학적 성질에 의한 것으로 다른 연구와 유사하게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 용존 PAHs 화합물의 농도는 다른 연구들의 결과보다 낮은 농도로 나타나 울산연안의 하천에서 PAHs 화합물의 오염정도가 심각하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in coastal area and estuary adjacent to urban area and industrial activities region are mainly introduced into marine environment via atmosphere and river. This study which is evaluated the distribution characteristics of PAHs discharge from rivers and sewage disposal water which flowing into Ulsan bay, and were carried out in Jun of dry season and in Auguest of wet season, 2008. The water samples from eight main rivers and Youngyeon WWTP(Wastewater Treatment Plant) flowed into Ulsan bay were taken for analysis of dissolved PAHs. The range and mean values of dissolved PAHs concentrations showed 10.30 to 87.88 ng/L, its mean 36.94 ng/L in dry season and 10.30 to 69.57 ng/L, its mean 24.37 ng/L in wet season. The distribution of dissolved PAHs showd the high concentrations in the Gungcheoncheon which is flowed from urban and industrial area. The ranges and means values of the loading fluxes were estimated with 0.04 to 8.27 g/day, its mean 2.05 g/day in dry season, and 0.03 to 4.77 g/day, its mean 1.61 g/day, in wet season. The loading flux showed the highest value in Taewha river due to the high flow rate and the urban activity. The composition patterns of dissolved PAHs compound showed most of the trend occupying low molecuar weight PAHs than high molecular weight PAHs. These results were due to physical and chemical characteristics of PAHs compound, and were similar to those of other studies. The concentrations of dissolved PAHs in this study are lower than those of other studies, and the level of PAHs pollution appeared to be not serious in reverine waters of Ulsan coast.

대복, Gomphina veneriformis의 기관계 구조에 미치는 카드뮴의 장기노출 영향

박정준(Jung Jun Park),임경훈(Kyeong Hun Lim),박정채(Jeong Chae Park),정선애(Sun Ae Jeong),곽인실(Inn Sil Kwak),조현서(Hyeon Seo Cho),신현출(Hyun Chool Shin),이정식(Jung Sick Lee) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2006 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.15 No.1

This study was performed to observe histological changes of the equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis exposed to cadmium. Mantle of the equilateral venus showed desertion of cilia in the early stage of exposure to cadmium, separation of fibromuscular layer and outer epidermal layer, extension of hemolymph sinus, disappearance of striated border and desertion of epithelium. In the gill, it was showed extension of hemolymph sinus in the early stage of exposure, increase of acid mucous cell and decrease of neutral mucous cell, desertion of cilia, separation of filaments, increase of acid mucous cell and disappearance of epidermal layer. Labial palp showed extension of hemolymph sinus, desertion of cilia, decrease of acid mucous cell, desertion of epithelium and disappearance of epidermal layer. Siphon was observed extension of hemolymph sinus in the early stage of exposure, activation of mucous cell, cutted muscle fiber bundle and disappearance of epidermal layer after desertion of epithelium. The equilateral venus just before death was impossible to be recovered to normal condition in mantle cavity organs, the longer of exposure time and the higher of concentration of cadmium. Above mentioned, the functional impediment was considered to occur by the histopathological conditions.

TBTCl의 저질 및 체내 축적에 따른 대복 Gomphina veneriformis 소화선의 조직학적 반응

박정준(Jung Jun Park),박정채(Jeong Chae Park),김성수(Seong-Soo Kim),조현서(Hyeon Seo Cho),이연규(Yeon Gyu Lee),이정식(Jung Sick Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2009 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study involves a relationship between butyltins concentrations and histopathological changes of the digestive gland in the equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis exposed to TBTCl of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ㎍/L for 36 weeks. In the sediment, total butyltin (∑BT) concentration was detected ND~7.54 (0.4 ㎍/L), ND~9.76 (0.6 ㎍/L), 1.22~13.13 ㎍/L (0.8 ㎍/L), respectively. Especially, TBT level in 0.8 ㎍/L group was the highest for 36 weeks. In the soft tissue, total butyltin (∑BT) concentration of the exposure group was 10.14~12.75 (control), 479.29~1,286.56 (0.4 μg/L), 563.32~2,154.82 (0.6 ㎍/L) and 1,317.70~2,132.60 ㎍/L (0.8 ㎍/L), respectively. Ratio of TBT to ∑BT of the tissue of 0.8 ㎍/L kept the lowest level for 36 weeks. The ∑BT concentrations of sediment were correlated with ∑BT concentrations in the tissue. In the exposure groups, necrosis and atrophy of columnar epithelial cell and collapse of epithelial layer in the digestive tubule. And there was a reduction in stain affinity of basophilic cell. Such histological degenerations was more severe in digestive tubule of 0.8 ㎍/L group.

득량만 북동내만해역의 해양수질 및 저질의 계절적변동특성에 관한연구

조현서(Cho Hyeon-Seo),조천래(Cho Chon-Rae),최민호(Choi Min-Ho),박정채(Park Jeong Chae) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2006 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

본 연구는 남해안에 위치한 반폐쇄성인 득량만의 북동내만해역에서 해양수질과 저질의 계절적 변동특성을 파악하기 위하여 수행하였다. 18개 정점에서 2005년 8월 24일부터 2006년 5월 25일까지 계절별로 총 4회에 걸쳐 수질과 저질에 대하여 조사를 실시하였다. 염분은 동일한 조사시기에 조석간에 차이는 거의 없었으며 담수유입에 따른 염분의 변동이 크게 나타났다. 부유물질(SS)의 분포는 계절에 따라 상당히 다른 양상을 보이고 있었다. 얕은 수심과 조류의 영향을 크게 받고 있어 일기에 따른 변화가 컸다. 용존산소(DO)는 대부분의 조사 해역에서 하계와 춘계는 Ⅱ등급, 추계와 동계는 Ⅰ등급의 수질을 나타냈다. 화학적 산소요구량(COD)은 국지적으로 높은 농도를 보이는 정점도 있었으나 전체적으로 약 정 ~In등급 수준의 수질을 나타냈다. 규산 규소는 전반적으로 동계에 가장 낮은 농도 분포를 보였으며, 하계에 가장 높은 농도분포를 보이고 있었다. 총질소(TN)는 동계에 낮은 특성을 다른 조사시기에는 Ⅲ 등급 전후의 수질을 보여 질소의 농도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 총인(TP)의 경우 하계에 최고 농도를 보였으며, 전 조사시기를 통해 대부분의 조사 해역에서 Ⅱ~Ⅲ 등급의 수질을 보였다. 산휘발성황화물(AVS)은 몇몇 지점을 제외하고 거의 모든 정점에서 수산생물의 성장에 영향을 미친다는 0.2 ㎎/g-dry를 초과하는 농도분포를 보였으나 저질의 오염 기준치인 1 ㎎/g 이상(일본수산자원보호협회편, 1980)보다는 대부분의 해역에서 기준보다 낮은 분포를 보였다. 퇴적물의 화학적 산소요구량(COD)은 하계와 추계 조사시에 다소 높은 평균값을 보였으나 하계 조사시에는 상대적으로 10~15 ㎎/g-dry 전후의 낮은 농도분포를 나타내고 있었다.

시화호 해수 및 유입하천수 중 PFCs의 농도 분포

저현서(Cho Hyeon-Seo),강조해(Kang Jo-Hae),조천래(Cho Chon-Rae),박정채(Park Jeong Chae),이대인(Lee Dae-In) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2006 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

시화호내ㆍ외해수와 유입되는 하천수 중 PFCs의 농도분포를 2005년 11월에 채취한 시료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 시화호의 표층수, 저층수 및 유입하천수 중의 농도는 perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS)가 ND~0.8, 0.3~0.5, 1.8~35.9 ng/L, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)는3 3.6~11.6, 3.6~8.1, 5.8~253.2 ng/L, perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA)는 ND~0.5, ND~0.4, 0.3~2.7 ng/L, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)는 ND~3.5, ND~0.6, ND-125.0 ng/L, pefluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)는 ND~3.3, ND~0.7, 0.7~405.5 ng/L의 범위로 각각 검출되었다. 전반적으로 PFOS와 PFOA가 전체 PFCs에서 상대적으로 높았으며, 지역별로는 시화호로 유입되는 하천수 중 산업단지부근에 위치한 L1~L5 지점에서 다른 조사지점의 농도에 비해 상대적으로 매우 높은 농도를 보였다. Water samples collected from the surface and bottom layer of Sihwa lake, and the inflow stream water around Sihwa lake were analyzed to determine the concentration of PFCs on November, 2005. Ranges of concentrations of perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS) in seawater of the surface and bottom layer of Sihwa lake and the inflow stream water around Sihwa lake were ND-0.8, 0.3~0.5 and 1.8~35.9 ng/L, respectively. Those of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were 3.6~11.6, 3.6~8.1, 5.8~253.2 ng/L, perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) were ND~0.5, ND~0.4, 0.3~2.7 ng/L, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were ND~3.5, ND~0.6, ND~125.0 ng/L, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were ND~3.3, ND~0.7, 0.7~405.5 ng/L, respectively. Dominant compounds of PFCs were PFOS and PFOA. Concentrations in site(L1~L4) of inflow stream located on the industrial complex were higher than the values of seawater and the others stream.

우리나라 연안의 해수 중 유기주석화합물 오염에 관한 연구

조현서(Hyeon Seo Cho),장성원(Sung Won Jang),최민호(Min Ho Choi),박정채(Jeong Chae Park),박정준(Jung Jun Park),신현출(Hyun Chool Shin),임경훈(Kyeong Hun Lim),곽인실(Inn Sil Kwak),정선애(Sun Ae Jeong),이정식(Jung Sick Lee) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2006 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.15 No.2

Organotin compounds are one of the most widely used antifouling agent to prevent adherence of sedentary organisms to ship hull and other structural surfaces immersed in seawater. Major source of organotin compounds released to marine environment is via uses as antifouling paints for ships and cultivating nets. Organotin, in particular tributyltin(TBT) and triphenyltin( TPT) are considered to be dangerous chemicals because of their deleterious effects on non-target marine organisms. Since their adverse effects on oyster farmings near marina were revealed, a series of studies have demonstrated that organotin compounds are highly toxic towards marine organisms. In this study, the concentrations of six organotin compounds, such as TBT, TPT and their motabolites, in seawater collected at the coast were determined. Seawater were collected at several sites on the coastal area of Korea. The dibutyltin(DBT) and tributyltin compounds were detected in almost seawater samples analyzed. DBT was higher than other organotin species in the mean concentration of 14.35 ( ng/L) in seawater. The contamination levels of butyltin compounds in coastal seawater were highly detected around harbour of South and East coast than West coast. The results indicated substantial contamination along the coast of Korea in which the butyltin levels were comparable to those reported from other oversea coastal areas.

노력도 주변해역의 해양수질 및 저질환경 특성

유영석(Young Seok YOU),최민호(Min Ho Choi),강조해(Jo Hae KANG),박정채(Jeong Chae Park),조현서(Hyeon Seo CHO) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2011 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.19 No.-

This study was carried out the characteristics of the seasonal fluctuation of water quality and sediment environment from November to December, 2000 around Noryeog-do, located in the southwest part of korea. In the survey of seawater quality, suspended solid(SS) was shown in the range of 10.29~45.00 mg/L and was the highest value in bottom layer in November. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations were in the range of 8.14~10.04 mg/L, 0.12~4.53 mg/L, respectively. DO concentration showed a little of fluctuation range at layer of each time of survey, but COD concentration appeared the highest value at the surface layer in December. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) showed more highly concentration in November than December, and it showed more highly mean value of 1.29 ㎍-at./L at the surface layer in November. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIP) showed a little of fluctuation range at each layer of investigated season. N/P ratios were lower than 15 of Red field ratio in the whole area with the range of 1.45~19.18. It means that nitrogen is more controlling constituent than phosphorous in the growth of phytoplankton. In the survey of sediment environment, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) are in the range of 4.63~7.62%, 8.88~ 41.47mg O2/g-dry and 0.04~3.94mg S/g-dry, respectively.