태계(太谿)(K3) 전침자극(電針刺戟)이 fMRI상 뇌활성변화(腦活性變化)에 미치는 영향

박기영,이병렬,이현,임윤경,홍권의,김연진,Park, Ki-young,Lee, Byung-ryul,Lee, Hyun,Yim, Yun-kyoung,Hong, Kwon-eui,Kim, Yun-jin 대한침구의학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objective : Recently, many studies have showed the evidences of the effect of acupuncture treatment through scientific methods. We performed electro-acupuncture on Taixi(K3) and observed the change of brain activity using fMRI. Methods : To see the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Taixi(K3), the experiment was carried out on twelve healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body fMRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on K3, 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. Result & Conclusions : Unilateral electro-acupuncture stimulation on K3 increased the brain activity in Brodman Area 8, 6, 9, 13, 21, 22, 38, 40, 43, 2, 5, 10, 20, 24, 32, 34, 37, 39, 41, 42. and decreased the brain activity in Brodman Area 9, 13, 38, 22, 31, 3, 6, 10, 21, 25, 29, 30. Group Averaged Brain activity induced by Unilateral Electro-acupuncture Stimulation on K3 was increased in Brodman Area 10, 22, 42, 43, 44 and was decreased inn Brodman Area 6 and pyrogen test of Bee venom. Bilateral electro-acupuncture stimulation on k3 increased the brain activity in Brodman Area 22, 3, 19, 4, 13, 17, 21, 41, 42, 2, 5, 6, 7, 18, 23, 29, 30, 31, 40 and decreased the brain activity in Brodman Area 18, 6, 39, 4, 13, 2, 10, 19, 36, 40, 45, 46, 47. Group Averaged Brain activity induced by Bilateral Electro-acupuncture Stimulation on K3 was increased in Brodman Area 22, 13, 4, 3, 29, 38, 43 and was decreased in Brodman Area 18, 3, 19, 22, 39. Motor Stimulation activated Brodmann Area 6, 43, 18.

축산폐수 고도처리를 위한 미세조류 Scenedesmus acuminatus의 이용 가능성

박기영,임병란,이기세,이수구,Park, Ki-Young,Lim, Byung-Ran,Lee, Ki-Say,Lee, Soo-Koo 한국농공학회 2011 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.53 No.1

The green algae Scenedesmus acuminatus was cultured in different media: animal wastewater and an artificial culture medium in order to evaluate potential use for tertiary treatment. The experiments were conducted with air flowrate 1~2 L/min at $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The nitrogen and phosphorus showed very similar removal efficiencies (68~77 % and 69~80 % for nitrogen and phosphorus respectively). The optimal fed period was estimated as three days in the semi-continuous experiment. The effects of $CO_2$ (4.5 %) injection on nutrient uptake from animal wastewater (biological treatment effluent) were compared to an air injection under the same conditions of light and photoperiod. The uptake rates of nutrient with air injection were observed 0.009 gN/gChl-a/day, 0.028 gN/gChl-a/day and T-P 0.003 gP/gChl-a/day for nitrate, total nitrogen and phosphorus respectively. The rates were enhanced by addition of $CO_2$ to 0.026 gN/gChl-a/day, 0.076 gN/gChl-a/day and T-P 0.018 gP/gChl-a/day. This study establishes that $CO_2$ addition during nutrient deprivation of microalgal cells may accelerate tertiary wastewater treatment.

치은퇴축과 상아질 지각과민증의 빈도와 분포에 대한 임상적 연구

박기영,김성조,최점일,이주연,Park, Ki-Young,Kim, Sung-Jo,Choi, Jeom-Il,Lee, Ju-Youn 대한치주과학회 2006 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.36 No.1

Gingival recession is clinically manifested by an apical displacement of the gingival tissue and dentin hypersensitivity is often used to describe a painful condition in which exposed dentin is unduly sensitive to intraoral stimuli. The objects of this study were primarily to investigate the prevalence and distribution of gingival recession and hypersensitivity and secondarily to determine whether a relationship exists between gingival recession and hypersensitivity. The study population was 195 patients (102 males, 93 females) who were attended the department of periodontology, Pusan National University Hospital. 189 patients exhibited gingival recession at least more than 1 tooth, the prevalence was 96.9%. The maxillary and mandibular first premolar and mandibular incisors had the highest prevalence. The majority of patients (139 patients, 71.3%) were diagnosed as having dentin hypersensitivity. Dentin hypersensitivity was determined to 3 seconds application of cold air to the exposed root surface after isolating the test tooth and was commonest in maxillary and mandibular first premolars and mandibular incisors. Relationship between recession and hypersensitivity was analyzed using chi-square test (p=0.05), significant relation (p=0.000) was existed. Gingival recession was more severe, the prevalence of hypersensitivity was higher.

AMP-activated Protein Kinase 활성체인 Metformin의 모발 성장에 미치는 영향

문혜림 ( Hye-rim Moon ),박기영 ( Ki-young Park ),강현지 ( Hyun Ji Kang ),이우진 ( Woo Jin Lee ),원종현 ( Chong Hyun Won ),장성은 ( Sung Eun Chang ),이미우 ( Mi Woo Lee ),최지호 ( Jee Ho Choi ),박경훈 ( Gyeong-hun Park ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회지 Vol.57 No.4

Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a pivotal role in the balance of cellular energy metabolism. Recent studies have reported that AMPK has numerous roles in physiological conditions, and dysregulation of AMPK induces pathological processes and diseases. However, the role of AMPK and its activators have not yet been studied in the context of hair growth regulation. Objective: To investigate the effects of metformin on dermal papilla (DP) and outer root sheath (ORS) cells, as well as the role of the AMPK pathway in hair growth. Methods: We evaluated whether metformin, a well-known AMPK activator, had any beneficial effects on hair growth. In addition, to evaluate the molecular and cellular mechanisms that were involved, protein levels of AMPK and β-catenin were analyzed. Results: Metformin increased the cellular proliferation of human DP and ORS cells. Ki-67 expression was also significantly increased after metformin treatment in the ex vivo hair follicle organ culture. Furthermore, DP and ORS cells treated with metformin had a significant increase in AMPK phosphorylation, which in turn suppressed β-catenin degradation and enhanced its nuclear accumulation. Conclusion: We demonstrated that metformin promoted hair growth via the AMPK/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro with DP and ORS cells. The hair-promoting effects of AMPK activators may potentially be used for the treatment of alopecia, and further investigation will be needed in the future. (Korean J Dermatol 2019;57(4):175∼ 181)

체외수정 시술 후 발생된 병합임신 1 례

박기영(Ki Young Park),이영(Young Lee),송지민(Ji Min Song),류진희(Jin Hee Yoo),박철훈(Cheol Hoon Park),고영미(Young Me Koh),김홍기(Heung Ki Kim),김창이(Chang Yee Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.8

The simultaneous existence of intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies is known as a heterotopic pregnancy. Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy is a rare event although its incidence has increased since the recent development of treatment of infertile women with ovulation induction or in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET).The theoretical rate of this condition was estimated to be approximately 1 in 30,000 pregnancies. The early diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy is very difficult . So there is a high maternal morbidity and fetal loss. We reported a IVP - ET patient resulting in the successful delivery of live infant at 35weeks of gestational age from intrauterine pregnancy following surgical removal of ruptured concurrent extrauterine pregnancy.

Candida utilis를 이용한 furfural 함유 식품가공 폐수의 처리

박기영(Ki-Young Park),정진영(Jin-Young Jung) 한국생물공학회 2003 KSBB Journal Vol.18 No.4

열처리한 하수슬러지 메탄발효의 동력학적 해석

박기영 ( Ki Young Park ),이재우 ( Jae Woo Lee ),정태학 ( Tai Hak Chung ) 한국물환경학회 2007 한국물환경학회지 Vol.23 No.6

David G. Benner의 기독교상담 성향 연구

박기영 ( Ki Young Park ) 한국복음주의신학회 2015 성경과신학 Vol.74 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 데이비드 베너(David G, Benner)의 기독교상담 성향을 분석한 후에 그가 관심을 가졌던 전략적 목회상담과 영성지도를 고찰해 보는데 있다. 연구자는 기독교상담 성향을 결정하는 요인을 성경관, 인간이해, 정신병리, 그리고 심리학 개방성이라고 보았으며, 그의 기독교상담 성향은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 성경관: 성경은 기독교상담의 중요한 치료적 요소이기는 하지만 유일한 것은 아니다. 2. 인간이해: 인간은 심리영적 존재이므로 기독교상담자는 전인적인 인간이해를 해야 한다. 3. 정신병리: 심리적 장애물의 뿌리는 죄이며, 이는 영적 성숙과도 관련되어 있다. 4. 심리학개방성: 심리학은 신학과 더불어 인간을 온전히 돕는데 관심을 같이하므로 신학과 심리학의 통합이 필요하다. 베너의 전략적 목회상담은 체계적인 상담과정이기는 하지만, 상담회기를 5회로 제한을 했다는 점과 내담자가 말하기 곤란한 부분인 감정, 생각, 행동들에 대한 언급을 하지 않고, 문제 해결에 초점을 맞추었다는 점에서 심층 심리치료 상담에는 한계가 있다. 또한 베너는 목회상담과 영성지도를 심리치료와 통합하려고 시도하면서 영성지도와 목회상담, 그리고 영성지도와 심리치료와의 차이를 분명하게 구분한 것은 매우 의미 있는 일이라고 할 수 있다. 요약컨대 베너의 기독교(목회)상담은 심리학적 전문성과 성숙한 신앙인격을 가진 상담자가 내담자로 하여금 성령의 인도하심가운데 하나님의 사랑을 느끼도록 할 때 진정한 변화가 가능하다고 보는 통합적 상담을 지향하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic pastoral counselling and spiritual guidance in which David G. Benner had interest after examination of his christianity counselling tendency. The performer of this study recognized that the factors which decide the christianity counselling propensity are view on the bible, understanding of human, psychopathology and psychological openness, and his christianity counselling propensity is as below. 1. View on the Bible: The bible is important therapeutic factor of the christianity counselling, but it is not the only factor. 2. Understanding of Human: The christianity counsellor must understand holistic human, because the human is psychological and spiritual being. 3. Psychopathology: the root of psychological obstacle is sin, and it is related to spiritual maturity. 4. Psychological Openness: The aim of both of psychology and theology is to help human as a whole, so the unity of psychology and theology is needed. And while examination of the core part of Benner`s strategic pastoral counselling and spiritual guidance, and confirmed the characteristic of spiritual guidance, and difference of the psychotherapy and pastoral counselling, and spiritual guidance, and examined what the spiritual leader is supposed to prepare and his role. The characteristic of Benner`s christianity counselling was estimated in conclusion. The abstract of the characteristic is first, based on the bible, though he used general revelation like dream actively. Second, he focused on human as much as knowledge about the God. Third, he takes the psychological technology as important but he rather emphasized on administration of the Holy Ghost and the love of God for the client`s true change.

교회상담소 설치에 관한 목회자 인식연구 -예수교대한성결교회 목회자를 대상으로-

박기영 ( Ki Young Park ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2016 복음과 상담 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 교회상담소 설치에 관한 목회자의 인식에는 어떤 차이가 있으며, 교회상담소 활성화에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 예수교대한성결교회 목회자 191명을 대상으로 질문지법을 사용하여 분석하고 검증하였다. 본 연구의 분석은 SPSSWIN 21.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 주요 통계기법은 빈도분석, t-test와 일원변량분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 상담소 설치 필요성에 대한 인식에서는‘교회의 위치’에 따른 요인에서만 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, ‘교회 상담사역현황’에 따른 상담소 설치 필요성에 대한 인식에서는 모든 요인(교회 상담부서 유무, 교회상담소 설치 유무, 상담실 공간 여건, 평신도 상담사역 자원 유무, 성도의 상담요청 빈도에 관한 문항)이 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 교회 상담사역 인식에 따른 상담소 설치 필요성의 인식에서는‘상담사역이 교회부흥에 미치는 영향’과‘상담소 운영 계획이 없는 이유’에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 교회상담소 설치의 활성화를 위해서는 이에 대한 목회자의 긍정적 인식의 전환이 가장 필요하며 이밖에도 상담소 설치를 위한 여건의 확보와 평신도 전문상담자 양성이 우선적으로 필요하다고 하겠다. The purpose of this study is to examine the pastors’ cognition about the installation of a church counselling office. This survey research was performed and analyzed on 191 pastors of the Jesus Korea Sungkyul Church for this purpose. The result confirmed by the study is as below. First, in the difference of the necessity of the installation of the counselling office due to the demographic characteristic, the difference of the necessity of the installation of the church counselling office due to a ‘church location’ has meaningful difference, but there is no difference due to other factors. Second, in the difference of a installation of the church counselling office due to ‘the current state of the church counselling ministry’, there is a meaningful difference for all items. Third, in the difference of the necessity of the installation of the counselling office due to the recognition on the church counselling ministry, both ‘the influence of the counselling ministry for the church revival’ and ‘the reason that is no plan for the counselling office’ have meaningful difference. As a conclusion, to activate the pastoral counselling, we could say it is needed the positive cognition of pastors about the installation of the church counselling office, and to train professional lay counsellors first of all.

심리학 개방성에 따른 기독교상담의 성향

박기영 ( Park Ki Young ) 한국복음주의 기독교상담학회 2007 복음과 상담 Vol.8 No.-

기독교상담은 상담자의 신학적, 심리학적 배경에 따라서 그 성향이 다르며, 기독교상담의 성향을 결정짓는 요인도 다양하다. 본 연구에서는 기독교상담의 성향을 결정하는 요인 가운데 하나로 상담자의 심리학에 대한 개방성으로 보았다. 본 연구자는 기독교상담자의 심리학 개방성에 따라 기독교상담의 유형을 다음과 같이 다섯 가지 유형으로 분류했다. 첫째, 개방유형이다. 이는 상담자가 심리학에 대해서 열린 자세를 취하기 때 문에 기독교상담에서 성경이나 신학적인 자료를 활용하는 데는 관심이 없다. 심리학을 신뢰한다는 측면에서 인본주의적이며, 기독교상담이라고 하기에는 무리가 있다. 둘째, 수용유형이다. 이는 상담자가 심리학을 받아들이되 기독교 상담에서 성경신학적인 원리를 무시하지 않는다. 그러나 성경신학적인 면보다 는 심리학에 대해서 좀더 선호하는 경향이 있으나, 개방유형보다는 보수적이 다. 셋째, 분리유형이다. 이는 기독교상담에서 신학의 영역과 심리학의 영역을 분리하고, 이 두 가지 측면을 동등하게 여기는 입장이다. 이러한 입장은 신학 과 심리학의 공통영역을 어떻게 해결해야 할 것인가에 대한 문제에 대해서 모 호하다. 넷째, 여과유형이다. 이는 성경신학적인 입장에서 심리학을 검증하여, 활용 가능한 심리학적 결과만을 기독교상담에서 활용한다. 이러한 입장은 대부 분의 복음주의적 견해로써, 다양한 일반심리학을 어떻게 검증할 것인가의 문제 가 과제로 남는다. 다섯째, 폐쇄유형이다. 이는 성경만으로 내담자의 모든 문제를 충분히 해결할 수 있다고 보기 때문에 굳이 심리학의 도움을 필요로 하지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에 심리학에 대해서 닫힌 자세를 취하는데, 일반은총으로써의 심리학을 거부하는 약점이 있다. 이상의 내용을 종합해 볼 때 기독교상담자의 심리학 개방성은 상담자의 신 학적 성향과 상호연관성이 있다. 즉 기독교상담자가 신학적으로 진보적일수록 심리학에 대해서 개방적이며, 보수적일수록 심리학에 대해서 폐쇄적인 견해를 보인다. 결론적으로 복음주의 입장의 기독교상담은 심리학을 신학적인 검증을 거쳐서 활용해야하며, 무조건적으로 거부해서는 안 된다고 본다. 복음주의적 기독교상담자는 발견된 진리로써의 심리학을 잘 활용할 뿐만 아니라, 신학과 심리학의 효율적인 통합을 위해서 지속적인 연구활동을 해야 할 것이다. This researcher is to clarify that Christian counseling varies according to counselor`s theological & psychological background. This researcher presumed that openness of psychology is a major factor that represents the tendency of Christian Counseling. Results from this research are as follows: Counselor`s psychological openness is one of the important factors which decides Christian Counseling tendency. Tendency of Christian Counseling in accordance with openness of psychology of Christian Counsellor was classified into 5 types. First, opened type. Christian Counsellor makes best use of reference materials for psychology in counseling, and adopts very open posture to psychology. And they are unconcerned with using the Bible & the theological resources. Second, accepted type. This is a standpoint not to lose an identity of Christian Counseling, whilst admitting psychology. But, They take a little more conservative posture than opened type. Third, separated type. They hold a position to separate the area of expertise, whilst they approve theology and the authority of psychology on equal term. Fourth, filtered type. They use the topics that would not turn out to be the problem connected with Bible after having filtered psychology by means of theology. Evangelical Counselors take this type. Fifth, closed type. They adopt a closed posture toward psychology. They don`t need psychological assistance any more, because they believe that only the Bible can solves counselee`s problem enough. Taken above research results together, Christian Counsellors should know their own tendency toward theology, and openness of psychology. In Conclusion, The evangelical view of Christian counseling is to use the psychological resources filtered theologically, not reject it unconditionally. Also, when conducting counseling having established counseling skills based on such a type they will be able to provide for efficient helps to clients.