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소풍산(消風散) 추출물이 수동 피부 아나팔락시스(1형 알러지 피부염)에 미치는 효과
류지철,이재근,구세광,지선영,Ryu, Ji-Chul,Lee, Jae-Geun,Ku, Sae-Kwang,Jee, Seon-Young 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2009 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.22 No.3
Purpose : The objective of present study is to detect the effect of Sopungsan aqueous extracts (SPS) on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA; type I allergic dermatitis) Method : 500, 250 and 125mg/kg of SPS were orally administered 12 hr-interval before antigen challenge (total 4 times administered). PCA reactions were induced using rat anti-ovalbumin (OVA) serum contain IgE (titer 1:32) as sensitization and OVA as antigen challenge. 30 min after antigen challenge, the diameter of blue-dye spots (evans blue) and leaked amount of dye were observed with histology and histomorphometry at the PCA induced sites. In addition, serum total IgE and histamine levels were also observed by ELISA, respectively. The effects of SPS were compared with dexamethasone 1mg/kg treated rats in the present study. Results : As results of PCA reaction, vasodilation related increase of diameter of blue-dye spot and amount of leaked dye were observed with swelling and edematous changes in the dermis of PCA induced sites. However, these changes on PCA reactions were dramatically and dose-dependently decreased by treatment of SPS as compared with vehicle control. In addition, serum elevations of IgE and histamine were also dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of SPS as compared with vehicle control respectively. The effects of SPS 500mg/kg were similar to that of dexamethasone 1mg/kg in the present study. Conclusion : Base on the results of the present study, it is concluded that SPS has favorable effect on the PCA-induced allergic dermatitis, and SPS 500mg/kg showed similar favorable effects as compared with dexamethasone 1mg/kg. The present findings demonstrate that SPS can be effective for the prevention and treatment of allergic dermatitis.
SWAT-REMM Enhanced 버전을 이용한 수변림 설치에 따른 비점오염 저감 특성 분석
류지철 ( Ji-chul Ryu ),조재필 ( Jae-pil Cho ),김익재 ( Ik-jae Kim ),문유리 ( Yu-ri Mun ),곽종경 ( Jongkyoung Kwak ),문종필 ( Jong-pil Moon ),김남원 ( Namwon Kim ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ) 한국농공학회 2009 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2009 No.-
유역내 비점오염 부하량의 증가로 인하여 그동안 수질 개선을 위한 많은 노력이 진행되어 왔다. 비점오염 저감을 위한 여러 가지 최적관리 기법중 수변림 조성이 그 대안으로 거론되고 있으나, 현재 수변림 조성에 따른 수질 개선 효과 평가 방법의 부재로 유역내 어느 곳에 어떠한 식생을 조성해야 할지 정확한 판단을 하기 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 캐나다에서 SWAT-REMM Prototype 버전이 개발되었으나, 다른 유역에 적용하기에는 여러 가지 문제점을 나타내고 있다. 또한 SWAT-REMM Prototype 버전은 소하천내 모든 유역내 수변림을 조성한다는 가정하에 수변림 조성에 따른 수질개선효과를 모의 분석하는데 활용될 수 있는 한계가 있어, 최근에 국내 연구진에 의해서 이러한 점을 개선한 SWAT-REMM Enhanced 버전이 개발되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 개선된 SWAT-REMM Enhanced 버전을 이용하여 수변림 조성에 따른 수질 개선 효과를 모의 분석하였다. 수변림 조성은 1차 하천과 최고 차수 하천을 폭을 다르게 하여 수변림을 조성한다고 가정하였다. 그 결과 상당량의 비점오염 물질이 하천으로 유입되기 전 설치된 수변림에 의해서 저감되는 것으로 모의 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 모의된 수변림 조성 시나리오는 현실적으로 조성하기 어려운 지역도 있기 때문에 실현 가능한 수변림 조성시나리오별 조성비용 및 수질개선효과에 대한 분석을 통해 친환경적이면서 경제적인 수변림 조성시나리오를 결정하는데 SWAT-REMM Enhanced 버전이 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
연구논문 : 오염총량관리제의 시공간적 미래 토지이용 변화분석을 위한 CLUE-S 모델의 적용 및 평가
류지철 ( Ji Chul Ryu ),안기홍 ( Ki Hong Ahn ),한미덕 ( Mi Deok Han ),황하선 ( Ha Sun Hwang ),최재완 ( Jae Wan Choi ),김용석 ( Young Seok Kim ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2014 한국물환경학회지 Vol.30 No.4
The purpose of this study is to predict the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and to evaluate land-based pollutant loads in the future under Total Water Pollution Load Management System using CLUE-S model. For these ends, sensitive parameters of conversion elasticities in CLUE-S model were calibrated and these calibrated parameters of conversion elasticities, level II land cover map of year 2009, and 7 driving factors of land use changes were used in predicting future land uses in 2002 with two scenarios(Scenario 1: non area restriction, Scenario 2: area restriction). This projected land use map of 2020 was used to estimate land-based pollutant loads. It was expected that urban areas will increase in 2020 from both scenarios 1 and 2. In Scenario 1, urban areas are expected to increase within greenbelt areas and deforest would be expected. Under Scenario 2, these phenomena were not expected. Also the results of estimation of BOD and TP pollutant loads, the BOD difference between scenarios 1 and 2 was 719 kg/day in urban areas and TP difference was 17.60 kg/day in urban areas. As shown in this study, it was found that the CLUE-S model can be useful in future pollutant load estimations because of its capability of projecting future land uses considering various socio-economic driving factors and area-restriction factors, compared with conventionally used land use prediction model.
L-THIA모형을 이용한 수질오염총량관리제 토지계 T-P 발생부하량 산정방식의 개선
류지철(Ji Chul Ryu),김은정(Eun Jung Kim),한미덕(Mi Deok Han),김용석(Young Seok Kim),금동혁(Dong Hyuk Kum),임경재(Kyoung Jae Lim),박배경(Bae Kyung Park) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.3
본 연구에서는 수질오염총량제의 토지계 발생부하량 산정 방식에서의 지목 단순화로 인한 불확실성을 분석하고, 23개 중분류 토지피복도를 기존 산정방식에 적용하여 지목 확장을 할 수 있도록 개선하였으며 이를 L-THIA 모형을 이용하여검증하였다. 진위천 유역에 대하여 지목이 단순화된 기존 방식(시나리오 1)과 23개 중분류 토지피복도를 이용한 방식(시나리오 2)으로 산정된 TP 부하량을 비교한 결과 기존 방식의 불확실성이 높다는 것이 나타났으며, 시나리오 2에 의한 분석 결과같은 대지 분류에 속하는 토지피복들에서 T-P 발생부하량의 편차가 3.45 kg/day~56.69 kg/day로 약 16배의 차이를 보였다. 시나리오 2를 수질오염총량제에 적용할 수 있도록 23개 중분류 토지피복을 지적도 기반 지목으로 매칭하여 TP 발생부하량을산정하였다(시나리오 3). 개선된 방식(시나리오 3)의 토지계 T-P 발생부하량 산정의 정확도를 검증하기 위해 L-THIA 모형의결과와 비교하였으며 모형 예측 대비 약 10% 정도로 차이가 매우 적게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 향후 수질오염총량제의 토지계 발생부하량 산정의 정확도를 높이는데 있어 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다. In this study, the uncertainty analysis of present land pollutant load estimation with simplified land category in TMDLs was performed and the enhanced method for land pollutant load estimation with level II land cover consisting of 23 categories was suggested, which was verified by L-THIA model. For land TP load estimation in Jinwi stream basin, the result of comparison between existing method with simplified land category (Scenario 1) and enhanced method with level II land cover (Scenario 2) showed high uncertainty in existing method. TP loads estimated by Scenario 2 for land covers included in the site land category were in the range of 3.45 to 56.69 kg/day, in which TP loads differed by sixteen times as much among them. For application of scenario 2 to TMDLs, Land TP loads were estimated by matching level II land cover to 28 land categories in serial cadastral map (Scenario 3). In order to verify accuracy of TP load estimation by scenario 3, the simulation result of L-THIA was compared with that and the difference between the two was as little as 10%. The result of this study is expected to be used as primary data for accurate estimation of land pollutant load in TMDLs.
SWAT-REMM 모형을 이용한 봉곡천 유역의 수변림 조성에 따른 총 질소 저감 효율 분석
류지철 ( Ji Chul Ryu ),강현우 ( Hyun Woo Kang ),김남원 ( Nam Won Kim ),장원석 ( Won Seok Jang ),이지원 ( Ji Won Lee ),문종필 ( Jong Pil Moon ),이규승 ( Kyu Seung Lee ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ) 한국물환경학회 2010 한국물환경학회지 Vol.26 No.6
In recent years, riparian buffer system has been known as one of the effective best management practices. However, establishment of riparian buffer system in aspect of plant species and its position in the riparian buffer zone has not been investigated due to lack of efficient evaluation method for the analysis of water quality improvement with established riparian buffer system. To solve this problem, the SWAT-REMM prototype was developed by the researchers in Canada. But, SWAT-REMM model can not consider the NO(3)-N load into riparian buffer system through subsurface flow. Thus to solved this problem, Fortran code of SWAT-REMM model was modified. This modified SWAT-REMM system was applied to the Bonggok watershed. Three riparian buffer scenarios, 15 m, 10 m, 5 m width for tree and grass, were made to evaluate the effects of riparian buffer system on water quality improvement. Reduction efficiency of T-N by riparian buffer system of 15 m wide was the greatest (6~37%, depending on subwatershed characteristics) among 3 scenarios. It indicates that the reduction efficiency of T-N load has increasing-tendency, as buffer width increasing. The results obtained from the analysis showed that wide buffer zones are found to be more effective in reducing non-point pollutant than narrow buffer zones in the riparian buffer zone system. Hence, the SWAT-REMM model could be efficiently used for evaluation and design the most effective riparian buffer systems to reduce pollutant loads to the watershed although many limitations still exist in SWAT-REMM model.
SWAT HRU Mapping module을 이용한 해안면 만대천 유역의 토지이용별 지하수 함양량 평가
류지철 ( Ji Chul Ryu ),최재완 ( Jae Wan Choi ),강현우 ( Hyun Woo Kang ),금동혁 ( Dong Hyuk Kum ),신동석 ( Dong Suk Shin ),이기환 ( Ki Hwan Lee ),정교철 ( Gyo Cheol Jeong ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.5
The hydrologic models, capable of simulating groundwater recharge for long-term period and effects on it of crops management in the agricultural areas, have been used to compute groundwater recharge in the agricultural fields. Among these models, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been widely used because it could interpret hydrologic conditions for the long time considering effects of weather condition, land uses, and soil. However the SWAT model couldn`t represent the spatial information of Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU), the SWAT HRU mapping module was developed in 2010. With this capability, it is possible to assume and analyze spatio-temporal groundwater recharge. In this study, groundwater recharge of rate for various crops in the Mandae stream watershed was estimated using SWAT HRU Mapping module, which can simulate spato-temporal recharge rate. As a result of this study, Coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for flow calibration were 0.80 and 0.72, respectively, and monthly groundwater recharge of Mandae watershed in Haean-myeon was 381.24 mm/year. It was 28% of total precipitation in 2009. Groundwater recharge rate was 73.54 mm/month and 73.58 mm/month for July and August 2009, which is approximately 18 times of groundwater recharge rate for December 2009. The groundwater recharges for each month through the year were varying. The groundwater recharge was smaller in the spring and winter seasons, relatively. So, it is necessary to enforce proper management of groundwater recharge during droughty season. Also, the SWAT HRU Mapping module could show the result of groundwater recharge as a GIS map and analyze spatio-temporal groundwater recharge. So, this method, proposed in this study, would be quite useful to make groundwater management plans at agriculture-dominant watershed.
기후변화를 고려하기 위한 오염총량관리제 토지계 오염부하량 산정 방식 개선
류지철 ( Ji Chul Ryu ),박윤식 ( Yoon Sik Park ),한미덕 ( Mi Deok Han ),안기홍 ( Ki Hong Ahn ),금동혁 ( Dong Hyuk Kum ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ),박배경 ( Bae Kyung Park ) 한국물환경학회 2014 한국물환경학회지 Vol.30 No.2
In this study, a land pollutant load calculation method in TMDLs was improved to consider climate change scenarios. In order to evaluate the new method, future change in rainfall patterns was predicted by using SRES A1B climate change scenarios and then post-processing methods such as change factor (CF) and quantile mapping (QM) were applied to correct the bias between the predicted and the observed rainfall patterns. Also, future land pollutant loads were estimated by using both the bias corrected rainfall patterns and the enhanced method. For the results of bias correction, both methods (CF and QM) predicted the temporal trend of the past rainfall patterns and QM method showed future daily average precipitation in the range of 1.1~7.5 mm and CF showed it in the range of 1.3~6.8 mm from 2014 to 2100. Also, in the result of the estimation of future land pollutant loads using the enhanced method (2020, 2040, 2100), TN loads were in the range of 4316.6~6138.6 kg/day and TP loads were in the range of 457.0~716.5 kg/day. However, each result of TN and TP loads in 2020, 2040, 2100 was the same with the original method. The enhanced method in this study will be useful to predict land pollutant loads under the influence of climate change because it can reflect future change in rainfall patterns. Also, it is expected that the results of this study are used as a base data of TMDLs in case of applying for climate change scenarios.