도덕적 정당화가 비윤리적 행동에 미치는 영향 : 관계지향문화와 목표 스트레스의 조절효과

남상희(Sang Hee Nam),장재윤(Jae Yoon Chang) 한국인사조직학회 2020 인사조직연구 Vol.28 No.4

조직 내에서 발생하는 비윤리적 행동은 개인, 조직 또는 사회에 부정적인 영향을 준다. 이 때문에 많은 조직에서는 종업원들의 비윤리적 행동을 억제하기 위해 노력해왔지만, 여전히 근절되지 않고 있다. 조직 내 비윤리적 행동을 방지하기 위해서는 개인적 요인과 상황적 요인의 복잡한 역동에 대해 이해해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 개인과 상황의 상호작용을 예상하고, 비윤리적 행동에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 탐구하고자 하였다. 그 중 한국에서 부패의 고질적인 원인으로 간주되어 왔던 온정주의(paternalilsm) 문화에 대한 비판을 기업장면에 도입하여, 비윤리적 행동을 정적으로 예측하는 것으로 알려진 도덕적 정당화(moral justification)의 효과를 관계지향문화(clan culture)가 강화시킨다는 것을 보여주고자 하였다. 더 나아가 목표 스트레스(goal stress)를 조절변수로 추가하여, 목표 스트레스가 도덕적 정당화와 비윤리적 행동의 관계(이원상호작용) 및 도덕적 정당화와 관계지향문화의 정적 상호작용(삼원상호작용)을 강화하는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 두 개의 설문 연구를 설계하였다. 연구 1에서는 219명의 일반 직장인들을 대상으로 2차에 걸쳐 설문조사를 시행하여 도덕적 정당화와 비윤리적 행동간 정(+)의 관계가 있고, 이것을 관계지향문화가 정(+)적으로 조절한다는 것을 발견하였다. 연구 2에서는 207명의 판매직 종사자를 대상으로 연구 1의 결과를 재검증하고, 목표 스트레스의 조절효과에 대해 검증하였다. 목표 스트레스는 도덕적 정당화와 비윤리적 행동간 관계를 조절하지는 못했지만, 목표 스트레스가 높을 때 도덕적 정당화와 관계지향문화의 정적 상호작용이 강화되었다. 구체적으로 도덕적 정당화가 비윤리적 행동에 미치는 영향은 관계지향문화와 목표 스트레스 모두가 높을 때 가장 높았던 반면 목표 스트레스가 낮을 때 관계지향문화의 조절효과는 약화되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 이론적·실무적 시사점, 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다. Unethical behaviors in organizations can have severe consequences for individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. Despite vigorous prevention efforts made by organizations, unethical employee behaviors are still common today. To investigate the factors affecting unethical behaviors, the current study examined the effect of moral justification on unethical employee behaviors, and the moderating effects of clan culture and goal stress. Specifically, this study predicted that moral justification would be negatively related to unethical behaviors (hypothesis 1), and that the relationship between moral justification and unethical behaviors would be strengthened when perceived clan culture is high (hypothesis 2). Furthermore, this study examined a two-way interaction between moral justification and goal stress (hypothesis 3) and a three-way interaction between moral justification, clan culture, and goal stress on unethical behavior (hypothesis 4). For this purpose, we conducted two independent surveys. In Study 1, we collected survey-based data from 219 office employees and found evidence of the main effect of moral justification on unethical behaviors and the moderation effect of clan culture on the relationship between moral justification and unethical behaviors, supporting hypotheses 1 and 2. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 with 207 sales employees and found that goal stress strengthened the two-way interaction between moral justification and clan culture, providing support for hypothesis 4. However, hypothesis 3 was not supported as goal stress did not moderate the relationship between moral justification and unethical behavior. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our results and propose directions for future research.

Mammogram에 있어서 Fractal Dimension을 이용한 Microcalcification 검출

남상희(Sang Hee Nam),최준영(Jun Young Choi),서지현(Ji Hyun Seo) 한국멀티미디어학회 1998 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1998 No.1

Transport parameters in a-Se : As films for digital X-ray conversion material using the moving - photocarrier - grating technique

박창희(Chang-Hee Park),김재형(Jae-Hyung Kim),남상희(Sang-Hee Nam) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2005 방사선기술과학 Vol.28 No.4

moving photocarrier grating 기술을 이용하여 디지털 X-선 변환물질 α-Se:As 필름에서 As 첨가효과에 관하여 연구하였다. 이 방법은 시료를 조사하기 위하여 주파수를 변화시킨 2개 레이저 빔의 중첩으로 얻어진 움직이는 간섭패턴을 이용한다. 시료의 수송변수는 시료에서 변조 방향으로 유도되는 grating-속도에 의존하는 전류밀도로부터 얻어진다. As 첨가에 따른 α-Se 필름의 전자와 정공 이동도 그리고 재결합 수명을 구하였다. 전자의 이동도는 결함 상태 때문에 As 첨가에 따라 감소하는 반면, 특히 a-Se 필름에 0.3% As 첨가할 때 정공 이동도와 재결합 수명이 증가하였다. MPG 기술로 얻은 As가 첨가된 α-Se 필름의 수송성질을 α-Se:As로 제작한 X-선 디텍터의 X-선 감도와 비교하였다. 실험결과 0.3% As가 첨가된 α-Se으로 제작한 X-선 디텍터가 가장 우수한 X-선 감도를 나타내었다. The effects of As addition in amorphous selenium (α-Se) films for digital X-ray conversion material have been studied using the moving photocarrier grating (MPG) technique. This method utilizes the moving interference pattern generated by the superposition of the two frequency shifted laser beams for the illumination of the sample. This moving intensity grating induces a short circuit current, j_(sc) in α-Se: As film. The transport parameters of the sample are extracted from the grating-velocity dependent short circuit current induced in the sample along the modulation direction. The electron and hole mobility, and recombination lifetime of α-Se films with arsenic (As) additions have been obtained. We have found an increase in hole drift mobility and recombination lifetime, especially when 0.3% As is added into a-Se film, whereas electron mobility decreases with As addition due to the defect density. The transport properties for As doped α-Se films obtained by using MPG technique have been compared with X-ray sensitivity for α-Se: As device. The fabricated α-Se(0.3% As) device film exhibited the highest X-ray sensitivity out of 5 samples.

치과위생사 취업 역량, 업무, 직무만족에 관한 연구 - 공무원·공기업 취업자·연구원 중심으로

정소현 ( So-hyeon Jeong ),남상희 ( Sang-hee Nam ),박지현 ( Ji-hyeon Park ),신은지 ( Eun-ji Shin ),오나원 ( Na-won Oh ),유하림 ( Ha-rim Yu ),김설희 ( Seol-hee Kim ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2018 한국치위생학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate career competency, tasks, and job satisfaction of public servants, public institutions, and researchers. Methods: The survey was conducted about career competency, job satisfaction, and satisfaction on work life. Next, they interviewed on the characteristics of each job by two or three dimensions. The following conclusions were obtained from July to August 2017. Results: Career competencies were GPA with 3.87, 818 points of TOEIC score, and ITQ certification. Public servants required the information on literacy skills for employment and job performance, while civil servants need more than one year of clinical experience in the dental hospital. The non-commissioned officer needed a written test and fitness training. The health insurance review and assessment center required more than one year of experience from general hospital or medical institutions. Researchers required a research career, language skill, and professors required research and teaching experiences with clinical experience more than three years. The main job tasks were as follows; for public servants, they were official document processing and community projects. For the civilian workers and military/noncommissioned officers, they were medical assistant and administrative works. The employees of the health insurance review and assessment service are examining the medical expenses and the medical examination, the researchers are experimenting, researching and writing articles, and the teaching staff are lecturing and conducting individual research. Conclusions: The results of job satisfaction survey showed that occupational satisfaction was the highest in civil servants, researchers, and teaching professions. Job security was the highest in health workers and health inspectors' evaluation centers, and time vacancy was the highest in civilian workers and military/noncommissioned officers. If you want to work in such an institution, you should prepare elements that match your basic literacy and job specific characteristics. And we should try to increase the satisfaction of work even after work.

비정질 셀레늄 기반 디지털 방사선 검출기의 성능 평가

박지군,강상식,조성호,신정욱,김소영,손대응,남상희,Park, Ji-Koon,Kang, Sang-Sik,Cho, Sung-Ho,Shin, Jung-Wook,Kim, So-Yeong,Son, Dae-Woong,Nam, Sang-Hee 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.2

In this study, we have studied the fabrication and the performance evaluation of digital radiation detector of the based on selenium (a-Se) prototype which is widely researched about recently. The detector was fabricated using amorphous selenium in the specification of active area size $7{\times}8.5"$, pixel pitch $139{\mu}m$, and 12 bit ADC. In order for the performance evaluation of the fabricated detector, we used radiation quality RQA 5 that is suggested by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and evaluated modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). Concerning MTF measurement, we used slit camera (Nuclear Associates, Model : 07-624-2222), and evaluated in the slit method. Also so as to compare the performance evaluation on the detector fabricated in this study, we used Hologic Direct-Ray (DR-1000) and GE Revolution XQ/I system, and evaluated and compared in the same method MTF, NPS, and DQE which are image quality factors. And as a result, the MTF of each detector In Nyquist frequency were evaluated to be 58% (at 3.5 lp/mm) in the case of DR-1000 and 65% (at 2.5 lp/mm) in the case of XQ/I, and that for the detector fabricated in this study was evaluated to be 36% (at 3.51 lp/mm). Also in the case of DQE(0), the detector fabricated in this study, DR-1000 of Hologic company, and XQ/I system of GE company respectively were evaluated as 36%, 32%, and 50%.

고해상도 방사선 영상을 위한 $Gd_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ 나노 형광체 제조 및 광학적 특성

김소영,강상식,박지군,차병열,최치원,이형원,남상희,Kim, So-Yeong,Kang, Sang-Sik,Park, Ji-Koon,Cha, Byung-Youl,Choe, Chi-Won,Lee, Hyung-Won,Nam, Sang-Hee 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.1

In this paper, we have synthesized $Gd_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ nano phosphor particle using a low temperature solution-combustion method. We have investigated the structure and the luminescent characteristic as the sintering temperature and europium concentration. From XRD(X-ray diffraction) and SEM(scanning electron microscope) results, we have verified that the phosphor particle was fabricated a spherical shape with $30{\sim}40nm$ particle size. From the photoluminescence results, the strong peak exhibits at 611 um and the luminescent intensity depends on europium concentration. $Gd_2O_3:Eu$ fine phosphor particle has shown excellent luminescent efficiency at 5 wt% of europium concentration. The phosphors calcinated at $500^{\circ}C$ have possessed the x-ray peaks corresponding to the cubic phase of $Gd_2O_3$. As calcinations temperature increased to $700^{\circ}C$, the new monoclinic phase has identified except cubic patterns. From the luminescent decay time measurements, mean lifetimes were $2.3{\sim}2.6ms$ relatively higher than conventional bulk phosphors. These results indicate that $Gd_2O_3:Eu$ nano phosphor is possible for the operation at the low x-ray dose, therefore, the application as medical imaging detector.

Development of $14"{\times}8.5"$ active matrix flat-panel digital x-ray detector system and Imaging performance

박지군,최장용,강상식,이동길,석대우,남상희,Park, Ji-Koon,Choi, Jang-Yong,Kang, Sang-Sik,Lee, Dong-Gil,Seok, Dae-Woo,Nam, Sang Hee 대한방사선기술학회 2003 방사선기술과학 Vol.26 No.4

의료영상 분야에서의 디지털화가 시도되면서부터 평판형 디지털 영상검출기가 일반촬영 및 투시영상을 비롯한 다양한 영상 획득 장치에의 적용을 위해 꾸준히 연구, 개발되어져 왔다. 본 연구는 비정질 셀레늄을 이용한 디지털 방사선 검출기를 통해 획득된 영상의 평가를 통해 순수 국내 기술로 개발중인 디지털 방사선 검출기의 임상 사용여부를 확인하고, 영상평가의 주요인자인 modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) 이용하여 정량적인 값을 도출함으로써 의료영상평가에 필요한 측정 방법 및 그 기초 자료의 제공을 그 목적으로 한다. 비정질 셀레늄을 이용한 디지털 방사선 검출기는 pixel pitch가 $139\;{\mu}m$이며, 전체 active area은 $14{\times}8.5\;inch^2$, 전체 pixel의 수는 3.9백만개이다. 디지털 X-선 검출기에서 광도전체로서 비정질 셀레늄은 TFT 평판 패널 위에 진공 증착된다. 비정질 셀레늄의 두께는 $500\;{\mu}m$이다. 디지털 방사선 검출기의 성능을 평가하기 위해 민감도, 선형성, MTF, NPS, 그리고 DQE가 측정되었다. 선형성 평가에서는 뛰어난 선형성[($r^2$)=0.9693]을 보였다. 측정된 민감도는 인가전압 $10\;V/{\mu}m$에서 $4.16{\times}10^6\;ehp/pixel{\cdot}mR$이며, MTF는 2.5\;lp/mm에서 52%이다. 그리고 DQE는 1.5\;lp/mm에서 75%이다. 본 연구를 통해 영상평가 측정 기술의 기본적 토대를 마련하고, 측정된 값은 국내 기술로 개발중인 비정질 셀레늄을 이용한 직접방식의 디지털 방사선 검출기의 임상적 사용가치가 충분함을 뒷받침할 수 있는 기초 자료로서 제공될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Digital radiographic systems based on solid-state detectors, commonly referred to as flat-panel detectors, are gaining popularity in clinical practice. Large area, flat panel solid state detectors are being investigated for digital radiography. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the active matrix flat panel digital x-ray detectors in terms of their modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). In this paper, development and evaluation of a selenium-based flat-panel digital x-ray detector are described. The prototype detector has a pixel pitch of $139\;{\mu}m$ and a total active imaging area of $14{\times}8.5\;inch^2$, giving a total 3.9 million pixels. This detector include a x-ray imaging layer of amorphous selenium as a photoconductor which is evaporated in vacuum state on a TFT flat panel, to make signals in proportion to incident x-ray. The film thickness was about $500\;{\mu}m$. To evaluate the imaging performance of the digital radiography(DR) system developed in our group, sensitivity, linearity, the modulation transfer function(MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS) and detective quantum efficiency(DQE) of detector was measured. The measured sensitivity was $4.16{\times}10^6\;ehp/pixel{\cdot}mR$ at the bias field of $10\;V/{\mu}m$ : The beam condition was 41.9\;KeV. Measured MTF at 2.5\;lp/mm was 52%, and the DQE at 1.5\;lp/mm was 75%. And the excellent linearity was showed where the coefficient of determination ($r^2$) is 0.9693.

형광체 기반 X선 광 변조기를 위한 비정질 셀레늄 필름 특성

강상식,박지군,조성호,차병열,신정욱,이건환,문치웅,남상희,Kang, Sang-Sik,Park, Ji-Koon,Cho, Sung-Ho,Cha, Byung-Youl,Shin, Jung-Wook,Lee, Kun-Hwan,Mun, Chi-Woong,Nam, Sang-Hee 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.2

PXLM(Phosphor based x-ray light modulator) has a combined structure by phosphor, photoconductor, and liquid crystal and it can realize x-ray image of high resolution in clinical diagnosis area. In this study, we fabricated a photoconductor and investigated electrical and optical properties to confirm application possibility of radiator detector of PXLM structure. As photoconductor, amorphous selenium(a-Se), which is used most in DR(Digital radiography) of direct conversion method, was used and for formation of thin film, it was formed as $20{\mu}m-thick$ by using thermal vacuum evaporation system. For a produced a-Se film, through XRD(X-ray diffraction) and SEM(Scanning electron microscope), we investigated that amorphous structure was uniformly established and through optical measurement, for visible light of 40 $0\sim630nm$, it had absorption efficiency of 95 % and more. After fabricated a-Se film on the top of ITP substrate, hybrid structure was manufactured through forming $Gd_2O_3:Eu$ phosphor of $270{\mu}m-thick$ on the bottom of the substrate. As the result to confirm electrical property of the manufactured hybrid structure, in the case of appling $10V/{\mu}m$, leakage current of $2.5nA/cm^2$ and x-ray sensitivity of $7.31nC/cm^2/mR$ were investigated. Finally, we manufactured PXLM structure combined with hybrid structure and liquid crystal cell of TN(Twisted nematic) mode and then, investigated T-V(Transmission vs. voltage) curve of external light source for induced x-ray energy. PXLM structure showed a similar optical response with T-V curve that common TN mode liquid crystal cell showed according to electric field increase and in appling $50\sim100V$, it showed linear transmission efficiency of $12\sim18%$. This result suggested an application possibility of PXLM structure as radiation detector.

인터넷 기반에서의 원격병리진단 시스템의 구현

손병환(Byong-Hwan Son),이병일(Byeong-Il Lee),남상희(Sang-Hee Nam),최흥국(Heung-Kook Choi) 한국멀티미디어학회 2001 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2001 No.1

평판 디지털 X-ray 검출기의 개발과 성능 평가에 관한 연구

박지군(Ji-Koon Park),최장용(Jang-Yong Choi),강상식(Sang-Sik Kang),이동길(Dong-Gil Lee),석대우(Dae-Woo Seok),남상희(Sang Hee Nam) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2003 방사선기술과학 Vol.26 No.4

Digital radiographic systems based on solid-state detectors, commonly referred to as flat-panel detectors, are gaining popularity in clinical practice. Large area, flat panel solid state detectors are being investigated for digital radiography. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the active matrix flat panel digital x-ray detectors in terms of their modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). In this paper, development and evaluation of a selenium-based flat-panel digital x-ray detector are described. The prototype detector has a pixel pitch of 139 ㎛ and a total active imaging area of 14×8.5 inch², giving a total 3.9 million pixels. This detector include a x-ray imaging layer of amorphous selenium as a photoconductor which is evaporated in vacuum state on a TFT flat panel, to make signals in proportion to incident x-ray. The film thickness was about 500 ㎛. To evaluate the imaging performance of the digital radiography(DR) system developed in our group, sensitivity, linearity, the modulation transfer function(MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS) and detective quantum efficiency(DQE) of detector was measured. The measured sensitivity was 4.16×10?? ehp/pixel·mR at the bias field of 10 V/㎛ : The beam condition was 41.9 KeV. Measured MTF at 2.5 lp/mm was 52%, and the DQE at 1.5 lp/mm was 75%. And the excellent linearity was showed where the coefficient of determination (r²) is 0.9693. 의료영상 분야에서의 디지털화가 시도되면서부터 평판형 디지털 영상검출기가 일반촬영 및 투시영상을 비롯한 다양한 영상 획득 장치에의 적용을 위해 꾸준히 연구, 개발되어져 왔다. 본 연구는 비정질 셀레늄을 이용한 디지털 방사선 검출기를 통해 획득된 영상의 평가를 통해 순수 국내 기술로 개발중인 디지털 방사선 검출기의 임상 사용여부를 확인하고, 영상평가의 주요인자인 modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) 이용하여 정량적인 값을 도출함으로써 의료영상평가에 필요한 측정 방법 및 그 기초 자료의 제공을 그 목적으로 한다. 비정질 셀레늄을 이용한 디지털 방사선 검출기는 pixel pitch가 139㎛이며, 전체 active area은 14×8.5inch², 전체 pixel의 수는 3.9백만개이다. 디지털 X-선 검출기에서 광도전체로서 비정질 셀레늄은 TFT 평판 패널 위에 진공 증착된다. 비정질 셀레늄의 두께는 500 ㎛이다. 디지털 방사선 검출기의 성능을 평가하기 위해 민감도, 선형성, MTF, NPS, 그리고 DQE가 측정되었다. 선형성 평가에서는 뛰어난 선형성[(r²)=0.9693]을 보였다. 측정된 민감도는 인가전압 10 V/㎛에서 4.16×10?? ehp/pixel·mR이며, MTF는 2.5 lp/㎜에서 52%이다. 그리고 DQE는 1.5 lp/㎜에서 75%이다. 본 연구를 통해 영상평가 측정 기술의 기본적 토대를 마련하고, 측정된 값은 국내 기술로 개발중인 비정질 설레늄을 이용한 직접방식의 디지털 방사선 검출기의 임상적 사용가치가 충분함을 뒷받침할 수 있는 기초 자료로서 제공될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.