강성(剛性) 고정(固定)이 성장중(成長中)인 가토(家兎)의 전두비골봉합(前頭鼻骨封合)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김효종,김여갑,Kim, Hyo-Jong,Kim, Yeo-Gab 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 1994 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.16 No.3

This study was aimed to clarify the histopathological changes in the experimental animal model subjcted to rigid fixation performed across the frontonasal sutrue in growing rabbits. Sixteen rabbits aged 6 weeks used. In experimental group(n=12), rigid fixation with miniplates and screws was performed across the frontonasal suture. Control group(n=4) was those with periosteal elevation only. Experimental animals were sacrificed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th week after operation, and frontonasal suture area was excised for light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic examination. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In control groups, collagen fiber bundles ran in the midportion of bone sutrue and cambial layers were seen at bone surface. Sutural surfaces are beveled and external and internal bony projected portions were observed. 2. In experimental groups, distance of bone suture was decreased by new bone formation on the 2nd week, while increased by bone resorption at the miniplate applied area and bone formation in the adjacent bone on the 4th week. 3. In experimental groups, the original bone surface was almost resorbed and new bone formation was found on the 8th week. Regulary-run collagen fibers, smooth and dense bone surfaces were similar to the bone patterns of control groups on the 12th week. Above results suggest that bone formation is restricted where the miniplate is applied, while compensatory growth is appeared in the adjacent bont. It is considered that rigid fixation with miniplates and acrews results in a little disturbance of sutural growth of the craniofacial bone in infancy and children when applied for short duration.

체인코드 기반의 파일 무결성 검증 모델

김효종,한군희,신승수,Kim, Hyo-Jong,Han, Kun-Hee,Shin, Seung-Soo 한국융합학회 2021 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.12 No.4

Recent advances in network and hardware technologies have led to active research and multiple network technologies that fuse blockchain technologies with security. We propose a system model that analyzes technologies using existing blockchain and verifies the integrity of files using private blockchain in a limited environment. The proposed model can be written as a chain code of Hyperleisure Fabric, a private blockchain platform, and verified for integrity of files through Hyperleisure Explorer, a private blockchain integrated management platform. The system performance of the proposed model was analyzed from a developer perspective and from a user perspective. As a result of the analysis, there are compatibility problems according to the version of various modules to run the blockchain platform, and only limited elements such as chain code status and groups can be checked. 최근 네트워크 및 하드웨어 기술이 발전하여 블록체인 기술과 보안을 융합하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 여러 네트워크 기술에 적용되고 있다. 기존의 블록체인을 활용한 기술을 분석하고 제한된 환경에서 비공개 블록체인을 활용한 파일의 무결성을 검증하는 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 비공개 블록체인 플랫폼인 하이퍼레저 패브릭의 체인코드로 작성하고 비공개 블록체인 통합 관리 플랫폼인 하이퍼레저 익스플로러를 통해 파일의 무결성 검증을 확인할 수 있다. 제안한 모델의 성능을 개발자 관점과 사용자 관점에서 분석했다. 블록체인 플랫폼을 실행하기 위한 다양한 모듈의 버전에 따른 호환성 문제가 존재하고 체인코드 상태와 그룹 등 제한된 요소만 확인이 가능하다는 결과를 얻었다.

성장장애의 원인적 분류 및 내분비학적 고찰

김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),남연호(Yeon Ho Nam),김성운(Sung Woon Kim),양인명(In Myung Yang),김진우(Jin Woo Kim),김영설(Young Seol Kim),김광원(Kwang Won Kim),최영길(Young Kil Choi) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.35 No.2

N/A Growth is an inherent property of life, The integrated function of many of the hormone, metabolic, and other growth factors is necessary for normal somatic growth, Because there are many causes of growth retardation and a vast number of laboratory determinations avail- able to exclude them, it is essential that the physician exercise restraint and select laboratory test on the basis of insights gained from the knowlege of the classification and the causes of growth retardation. Authors performed a etiologic classification and endocrinologic study of 54 patients with growth retardation to classify the categories and the causes of growth retardation and to observe the concentration of somatomedin-C in each category. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Intrinstic shortness was the most common causes of growth retardation coccuring 74% of the cases, followed by arrested growth (13%) and delayed growth (13%). 2) Chromosomal abnormalities were found in only 18 % of the patients with intrinsic shortness. 3) Definite causes were found in all the patients with arrested growth. 4) Definite causes were found in 43% of the patients with delayed growth. 5) Somatomedin-C concentration was within the normal range in all the patients with intrinsic shortness, but below the normal range in those patients with delayed growth in spite of normal GH responses. In conclusion, further studies will be required for the unkonwn causes of intrinsic shortness and dealyed growth and the measurement of somatomedin-C may be useful for the differential diagnosis of intrinsic shortness from the other categories.

다이아몬드 모델을 이용한 항공운송산업의 국가경쟁력 비교분석 연구

김효종 ( Hyo Jong Kim ),김은희 ( Eun Hee Kim ),임성진 ( Seong Jin Lim ) 한국항공경영학회 2013 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.11 No.2

최근 항공운송시장을 둘러싼 제반 환경이 급속히 변화되면서, 항공자유화, 세계 각국의 항공사간 전략적 제휴 강화, 항공운송인프라 개선, 신공항 건설 및 허브화 추진, 저비용항공사의 등장 등 자국의 항공 산업 경쟁력을 강화시키기 위한 협력과 경쟁구조가 매우 복잡하게 얽혀 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 논문은 우리나라 항공운송산업 경쟁력 향상 방안을 마련하기 위한 동북아시아의 한국, 중국, 일본 3개국 항공운송산업 경쟁력의 비교분석을 목적으로 한다. 포터의 다이아몬드 모델을 활용하여, 4개의 결정요인 및 29개의 측정지표를 개발하고 이를 바탕으로 동북아시아 3개국의 항공운송산업 경쟁력을 비교하였다. 분석의 주요 결과는 우리나라 항공운송산업의 경쟁력은 중국과 일본에 비해 낮은 수준으로, 특히 여객·화물운송의 작은 시장 규모와 관련·지원 산업에 대한 저조한 투자를 포함한 내수요인(Local demand condition)과 관련 및 지원 산업 요인(Related and supporting industries)에서 상대적으로 낮은 수준의 경쟁력을 갖고 있음이 확인되었다. 반면, 생산주체인 항공사와 기반시설의 우수한 서비스 수준 등으로 인해 생산요인(Factor endowment)과 높은 경쟁으로 인한 기업요인(Firm strategy, structure and rivalry)에서는 상대적으로 높은 수준을 나타내고 있다. The purpose of this study is to compare South Korea with Japan and China in terms of National Competitiveness in Air Transport Industry for solutions for improving competitiveness. By using Diamond model, four determinants and 29 measurement indicators are developed. With those, the comparison of National Competitiveness has been done. According to the study result, Competitiveness of the air transport industry in South Korea is at a lower level than that of China and Japan. Especially, competitiveness in ``Local demand condition`` and ``Related and supporting industries`` is relatively low cause of the small air transport market and small investment in related and supporting industries. On the other hand, competitiveness in ``Factor endowment`` and ``Firm strategy, structure and rivalry`` is relatively high cause of the superior service of airlines and infrastructure level and competitive market structure.

증례 : 신장 ; 만성 살리실산염 중독에 의한 가성 고염소혈증 및 대사장애 1예

김효종 ( Hyo Jong Kim ),오유정 ( You Jeong Oh ),이정석 ( Jeong Seok Lee ),오상유 ( Sang Yu Oh ),이종윤 ( Jong Yoon Lee ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.89 No.4

일반적으로 살리실산염 중독 시에는 high anion gap의 대사성 산증이 발현된다. 저자들은 negative anion gap의 대사성 산증과 가성 고염소혈증, 호흡성 알칼리증이 있는 만성살리실산염 중독 환자를 경험하였다. 살리실산염과 같은 약물 중독의 경우 드물게 가성 고염소혈증이 나타날 수도 있기 때문에 적극적인 병력 청취가 필요하고, 보존적 치료를 하면서 투석 시기를 결정하는 것이 중요하다. Despite the increasing use of alternative analgesic agents, salicylate overdose remains a not-uncommon problem. Severe poisoning is life threatening, so prompt treatment and supportive measures are required to reduce mortality. Generally, salicylate intoxication results in the development of high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis. However, outside of Korea, normal-anion-gap or negative-anion-gap metabolic acidosis with hyperchloremia is rarely reported. We report herein the case of an 83-year-old female patient with chronic aspirin intake who presented with hyperchloremia and a negative anion gap. The patient’s symptoms improved with conservative treatment and hemodialysis; notably, her chloride levels decreased as her blood salicylate concentrations decreased. Salicylate may cause hyperchloremia, demonstrating the importance of careful documentation of patient medication histories. (Korean J Med 2015;89:457-460)

적외선 열화상 기술의 최신 연구 동향과 발전 현황 (Recent Advancement and Development on Infrared thermography Technique)

김효종(Hyo-Jong Kim),김정국(Jeongguk Kim),김남포(Nam-po Kim) 한국철도학회 2011 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

All objects emit infrared above absolute temperature 0K. Infrared thermography is one of the nondestructive testing technologies to measure the temperature of the object. Infrared thermography shows infrared image which in a longer wavelength than visible light. Infrared technology can be employed regardless of the type or state of the objects. Thus, infrared thermography technique has been used in a wide variety of manufacturing processes in areas such as mechanical, electrical, chemical and medical applications. The advancement of using infrared technology has been increasing. In this paper, the principle of lock-in infrared thermography and its applications were investigated, and the direction of future development was discussed.

디바이스의 DDoS 공격 여부 판단 및 대응 시스템 설계

김효종(Hyo-jong Kim),최수영(Su-young Choi),김민성(Min-sung Kim),신승수(Seung-soo Shin) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

2015년부터 IoT 프로토콜을 사용한 공격이 지속적으로 보고되고 있다. 다양한 IoT 프로토콜 중 공격자는 SSDP(Simple Service Discovery Protocol)를 사용하여 DDoS 공격을 시도하고 있으며, 사이버 대피소 통계로 한국은 약 100만 개의 개방형 SSDP 서버를 보유하고 있다. 인터넷에 연결된 취약한 SSDP 서버는 50Gb 이상의 트래픽을 생성할 수 있으며 공격 위험은 점진적으로 증가한다. 최근까지도 분산 서비스 거부 공격과 분산 반사 서비스 거부 공격이 보안 문제로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 기존 SSDP 프로토콜의 요청 패킷을 분석하여 증폭 공격을 식별하고 증폭 공격이 의심되는 경우 대응을 회피하여 다량의 응답 패킷 발생으로 인한 네트워크 부하를 방지하는 것이다. Since 2015, attacks using the IoT protocol have been continuously reported. Among various IoT protocols, attackers attempt DDoS attacks using SSDP(Simple Service Discovery Protocol), and as statistics of cyber shelters, Korea has about 1 million open SSDP servers. Vulnerable SSDP servers connected to the Internet can generate more than 50Gb of traffic and the risk of attack increases gradually. Until recently, distributed denial of service attacks and distributed reflective denial of service attacks have been a security issue. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the request packet of the existing SSDP protocol to identify an amplification attack and to avoid a response when an amplification attack is suspected, thereby preventing network load due to the occurrence of a large number of response packets due to the role of traffic reflection amplification.

유전학적 불안전성을 보이는 대장암의 발생기전

김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),김윤화(Youn Hwa Kim),정혜전(Heo Jeon Cheong),동석호(Seok Ho Dong),김배영(Bae Young Kim),김병호(Byung Ho Kim),이정일(Joung Il Lee),장영운(Young Woon Chang),장린(Rin Chang),양문호(Moon Ho Yang) 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.1

N/A Background/Aims: Multiple genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes(APC, MCC, DCC, p53) and oncogenes(K-ras) have been implicated in the development of colorectal carcinomas(CRCs). Recently, mutator genes(hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2), which are characterized by the development of particular form of genetic instability, termed RER(replication error) was reported in CRCs. It is postulated that RER may be required for multiple genetic alterations in the development of CRCs. But the mode of genetic alterations caused by RER is not certain. To evaluate the mode of genetic alterations caused by RER in multistage carcinogeneis, we compared the frequency of p53 expression, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC, in two groups of tumors. RER(+); those demonstrating RER, and RER( ); those lacking such genetic alterations. Methods: RER test at microsatellite loci; DNA was extracted from normal and tumor tissues using cryostat sectioning method. Purified DNA was subjected to a PCR-based technique in which(CA)n repeat sequence were amplified and RERs were detected when a change in allele length was detected. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 expression; Deparaffinized section of formalin-fixed tumor tissue samples were immunostained for p53 protein, using a monoclonal p53-specific DO7 antibody. Results: The frequency of RER in sporadic CRC was 40.1%(9/22). P53 expression was observed in 6 of 18 carcinoma(33.3%). The frequency of p53 immunostaining was lower in tumors demonstrating RER(25% vs. 40%). All tumor demonstrating RER at multiple loci did not exhibited p53 immunostaining. Conclusions: These results suggest that RER is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRCs probably by the different mode of genentic alterations from those lacking RER. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1996;28: 36-46)

대도시광역권 주변지역 도로계획체계의 문제점 및 제도 개선 방안 연구

김효종(KIM, Hyo Jong) 대한교통학회 2019 교통 기술과 정책 Vol.16 No.3

교통약자를 고려한 보도폭원 시설기준 변경에 관한 연구

김효종(Kim, Hyo-Jong),오재철 대한교통학회 2008 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.58 No.-

현행 보도설치에 관한 기준은 ”도시관리계획”과 ”도로의 구조 · 시설 기준에 관한 규칙” 그리고 “교통약자 이동편의 증진법의 설치 기준”등에 제시되어 있다. 그러나 이들 기준들은 설치기준의 용어 개념이 다르게 언급되어 있고 유효보도폭원에 관한 최소기준이 상이하여 도로설계시 혼동을 주고 있으며, 최소치에 대한 교통약자 통행 폭원의 적절성에 대한 논란이 되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 문헌조사와 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 최소유호폭원에 관한 기준은 도시관리계획과 도로의 구조 · 시설 기준에 관한 규칙은 최소치를 1.5m로 규정(후자는 보도의 폭원)하고 있으나 교통약자이동편의 증진법에 의한 시설기준은 최소유효보도폭원을 2.0m 이상 확보토록 규정하고 있어 그 기준이 서로 다른 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 대부분 현재 설치된 보도의 사례를 조사한 결과 20m 미만도로의 경우 “도로의 구조 · 시설 기준에 관한 규칙”에 의거 실제 1.5m 폭원의 보도를 설치하고 있는 것으로 조사되어 최소유효보도폭원에 대한 기준의 조정과 실제 교통약자의 통행이 가능한 보도설치가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.