Astaxanthin 처리 산란계로부터 생산된 난황의 Mouse에 대한 Catabolic Response Overcome 효과

김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),박숙자(Sook-Jahr Park),박철우(Cherl-Woo Park),김영림(Young-Rim Kim),김정환(Jeong-Hwan Kim),최의성(Eui Sung Choi),조현종(Hyeon-Jong Cho),조용운(Yong Un Cho),하영래(Yeong Lae Ha) 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Astaxanthin을 산란계에 경구 투여하여 얻은 AEY에는 총 2.88 mg%의 carotenoid가 함유되어 있었다. Carotenoid 성분을 HPLC로 분석한 결과, CEY에는 존재하지 않는 α-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, triol 등이 AEY에서 확인되었다. CEY에서는 존재하지 않기 때문에 이들은 astaxanthin의 대사생성물로 예상할 수 있다. AEY는 LPS로 유발한 mouse의 catabolic response overcome의 효과 시험에서 control구에 비해 유의성있는 체중 감소 억제 효과를 보였다. 또한 AEY는 LPS 처리에 의한 면역기관에 미치는 영향에서는 췌장과 간의 체중에 대한 상대적 비율을 증가시켰다. 따라서 AEY 처리가 면역작용을 하는 세포의 활성에 관여하는 것으로 생각되고 이것은 AEY 처리구에서 관찰되는 α-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, triol 등에 의한 것으로 추측된다. Effect of the egg yolks from laying hens intubated, p.o., astaxanthin (designated AEY) on the catabolic response overcome of mice was examined. Female ICR mice (6~7 weeks of age) were adapted in a temperature- and humidity-controlled house for one week and randomly divided into 5 groups (6 mice/cage/treatment). Mice were intubated p.o., AEY (5, 10 and 15 mg), control egg yolk (CEY, 10 mg), or fish oil (5 mg) dissolved in 0.2mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) every two days for 14 days. At day 15, the 0.1 mL of lipopolysaccharide solution (LPS, 30 μg/0.1 mL 10 mM HEPES) was injected through tail vein, and then, the body weight of mouse and the amount of feed intake were measured over a period of 72 hours. Control group mice were received only PBS and LPS. AEY treatment suppressed the loss of mice body weight in a dose-response manner. Twenty four hours post LPS injection, the reduced body weight per mouse of AEY 5, AEY 10, and AEY 15 mg treatment groups was 3.70, 3.54, and 3.25 g, respectively. Body weight suppression effect of AEY treatment was greater than that of CEY, but less than fish oil. AEY treatment did not alter thymus weight, but increased the weight of spleen or liver. These results indicate that AEY suppressed the loss of body weight by LPS via any function of the spleen and/or liver.

Astaxanthin 처리 산란계로부터 생산된 난황이 Mouse Liver Microsome의 산화에 미치는 영향

김홍출(Hong Chul Kim),박숙자(Sook Jahr Park),김정곤(Jung Kon Kim),박철우(Cherl Woo Park),조용운(Yong Un Cho),조현종(Hyeon Jong Cho),하영래(Yeong Lae Ha) 한국식품영양과학회 2002 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

AEY의 acetone추출물이 mouse liver microsome의 산화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Mouse liver microsome에 함유된 단백질 함량은 AEY 처리구가 CEY 처리구에 비해 상대적으로 7~48%정도가 증가하였다. 지방산 분석 결과, CEY 처리에 비해 AEY 처리구에서 stearic acid를 포함하는 포화지방산의 함량비가 상대적으로 높았으며, oleic acid, linoleic acid 등을 함유하는 불포화지방산의 함량비가 현저히 감소하였다. AEY 처리구는 Fe2+가 관여하는 Asc/Fe^(+2), NADPH/Fe^(+2)를 산화유도물질로 사용한 경우에 TC와 비슷하거나 보다 강력한 항산화 효과를 보였다. ABIN이나 CuOOH가 산화유도물질로 작용할 시에는 AEY처리에 의해 유의성있는 항산화 효과가 나타나지 않았다. Effect of the egg yolks from laying hens intubated, p.o., astaxanthin (designated AEY) on the oxidation of mouse liver microsome was investigated using female ICR mouse (6~7 weeks of age). Mice were adapted in a temperature- and humidity-controlled house for one week and randomly divided into 7 treatment groups (10 mice/cage/treatment). Mice were intubated p.o., AEY (50, 100 and 150 mg) or control egg yolk (CEY, 150 mg) every week for 3 weeks. BHT (5 mg) and α-tocopherol (50 mg) were fed to mice as positive control. At week 4, the liver microsome was prepared from sacrificed mice. Protein content of mouse liver microsome with AEY treatment was relatively higher than that with CEY treatment. AEY treatment remarkably lowered the content of unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid and linoleic acid, but raised that of the saturated fatty acids including stearic acid. AEY group showed relatively higher antioxidative activity than CEY, when used Asc/Fe^(+2) or NADPH/Fe^(+2) as oxidant. Antioxidative activity of AEY was more effective than α-tocopherol, but less effective than BHT.

Astaxanthin처리 산란계로부터 생산된 난황이 Mouse의 마크로파지 활성과 응집소가 및 용혈소가에 미치는 영향

김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),박숙자(Sook-Jahr Park),김정곤(Jeong-Kon Kim),김영림(Young-Rim Kim),박원석(Won-Seck Park),조용운(Yong-Un Cho),조현종(Hyeon-Jong Cho),김정환(Jeong-Hwan Kim),하영래(Yeong-Lae Ha) 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.6

마크로파지의 활성을 조사하기 위해 carbon clearance time을 조사한 결과 AEY 처리구가 control이나 CEY 처리구에 비해 짧았다. 특히 AEY 500 μg 처리에서 carbon clearance 시간이 5분으로 control에서 9.42분, CEY(250 μg 처리)에서 9.01분보다 유의성있는 감소를 보였다. AEY 처리에 의해 응집소가와 용혈소가가 다소 증가되었다. SRBC 처리 1일째와 3일째에 250 μg 처리구를 비교해 보면, control, CEY, AEY의 응집소가는 각각 5.50, 5.63, 6.00 및 5.25, 5.38, 5.50로 용혈소가는 각각 4.75, 5.38, 5.50 및 4.25, 5.63, 5.63으로 AEY 처리구가 control, CEY 처리구에 비해 면역 활성이 있었지만 유의성은 없었다. Effect of the egg yolks from laying hens intubated, p.o., astaxanthin (designated AEY) on mouse humoral immunity was investigated using male ICR mouse (6~7 weeks of age). Mice were adapted in a temperature- and humidity-controlled house for one week and randomly divided into 5 treatment groups (9 mice/cage/treatment). Mice were intubated p.o., AEY (100, 250 and 500 μg) or control egg yolks (CEY, 250 μg), dissolved in 0.1 mL DMSO, for consecutive 4 days. At day 5, carbon suspension (pilot drawing ink 3 mL+3% gelatine 3 mL) was injected 3 μL per 1 g body weight through tail vein. Carbon clearance time was measured at 5 and 35 minutes post the injection of carbon suspension. Another two experiments were conducted to determine the hemagglutinin-titer (HGT) and hemolysin-titer (HLT) with male ICR mouse (8 mice/cage/treatment). Mice treated with AEY were induced immune activity with SRBC. HGT and HLT were measured from the blood at day 1 and 3 after treatment of SRBC. AEY treatment reduced the carbon clearance time. Especially the carbon clearance time by 500 μg AEY treatment was 5.00 minutes, which was very short time compared with 9.42 minutes by control and 9.01 minutes by CEY. AEY group showed slightly higher values of HGT and HLT than CEY group and control. At day 1, HGT in control, 250 μg CEY and 250 μg AEY groups was 5.50, 5.63, and 6.00, respectively. Similarly, HLT in control, 250 μg CEY and 250 μg AEY groups was 4.75, 5.38, and 5.50, respectively, at day 1. These results suggest that AEY exhibited immunity-enhancing effect.

자연정화공법을 이용한 소형 축산폐수처리장치의 최적여재 선정

김아름(Ah-Reum Kim),김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),서동철(Dong-Cheol Seo),박종환(Jong-Hwan Park),김성헌(Sung-Hun Kim),이성태(Seong-Tae Lee),정태욱(Tae-Uk Jeong),최정호(Jeong-Ho Choi),김현욱(Hyunook Kim),조주식(Ju-Sik Cho),허종수(Jong-Soo Heo) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.2

소규모 축산농가로부터 발생되는 축산폐수를 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 인공습지를 개발하기 위하여 인공습지에서 가장 중요한 인자 중 하나인 최적 여재의 선정에 관하여 연구하였다. 최적여재를 선정하기 위하여 여재를 왕사, 쇄석, 제올라이트 및 방해석으로 달리하여 충진한 후 각 여재별 축산폐수 처리효율 조사한 결과 COD 처리효율은 왕사가 다른 여재에 비하여 높았고, SS 처리효율은 모든 여재에서 94~95%로 큰 차이 없었다. 또한 T-N 처리효율은 제올라이트가 다른여재에 비해 높았고, T-P 처리효율은 방해석이 다른여재에 비해 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 COD,SS, T-N 및 T-P 모두를 안정적으로 처리할 수 있는 최적여재는 왕사였다. 소형 축산폐수처리장치에서 질소와 인 처리효율을 극대화 하기 위해 호기성조 (왕사:쇄석:방해석=3:2:1)와 혐기성조 (왕사:쇄석:제올라이트=3:2:1)에 혼합여재를 주입한 결과 최적 여재인 왕사에 비해 질소 및 인 처리효율이 각각 15% 및 7% 향상되었다. In order to develop livestock wastewater treatment technology by natural purification method, the optimum filter media in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus for treating livestock wastewater were studied. Removal rates of pollutants under different filter media were in the other of coarse sand ≒ broken stone > zeolite > calcite for COD, zeolite >> broken stone ≒ coarse sand ≒ calcite for T-N, and calcite > coarse sand ≒ broken stone ≒ zeolite for T-P. Based on the above results, the optimum filter media was coarse sand in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus. To meet acceptable effluent quality standard for livestock wastewater and to improve T-N and T-P removal efficiencies, removal efficiencies of pollutants in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with mixed filter media were studied. The removal rates of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in effluent were 84, 94, 65 and 98% in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with mixed filter media, respectively. For increasing the T-N and T-P removals in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus, the mixed filter media are recommended.

Aspergillus awamori와 Zymomonas mobilis로 구성된 혼합고정화 배양계의 에탄올 생산에 미치는 Neupectin-L의 영향

이상원,조용운,김홍출,박석규,성낙계 ( Sang Won Lee,Yong Un Cho,Hong Chul Kim,Seok Kyu Park,Nack Kie Sung ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.2

In order to reduce energy input in direct ethanol production from raw starch by co-immobilized Aspergillus awamori(A) and Zymomonas mobilis(Z), A-Z 36 culture system which was changed to anaerobic after 36 h of aerobic fermentation without sterilization was investigated. This immobilized cell system can not be carried out under unsterile conditions because of growth of microbial contaminants from original medium. Among some food additives such as sorbic acid, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Vantocil IB and Neupectin-L, Vantocil IB and Neupectin-L were a potent antibacterial agent in A-Z 36 culture cell system and were not affected in hydrolysis of substrate as compared with the case of control. Ethanol yield(6.9 g/ℓ) in system of addition of 0.1% Neupectin-L was slightly higher than that in control(6.4 g/ℓ). When 2% starch was fed five times in fed-batch culture with 0.1% Neupectin-L, ethanol yield and productivity were 34 g/ℓ and 2.0 g/ℓ/day, respectively.

흑두로 제조한 청국에서 분리된 Bacillus subtillus BB-1으로 부터 혈전용해효소 유전자 크로닝 및 특성규명

이영훈,이성호,전주미,김홍출,조용운,박기훈,최영주,갈상완,Lee Young-Hoon,Lee Sung-Ho,Jeon Ju-Mi,Kim Hong-Chul,Cho Yong-Un,Park Ki-Hoon,Choi Young-Ju,Gal Sang-Wan 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

흑두로 제조한 청국으로부터 혈전용해력이 우수한 균을 선발하여 동정하였으며, 그를 Bacillus subtilis BB-1로 명명하였다. 이 균은 혈전용해효소 isozyme을 적어도 5개이상 생성하는 균주로 확인되었다. 이 균으로부터 크로모좀을 분리하여 shot gun법으로 혈전용해효소 유전자를 크로닝하였으며, 이 유전자를 BSF-1이라 명명하였다. 이 유전자는 714개의 아미노산을 암호화하고 있으며 기존에 밝혀진 혈전용해효소 유전자와 상동성은 검출되지 않은 새로운 혈전용해효소 유전자였다. 혈전용해효소활성 최적 pH 및 온도는 5.0과 $35^{\circ}C$였다. 기질특이성은 적혈구 배지 또는 skim milk, gelatin등에 전혀 분해활성이 없었다. 이는 혈전만을 특이적으로 분해하는 기질특이성을 보였으며, 혈전분해효소로서의 이용가능성이 충분한 것으로 판단된다. A bacterium producing five fibrinolytic isozymes was isolated from black bean chung kuk. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis BB-1 by 16s rDNA sequence homology search. A gene out of five fibrinolytic genes in the Bacillus subtilis BB-1 was cloned by shot-gun method. A Cla I DNA fragment of B. subtilis BB-1 chromosome was cloned in to pBluescript II SK(-) and showed the fibrinolytic activity to bacterial cells. The Cla I DNA fragment was sequenced and the sequences did not show homology with gene for protease or fibrinolytic enzyme genes in other organisms. The Cla I DNA fragment was reduced to 2,142 bp by activity-guided PCR cloning method. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were 5.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. Substrate specificity of the fibrinolytic enzyme was detected in skim milk, casein, gelatin and blood agar plates. The activity of the enzyme was not detected with these substrates. Taken together, this enzyme is a new fibrinolytic enzyme and may be used to prevent thrombosis and arteriosclerosis.

철 함침 낙엽 Biochar에 의한 음이온성 염료의 흡착특성

박종환 ( Jong-hwan Park ),김홍출 ( Hong-chul Kim ),김영진 ( Yeong-jin Kim ),서동철 ( Dong-cheol Seo ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회지 Vol.39 No.4

BACKGROUND: There is a need for a revolutionary method to overcome the problem of biochar, which has relatively low adsorption capacity for existing anion pollutants, along with collectively recycling fallen leaves, a kind of forest by-product. Therefore, the objective of this study was to prepare iron-decorated biochar derived from fallen leaves (Fe-FLB), and to evaluate their adsorption properties to Congo red (CR) as anionic dye. METHODS AND RESULTS: The adsorption properties of CR by fallen leaves biochar (FLB) and Fe-FLB were performed under various conditions such as initial CR concentration, reaction time, pH and dosage with isotherm and kinetic models. In this study, Fe-FLB prepared through iron impregnation and pyrolysis of fallen leaves contained 56.9% carbon and 6.3% iron. Congo red adsorption by FLB and Fe-FLB was well described by Langmuir model and pseudo second order model and the maximum adsorption capacities of FLB and Fe-FLB were 1.1 mg/g and 25.6 mg/g, respectively. In particular, it was found that the adsorption of CR was occurred by chemical adsorption process by the outer boundary layer of Fe-FLB. CONCLUSION: Overall, the production of Fe-FLB using fallen leaves and using it as an anion adsorbent is considered to be a way to overcome the problem of biochar with relatively low anion adsorption in addition to the reduction effect of waste.

연구보문 : 수질환경 ; 활성슬러지-인공습지 공법에 의한 돈사폐수처리시스템에서 오염물질의 분획별 정화효율 평가

김성헌 ( Seong Heon Kim ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),박종환 ( Jong Hwan Park ),이충헌 ( Choong Heon Lee ),최정호 ( Jeong Ho Choi ),김홍출 ( Hong Chul Kim ),하영래 ( Yeong Rae Ha ),조주식 ( Ju Sik Cho ),허종수 ( Jong Soo Heo ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.4

BACKGROUND: To design and develop a constructed wetland for effective livestock wastewater treatment, it is necessary to understand the removal mechanisms of various types of pollutants in constructed wetlands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficiency of pollutants under different types of fraction in constructed wetland system for treating piggery wastewater. METHODS AND RESULTS: The piggery wastewater treatment plant that consisted of activated sludge tank, aerobic and anaerobic beds was constructed. The concentration of COD(Chemical oxygen demand) in effluent by fraction was 71.5 mg/L for soluble COD, 142 mg/L insoluble COD. The concentration of SS(Suspended solid) in effluent by existing form was 102 mg/L for volatile SS, 15.5 mg/L for fixed SS. The concentration of T-N(Total nitrogen) and T-P(Total phosphorus) in effluent by existing form were 12.8 mg/L and 3.05 mg/L for dissolved form, 35.0 mg/L and 1.93 mg/L for suspended form. The removal efficiencies of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in hot season(summer and autumn) were higher than those in cold season(spring and winter). The removal efficiencies of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in effluent were 98.0, 99.0, 98.2 and 99.2% for all seasons, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The results indicated that removal types of pollutants were insoluble COD(ICOD), volatile SS(VSS), dissolved T-N(DTN) and dissolved T-P(DTP) in constructed wetlands for treating piggery wastewater.

단일 및 복합중금속용액에서 제강급랭슬래그의 경쟁흡착특성

박종환 ( Jong Hwan Park ),김홍출 ( Hong Chul Kim ),김성헌 ( Seong Heon Kim ),이성태 ( Seong Tae Lee ),강병화 ( Byung Hwa Kang ),강세원 ( Se Won Kang ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회지 Vol.35 No.1

BACKGROUND: Heavy metal adsorption not only depends on rapid cooling slag(RCS) characteristics but also on the nature of the metals involved and on their competitive behavior for RCS adsorption sites. The goal of this study was to investigate the competitive absorption characteristics of Cu, Cd and Zn in single- and multi-metal forms by RCS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Both single- and multi-metal adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the adsorption characteristics of RCS for the heavy metals. Adsorption behaviors of the heavy metals by RCS were evaluated using both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equations. The maximum adsorption capacities of metals by RCS were in the order of Cu(16.6 mg/g) > Cd(8.1 mg/g) > Zn(6.2 mg/g) in the single-metal adsorption isotherm and Cu(14.5 mg/g) >> Zn(1.3 mg/g) > Cd(0.6 mg/g) in the multi-metal adsorption isotherm. Based on data obtained from Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models and three-dimensional simulation, multi-metal adsorption behaviors differed from single- metal adsorption due to competition. Cadmium and Zn were easily exchanged and substituted by Cu during multi-metal adsorption. CONCLUSION: Results from adsorption experiments indicate that competitive adsorption among metals increases the mobility of these metals.

보문 : 용매의 분획에 따른 겨자 물추출물의 항균성

서권일(Kwon Il Seo),김홍출(Hong Chul Kim),심기환(Ki Hwan Shim) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 1997 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.4 No.3