초음파가 흰쥐의 좌골신경 압좌손상 후 척수내 Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules의 발현에 미치는 영향

김현애,한종만,Kim, Hyun-Ae,Han, Jong-Man 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect on nerve regeneration of ultrasound irradiation in rats with peripheral nerve injury. Methods: To investigate alterations of the NCAM immunoreactivity in non-crushed part and crushed part of the spinal cord, the unilateral sciatic nerve of the rats were crushed. The expression of NCAM was used as the marked of peripheral nerve regeneration, and also plays an important role in developing nerve system. Experimental animals were sacrificed by perfusion fixation at post-injury 1, 3, 7, 14 days after ultrasound irradiation. The pulsed US was applied at a frequency of 1MHz and a spatial average-temporal average Intensity of 0.5W/of (20% pulse ratio) for 1 mins. The Luxol fast blue-cresyl violet stain were also done to observe the morphological changes. Results: Alteration of NCAM immunoreactivity in the crushed part and the non-crushed part of lower lumbar spinal cord were observed. NCAM-immunoreactivity cells were some increased in the dorsal horn lamina I, III and cell ventral horn at 1 day after unilateral sciatic nerve injury. However, there was not significant difference in the relationship between crushed part and non-crushed part. NCAM-inmmunoreactivity was remarkably increased at 3 days after unilateral sciatic nerve injuryin the gray matter and white matter. NCAM-immunoreactivity was increased in the ventral horn and post horn of experimental crushed part. Also, NCAM-immunoreactivity in large motor neurons in ventral horns lamina VIII, IX were increased at 7 days after unilateral sciatic nerve injury. At 14 days after sciatic nerve crushed injury, there was no significant difference. All group were decreased for 14 days. In the time course of NCAM expression, all groups showed a significant difference at 3day groups(p<0.05). Whereas, CC group was noted a significant difference between 3day and 7 day group respectively. In NCAM expression, there were significantly increased in all group. In the relationship between CNC group and ENC group, significant difference was detected among 3, 7, 14 day group(p<0.05). The difference between CC group and ENC group were noted in all groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: It is consequently suggested that the effects of the ultrasound irradiation may increase the NCAM immunoreactive neurons and glial cell in the spinal cord after unilateral sciatic nerve crushed injury. Therefore, the increased NCAM immunoreactivity in the spinal cord may reflect the neuronal damage and healing process induced by a ultrasound irradiation after peripheral nerve injury in rat.

한국무용 3단 디딤새 동작의 운동학적 및 하지근 근전도 분석

김현애 ( Hyun Ae Kim ),최영은 ( Young Eun Choi ) 한국리듬운동학회 2010 한국리듬운동학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study examines time variables, changes in hip joint angle, changes in knee joint angle, changes in ankle joint angle, changes in knee joint angular velocity, and changes in knee joint angular velocity according to the level of proficiency of the basic three footstep motions in Korean traditional dance. Moreover, the average values of integral calculus electromyogram to the major lower leg muscles in the three footstep motions are calculated to draw the activity of muscles. The results are as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in time variables between proficient ones and unskilled ones of the three footstep motions. 2. As to changes in hip joint angle, it is thought that proficient ones maintain the upper body erect while stepping forward without overloading the hip joint, and with soles of feet, knees, and the body in a straight line, which are desirable motions, while unskilled ones could not maintain the right position with the body shaking while the center of gravity was moving from calcaneus to longitudinal metatarsal. 3. As to changes in knee joint and ankle joint angles, there was no significant difference between proficient ones and unskilled ones. 4. As to hip joint angular velocity, proficient ones had the hip joint angular velocity drastically lowered so that the calcaneus can sustain the phalange, which results from the vertical descent while treading with metatarsals. 5. As to knee joint angular velocity, proficient ones showed changes in angular speed upon treading with metatarsals, which is because of the bending of knee joints and huge effect on knee joints during the footsteps. Motions of feet seem to be maintained in a stable and constant manner. On the contrary, the changes in angular velocity were reduced while unskilled ones trod with longitudinal metatarsals, which caused bending of knee joints but no effect on knee joints during the three footstep motions. 6. As to changes in ankle joint angular velocity, the drastic speed reduction of the hip joint angular as both proficient and unskilled ones could tread with phalange in support of calcaneus resulted from the vertical descent while treading with metatarsals. 7. As to physical activity of ankle joints and changes in muscle contraction, there was no significant difference in relation to ankle angle, ankle angular velocity, Tibialis Anterior muscle, and outer gastrocnemius muscle while contraction of inner gastrocnemius muscle and soleus was active and accelerated, which indicates that the use of soleus muscle and inner gastrocnemius muscle is important in the three footstep motions.

초등 과학 몰입수업에서 원어민 교사 발화

김현애(Kim, Hyun-Ae),고정민(Ko, Jungmin) 한국응용언어학회 2008 응용 언어학 Vol.24 No.1

This paper investigates characteristics of teacher talk in an elementary immersion class in Korea. One native teacher of English and his eighteen elementary students participated in this study. Having majored in elementary education in Canada, the native teacher was teaching science to the students in Korea. The class was videotaped and audio-taped. The recorded data was transcribed and then analyzed in terms of display questions, meaning negotiation, speech rate, syntactic simplification, replacement with easy words, limitation, and corrective feedback. Even though the teacher used a lot of display questions in establishing concepts, he kept taking follow-up moves, which involved students" active interaction with the teacher and helped students construct new knowledge. Meaning negotiation occurred through multi-stages to learn targeted concepts. The teacher spoke with his students at a normal speech rate for native speakers of English and did not simplify syntactic complexity. Instead, the teacher replaced difficult words with easy words in order to help students understand targeted concepts. The teacher also used strategy of limitation in eliciting from the students the words or concepts the teacher had in his mind.

공간분포모델을 활용한 사료작물 이탈리안 라이그라스 (Lolium multiflorum L.)의 재배적지 변동예측연구

김현애 ( Hyun Ae Kim ),현신우 ( Shinwoo Hyun ),김광수 ( Kwang Soo Kim ) 한국농림기상학회 2014 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Under climate change, it is likely that the suitable area for forage crop cultivation would change in Korea. The potential cultivation areas for italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), which has been considered one of an important forage crop in Korea, were identified using the EcoCrop model. To minimize the uncertainty associated with future projection under climate change, an ensemble approach was attempted using five climate change scenarios as inputs to the EcoCrop model. Our results indicated that most districts had relatively high suitability, e.g., >80, for italian ryegrass in South Korea. Still, suitability of the crop was considerably low in mountainous areas because it was assumed that a given variety of italian ryegrass had limited cold tolerance. It was predicted that suitability of italian ryegrass would increase until 2050s but decrease in 2080s in a relatively large number of regions due to high temperature. In North Korea, suitability of italian ryegrass was considerably low, e.g., 28 on average. Under climate change, however, it was projected that suitability of italian ryegrass would increase until 2080s. For example, suitability of italian ryegrass was more than 80 in 10 districts out of 14 by 2080s. Because cold tolerance of italian ryegrass varieties has been improved, it would be preferable to optimize parameters of the EcoCrop model for those varieties. In addition, it would be possible to grow italian ryegrass as the second crop following rice in Korea in the future. Thus, it merits further study to identify suitable areas for italian ryegrass cultivation after rice using new varieties of italian ryegrass.

MIMO-LTE 환경에서 형평성이 뛰어난 스케줄링 알고리즘

김현애(Hyun Ae Kim),김보라(Bo Ra Kim),박소령(So Ryoung Park) 대한전자공학회 2011 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.12

이 논문에서는 MIMO-LTE 환경에서 형평성이 뛰어난 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 스케줄링 알고리즘은 기존 PF 기반 동적 자원 할당 방법으로서, 사용자 선택 시 평균 데이터 속도와 채널 예상 속도의 비를 조절하여 형평성 있게 사용자들에게 데이터를 할당함과 동시에, 한 TTI 안에서 한 사용자가 할당받을 수 있는 비트 수를 제한해 독점을 막고 나머지 RB들은 데이터를 가장 적게 받은 사용자를 선택하여 하나씩 할당하는 방법이다. 이 알고리즘은 각 채널 상태에 적합한 데이터를 할당함과 동시에 채널 상태가 좋지 않은 사용자의 손해를 보상해줌으로써 기존 PF 방식에서 보이는 사용자들 간 속도 차이의 폭을 줄여주어, PF 방식의 평균 데이터 속도에서 보이는 차이의 폭을 줄여주었다.

초등 사회과 역사 영역 서술에 관한 검토

김현애(Kim Hyun-Ae) 역사문화연구소 2012 역사문화논총 Vol.- No.7

일부 의과대학생들의 사망진단서 작성의 정확성 평가

김현애(Hyun-Ae Kim),김건엽(Keon-Yeop Kim),감신(Sin Kam),오경재(Gyung-Jae Oh),신민호(Min-Ho Shin),손석준(Seok-Joon Sohn),김순영(Soon-Young Kim),남해성(Hae-Sung Nam) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2010 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.35 No.1

의과대학 본과 4학년 학생들의 사망진단서의 작성 능력을 살펴보고자, 2007년 5월부터 8월까지 충청도, 전라도, 경상도의 4개 의과대학 본과 4학년 학생 380명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 사망진단서 작성을 위한 10개의 사례들과 사망진단서 작성 양식, 그리고 사망진단서 작성과 관련된 교육 경험에 관한 문항들로 구성되었다. 교육 유형별 사망진단서 작성 정확도를 평가하기 위해 학생들이 기술한 사인들이 기준사인과 일치되는 정도와 기재내용의 오류 등을 파악하였다. 설문 미응답자 61명을 제외한 232명의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 10개 사례에 대한 4단계 사망원인 평균 일치개수 즉 CD는 9.6±3.8이었다. 4단계 사망원인들 중 최하단에 기재한 원사인의 평균 일치 개수 즉 UC1은 4.8±1.7이었고, 학생들이 기술한 4단계 사망원인들 중에서 사인분류사에 의해 선정된 원사인의 평균 일치 개수 즉 UC2는 5.6±1.5이었다. UC1과 UC2는 사례중심 교육집단이 이론교육집단 보다 높았다. 주오류의 세부 내용별로 살펴보면 ‘선행사인 미기입’의 오류를 가진 경우(78.9%)가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 ‘한 칸에 두개 사인 기입’(48.3%), ‘Ⅱ부에 Ⅰ부 기입‘(43.1%)등의 오류를 범하는 경우 등이 많았다. 주오류와 부오류 모두 사례중심교육집단이 이론교육집단보다 평균 오류의 수가 더 적었다. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of completing death certificates among medical students. Methods: The self-administered questionnaires were completed, during May to August 2007, by 380 medical students in senior. The questionnaire was composed of 10 cases to write the death certificate. The cause-of-deaths written by students were compared with the gold standards and their errors in the certificates also evaluated. Results: Mean agreement score for 10 underlying cause-of-deaths completed on the lowest line of part I in the death certificate (UC1) was 4.8±1.7, and for underlying cause-of-death selected by a coder of the death certificates (UC2) was 5.6±1.5. The UC1 and UC2 were significantly higher among the students having the case-oriented education for death certificate than others. For the major errors in the certificates completed by students, the students having the error with no antecedent cause were highest, the error with two or more conditions secondly highest. Mean number of errors was significantly lower in the case-oriented education group than others. Conclusions: Errors are common in the death certificates completed by medical students in senior. The accuracy of death certification may be more improved with the case-oriented education than the traditional method.

국내 토착 곤충의 항혈전 비교

김현애 ( Hyun Ae Kim ),이상한 ( Sang Han Lee ),최영철 ( Young Cheol Choi ),박관호 ( Kwan Ho Park ),황재삼 ( Jae Sam Hwang ),김남정 ( Nam Jung Kim ),남성희 ( Sung Hee Nam ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.2

The fibrinolytic activity of aqueous extracts from Korean indigenous insects were studied. Fibrinolytic activity of aqueous extract from 5 insects (larva and adult parts of Meloimorpha japonica, Allomyrina dichotoma, Cetonia pilifera, Apis mellifera) showed 2.7-fold potent than that of plasmin used as a positive control. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity was observed through the degradation products by SDS-PAGE. The extracts efficiently hydrolyzed α-, β- and γ chains of human fibrinogen. This study suggested that aqueous extracts from Korean indigenous insects have potential in developing a useful source of antithrombosis agent (s).

전문대학 광고관련학과 교육과정에 대한 전문가 및 졸업생들의 인식에 관한 연구

김현애 ( Hyun-ae Kim ) 한국고등직업교육학회 2008 한국고등직업교육학회논문집 Vol.9 No.4

The purpose of college education related advertising is to train advertising professionals. To achieve this goal, colleges are emphasizing practical hands-on approach to education in the advertising field. This research will find out how much practical knowledge and ability graduates of advertising college programs have in their respective fields and how the advertising industry judges the quality of graduates in terms of their knowledge and ability in advertising. From the research we will provide the basic data from which colleges can develop an effective advertising curriculum. To properly train advertising professionals, we have selected the following fields of study as necessary education needed to succeed in the ad field: critical theory, creative ability, practical ability, technical skills, basic knowledge of humanities and foreign language skills. The research has shown that advertising professionals acknowledge the lack of knowledge and ability of college graduates of advertising departments as do the graduates themselves when working in the professional field. Based on data provided by graduates currently working in advertising fields, there is a need for well-trained graduates from advertising related departments. In order to achieve this we need to restructure the curriculum of the colleges to be more effective in educating future advertising professionals.

비타민 C, Silicon, 철분, Proline 및 Lysine의 처리가 피부 섬유아세포의 증식 및 Collagen Ⅰ과 Ⅲ의 발현에 미치는 효과 비교

김선아(Sun-Ah Kim),이진아(Jin-Ah Lee),김정민(Jung-Min Kim),김현애(Hyun-Ae Kim),김영애(Young-Ae Kim),윤혜정(Hye-Jeong Yun),조윤희(Yunhi Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.11

본 연구에서는 HS27 피부 섬유아세포에 비타민 C, silicon, 철분, proline 및 lysine을 혈청 및 피부 내 농도 범위로 처리한 후 세포의 증식을 비롯하여 콜라겐 Ⅰ과 Ⅲ의 mRNA 및 단백질의 발현을 비교하였다. 비타민 C는 처리 기간 및 농도와 무관하게 세포 증식 및 mRNA 발현에 영향을 미치지 않았으며 콜라겐 type Ⅰ 및 Ⅲ의 단백질 발현은 각각 5~50 μM, 10~50 μM 농도에서 5일 처리 시 683.9%, 182% 이상으로 발현을 증가시켰다. Silicon의 3일 및 5일 농도별 처리는 세포증식과 콜라겐 mRNA 및 단백질 발현을 다소 감소시키거나 영향을 미치지 않았다. 철분의 3일 및 5일 처리는 혈청내 농도(11~35 μM)에서 콜라겐 mRNA 발현에 영향을 미치지 않았으며 세포 증식 및 콜라겐 단백질 발현을 증가시켰다. 또한 철분의 5~30 μM의 농도 처리는 5일 처리보다 3일 처리 시 발현수준이 훨씬 컸다. 콜라겐의 구성 아미노산인 proline 및 lysine은 섬유아세포의 증식을 증가시켰다. 따라서 단기간의 콜라겐의 합성 증가는 철분의 섭취가 적합하나 장기간의 섭취에는 비타민 C의 섭취와 더불어 철분의 섭취가 필요한 것으로 여겨진다. In the dermis, fibroblast plays an important role in the turnover of the dermal extracellular matrix. Collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, which are the most important dermal proteins of the extracellular matrix, function as a stabilizing scaffold of dermal connective tissues, as well as a regulator of differentiation and migration of dermal cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of various nutrients, such as ascorbic acid, silicon, Fe, lysine and proline which function as cofactors or building blocks on collagen synthesis. When the physiological concentrations of ascorbic acid (0~100 μM), silicon (0~50 μM), Fe (0~50 μM), lysine (0~150 μM) and proline (0~300 μM) were treated at HS27 for either 3 or 5 days, 5 day treatment of ascorbic acid at the low concentration (5~10 μM) increased the expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ protein by 115~1300% without increasing cell proliferation. 3 or 5 days treatment of Fe increased the expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ proteins up to 323% in parallel with cell proliferation by 164%. However, cell proliferation and expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ protein in silicon treated HS27 did not differ. Proline and lysine only increased cell proliferation up to 247.9%. Taken together, we demonstrate that the physiological concentrations of ascorbic acid and Fe enhance the expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ protein for treatment of 3 or 5 days.