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산취급사업장근로자에서 산의 원천별 치아부식증의 분포 및 연관 요인에 관한 조사연구
박승민 ( Seung-min Park ),신명섭 ( Myung-seop Shin ),공미선 ( Mi-sun Kong ),김현덕 ( Hyun-duck Kim ) 대한구강보건학회 2016 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.40 No.4
Objectives: No evidence has been found on various types of dental erosion, except for occupational dental erosion. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of four types of dental erosion (occupational, dietary, systemic, and gastric) and its associated factors among workers in factories that use acids. Methods: Of 89,034 workers from 4,625 factories that use acids, 716 workers from 38 factories were selected for this cross-sectional epidemiological study by using three-stage stratified cluster sampling. Evaluation for dental erosion was performed by a trained dentist by using Kim`s criteria, and a saliva sample was collected directly from each participant. Data on acid sources and associated factors were collected by using questionnaires. By using a complex sample analysis, the T test and Rao-Scott chisquare test were applied to analyze the distribution of four acid factors and to evaluate the associated factors. Results: The prevalence of overall dental erosion was 37.7% for occupational dental erosion, 23.1% for dietary dental erosion, 3.1% for systemic dental erosion, and 3.2% for gastric dental erosion. The prevalence of severe dental erosion was 10.5% for occupational dental erosion, 7.1% for dietary dental erosion, 1.8% for systemic dental erosion, and 1.7% for gastric dental erosion. The factors associated with dental erosion were age, sex, acid exposure, dental cervical abrasion, and dental attrition. Conclusions: Our data showed that the prevalence of dental erosion was high, moderate, and low in occupational, dietary, and gastric and systemic dental erosions, respectively, among workers exposed to acids. The related factors differed according to the types of dental erosion. Our data suggested that different types of promotion programs for dental erosion should be considered according to acid source.
PGA 월드챔피언십 스폰서기업의 스폰서 활동이 단기적 주가변동에 미치는 영향
김현덕 ( Hyun Duck Kim ),정창욱 ( Chang Wook Jung ) 대한관광경영학회 2010 觀光硏究 Vol.25 No.5
PGA와 LPGA에서 많은 한국 선수들이 좋은 성적을 거두면서 근대 한국에서의 골프산업은 많은 발전과 도약을 꿈꾸고 있다. 기존 연구에서 논의된 것처럼 스포츠와 지역 관광의 경제적 효과는 타 산업에 비해 높은 고용창출, 소득창출 그리고 부가가치와 조세창출 등을 보여 지역경제발전에 크게 기여하고 있음을 증명해 주었다. 이처럼 관광산업과 밀접한 관련이 있는 스포츠산업에서 스폰서십이란 해당 기업의 이미지뿐만 아니라 기업의 경제적 창출효과를 위한 홍보 수단으로 사용되고 있다. 현대 스포츠관광산업의 발전에 중추적 역할을 한 대규모스포츠 이벤트의 운영은 기업스폰서들의 스폰서십 활동 없이는 불가능한 것이다. 지금까지 대규모 스포츠 이벤트의 스폰서십 효과측정은 해당 관중이나 시청자들의 기업에 대한 이미지, 제품의 인지도를 주목적으로 사전·사후 설문방법을 통한 자료수집과 통계분석을 이용한 연구가 주를 이루었다. 그러나 이와 같이 경기 참여자 혹은 관람자의 인지력에 의존하는 미시적인 스폰서십 효과 측정은 조사방법의 한계와 결과치의 객관성 부족으로 인해 연구들을 일반화하기가 어려운 것이 사실이다. 본 연구는 이러한 선행연구들의 한계점을 극복·해결하고자 경제학과 회계학 분야에서 사용되는 사건연구분석방법(Event Study)을 토대로 골프 스폰서 기업들의 사건기간 내 주가변동에 따른 기업 가치 변화를 측정하였다. 2009년 PGA 골프 챔피언십 대회 참여 기업들이 스폰서십을 시작한 대회 10일 전을 기점으로 대회 마지막 날까지의 주식 초과수익률(AR)과 누적초과수익률(CAR) 변동을 바탕으로 스폰서십 효과를 측정하였다. 측정결과 스폰서에 참가한 기업들의 주가 변동에 있어서 대회 9일전부터 대회 당일까지 집중적인 초과수익률 및 누적초과수익률의 증가를 보였다. 결과를 종합해 볼 때 PGA(미국 프로 골프 협회)와 파트너십을 통해 이루어지는 각 기업들의 스폰서십 활동은 그들의 시장가치 형성과 브랜드가치 형성에 유의한 효과가 있음이 밝혀졌다. With the success of Korean professional golfers in the world stage, the overall magnitude of Korean golf industry has growing rapidly. As described in sport tourism literature, sporting events such as PGA golf tournaments, have created economical and psychological effects on regional and national tourism industry. However, without corporate sponsors involved in the sporting events, it is difficult to successfully host those sporting events which require substantial amount of financial resources. In the field of sport tourism, the role of sponsorship has been growing dramatically in promoting brand value publically. However, academic research concerning the effects of corporate sponsorship on sports tourism organizations and consumers has been sorely linked to verifying the effects of sponsorship on consumers` attitudes and psychological perceptions. Identifying psychological aspects of potential consumers may not be reliable indicators of corporate sponsor`s return on investment. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to empirically verify market reactions of corporate sponsors` stock prices for the PGA World Golf Championships. A total of four PGA World Golf Championship corporate sponsors were selected for this study. To calculate Abnormal Return(AR) and Cumulative Abnormal Return(CAR) of the the sponsors` stock value, event study method(Brown & Warner, 1985) was utilized for this study. In comparison with ARs and CARs during the estimation time period (100 days prior to the event), statistically significant increases in both AR and CAR during the following event days (t=-9; t=-6; t=0; t=5, p<0.5) were found. In other the words, there was evidence of positive reaction in the AR and CAR of the corporate sponsors` stock values.
연구논문 : 시판 김치 구매 행동에 관한 연구 -구매 경험이 있는 전북지역 주부를 대상으로-
김현덕 ( Hyun Duck Kim ),송영애 ( Young Ai Song ) 한국식품영양학회 2013 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.26 No.3
This paper investigated the purchase behavior of Kimchi products by surveying housewives in Jeonbuk area who have purchased Kimchi products. The studied consumers purchased Kimchi products for the convenience and time-saving aspects. Factors taken into account when purchasing Kimchi were hygiene, taste and ingredients. The main places of purchase for Kimchi products were large discount markets. The purchase information paths were product displays at stores and recommendations from acquaintances. The most purchased type of Kimchi products was cabbage Kimchi. An one-time purchase amount was 10,000~30,000 won. The most purchased size was to be 500 g~1 ㎏. Desired improvements for Kimchi products were a display of the ingredients origin, exclusion of monosodium glutamate, freshness, and hygiene. Based on the results, this research aids in analyzing the marketing mix (4P: product, price, place, promotion) of Kimchi products for Kimchi manufacturers.