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김창민,윤은경,이효민,최시내,한지연,김길생 한국식품위생안전성학회 1999 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.14 No.4
Recently, it is continuously rising to concern about the health risk being induced by microorganisms in food such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Various organizations and regulatory agencies including U.S.EPA, U.S.DA and FAO/WHO are preparing the methodology building to apply microbial quantitative risk assessment to risk-based food safety program. Microbial risks are primarily the result of single exposure and its health impacts are immediate and serious. Therefore, the methodology of risk assessment differs from that of chemical risk assessment. Microbial quantitative risk assessment consists of four steps; hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization. Hazard identification is accomplished by observing and defining the types of adverse health effects in humans associated with exposure to foodborne agents. Epidemiological evidence which links the various disease with the particular exposure route is an important component of this identification. Exposure assessment includes the quantification of microbial exposure regarding the dynamics of microbial growth in food processing, transport, packaging and specific time-temperature conditions at various points from animal production to consumption. Dose-response assessment is the process characterizing dose-response correlation between microbial exposure and disease incidence. Unlike chemical carcinogens, the dose-response assessment for microbial pathogens has not focused on animal models for extrapolation to humans. Risk characterization links the exposure assessment and dose-response assessment and involve uncertainty analysis. The methodology of microbial dose-response assessment is classified as nonthreshold and threshold approach. The nonthreshold model have assumption that one organism is capable of producing an infection if it arrives at an appropriate site and organism have independence. Recently, the Exponential, Beta-poission, Gompertz, and Gamma-weibull models are using as nonthreshold model. The Log-normal and Log-logistic models are using as threshold model. The threshold has the assumption that a toxicant is produce by interaction of organisms. In this study, it was reviewed detailed process including risk value using model parameter and microbial exposure dose. Also this study suggested model application methodology in field of exposure assessment using assumed food microbial data(NaCl, water activity, temperature, pH, etc.) and the commercially used Food MicroModel^ⓡ. We recognized that human volunteer data to the healthy man are preferred rather than epidemiological data for obtaining exact dose-response data. But, the foreign agencies are studying the characterization of correlation between human and animal. For the comparison of differences to the population sensitivity; it must be executed domestic study such as the establishment of dose-response data to the Korean volunteer by each microbial and microbial exposure assessment in food.
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계획과 검토 단계를 강조한 문제 해결 전략과 해결자 , 청취자 활동의 교수 효과
김창민,노태희,강석진,정영선 한국과학교육학회 2001 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.21 No.4
본 연구에서는 문제 해결 교수 방법의 효과를 조사하였다. 새로운 교수 방법은 계획과 검토 단계를 강조한 4단계 문제 해결 전략과 학생들의 문제 해결 수행을 점검하기 위한 해결자·청취자 활동으로 구성되어 있다. 고등학교 이과 2학년 2개 학급을 처치 집단과 통제 집단으로 무선 배치하였다. 수업 전에 수업 참여도에 대한 인식과 자아효능감 검사를 실시하여 그 점수를 공변인으로 사용하였다. 수업 후에는 학생들의 화학 문제 해결력, 수업 참여도에 대한 인식, 자아효능감을 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 화학 문제 해결력 검사와 수업 참여도에 대한 인식 검사에서는 처치 집단의 점수가 통제 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았다. 그러나 자아효능감 검사에서는 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 없었다. This study investigated the influences of an instructional method related to problem solving. The new instruction consists of a four-stage problem-solving strategy emphasizing 'planning' and 'checking' stages, and a think-aloud paired problem solving in order to check students' performances in solving problems. Two high school classes (n=91) were randomly assigned to the treatment and the control groups. Prior to the instructions, students' perception of involvement and self-efficacy were examined, and their scores were used as covariates in the analysis. Students' problem-solving ability, perception of involvement, and self-efficacy were examined after the instructions. The test scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group in the problem-solving ability and the perception of involvement. However, there was no significant difference between the scores of the two groups in the self-efficacy.
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위선암 발생에 있어 Helicobacter pylori 감염 및 cag A 유전자 발현의 역할
김창민,정숙향,이승숙,이진오,김유철,강태웅,이원애,송은정,조경자 대한소화기학회 1999 대한소화기학회지 Vol.33 No.3
Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to study the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and cagA expression in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods: One hundred forty six patients were divided into three groups. Case group included 50 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Control group 1 included 38 patients with nongastric cancer, and control group 2 included 58 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia Biopsy specimens were evaluated to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori by histology, rapid urease test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific for 16S rRNA and cagA mRNA of Helicobacter pylori. Results: The expression rates of 16S rRNA and cagA mRNA of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric carcinoma were 74% and 51%, respectively. Although 90% of patients with gastric carcinoma had Helicobacter pylori infection, the significant association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma was not observed. There was no significant association between cagA expression and gastric carcinoma. Conclusions: Helico bacter pylori infection and cagA expression were not associated with the risk of gastric carcinoma (Kor J Gastroenterol 1999;33:321 - 330)
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만성 간질환과 간세포암종 환자에서 Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor와 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor의 혈청 농도
김창민,홍석일,이진옥,유성재,정성문,정숙향,이진오,한철주,김종광,송용환,홍영준,김유철 대한간학회 2001 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.7 No.1
Background/Aims: Angiogenesis occurs in response to tissue damage, and is of vital importance for tumor growth and metastasis. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are potent angiogenic factors, and have been suggested to be useful diagnostic markers in certain hypervascular tumors. However, little is known of serum bFGF and VEGF in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We attempted to measure serum bFGF and VEGF in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) and HCC to assess their pathogenetic role and usability as tumor markers. Methods: Serum bFGF and VEGF were measured in 8 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 15 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 49 patients with HCC. bFGF was measured in 33, and VEGF was measured in 50, healthy blood donors. Results: Serum bFGF was 3.8±1.9, 2.0±1.4, 4.2±6.0, 17.4±30.0 pg/mL in normal control, CH, LC, HCC, respectively. The serum bFGF level was significantly increased in patients with HCC when compared withmal control or patients with CLD. No difference, however, was observed in serum VEGF levels among the four groups. The serum levels of bFGF and VEGF were not significantly different in patients with HCC according to tumor type, size and stage. Serum bFGF showed good sensitivity (90%), specificity (87%), and positive predictive value (94%) in differentiating patients with HCC from those with CLD at the cut-off value of 4.6 pg/mL. Conclusions: bFGF might play a role in the growth of HCC and its serum level might be used as a tumor marker. On the other hand, serum VEGF does not seem to be an adequate tumor marker.(Korean J Hepatol 2001;7:47-54)
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