소의 체외성숙난포란의 체외수정과 발생에 관한 연구

김창근(C . K . Kim),정영채(Y . C . Chung),윤종택(J . T . Yoon),최선하(S . H . Choi),류범용(B . Y . Ryu),정광조(K . J . Chung),김흥율(H . R . Kim),송해범(H . B . Song) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Effects of adding 10 to 20% fetal calf serum(FCS) and estrous cow serum(ECS), and hormones(GTH or GTH plus E₂) to maturation medium on in vitro maturation(IVM) and in vitro fertilization(IVF) of bovine follicular oocytes and effects of sperm treatment and bull on IVF and embryo development were studied. Finally, developmental potential these in-vitro fertilized embryos at 2-to 8-cell stage(44h postinsemination) was investigated under in vivo(rabbit oviduct) and in vitro(Ham`s Fl0 plus 10% FCS with or without bovine oviduct epithelial cells, BOEC) 4 day-culture system. 1. Addition of 10 to l5% FCS to mKRB and DM(-BSA) and of 20% FCS to Ham`s F10 increased(65%) IVM, respectively. IVM of these media supplemented with hormones was higher(70∼72%) than that of media without hormone. Addition of ECS showed higher IVM at 10% level for mKRB and 10 to 15% for TCM199 and the highest IVM(88%) was obtained in TCM199 containing 10% ECS and LH. 2. Higher IVF rate (based on formation of both pronuclei) in Exp I was obtained from oocytes matured in mKRB plus 10% FCS and HIS-sperm treatment. In Exp 2. IVFrate (based on cleavage. 2-3 cells) of oocytess matured in TCM199 was higher than in other media and IVF using fresh semen was significantly higher but was similar between sperm treatments. In Exr 3, IVM in TCM199 containing 10% ECS and LH and IVF by C+H-sperm treatment significantly increased early cleavage(2-to 8-cell). 3. In vitro-acrosome reaction(AR) among individual bulls in Exp 1 ranged from 16 to 45% and bull group having lower AR showed low IVF rate than group having higher AR. In Exp 3, cleavage rate by sperm treatment with both chemicals(C+H) was higher than that by H alone. 4. In IVF with in vivo-capaciated sperm, development from 2-to 3-cell to above 8-cell was higher under in vivo culture(54.5%) than under in vitro culture(31.3%) and higher in oocytes matured in TCM199 plus to ECS. In IVF with in vitro-capacitated sperm, development into above 8-cell stage was different between initial stage(2-to 3-and 4-to 8-cell) of embryos(26.7% : 41.7%) and significantly lower under in vitro culture from 2-to 3 cell stages(l0% : 29.4%). Under in vitro co-culture with BOEC, embryo development from 4-to 8-cell was significantly improved(53.3%) and 3(20%) of 15 cultured embryos developed into morula. The present results indicate that addition of ECS and hormones can improve IVM, IVF and development of bovine follicular oocytes, sperm factor may be important for IVF and further development, and co-culture with BOEC is an effective means for development into above 16-cell stage.

한국재래산양에서 계절이 정소기능, 정자의 내동성 및 수정능력에 미치는 영향 I. 정액성상과 정자의 내동성 및 난자침입능력의 계절적 변화

김창근,정영채,김광식,윤종택,이장희,정영호,최선호,김흥률,김수,권처진,Kim, C.K.,Chung, Y.C.,Kim, K.S.,Yoon, J.T.,Lee, J.H.,Chung, Y.H.,Choi, S.H.,Kim, H.Y.,Kim, S.,Kwon, C.J. 한국동물번식학회 1994 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.17 No.4

This study was conducted to observe seasonal and individual changes in semen characteristics and sperm freezability, and sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs in Korean native goats. Buck response and change in semen characteristics to electrical stimulations was evaluated for four seasons throughout 2 years and percentage of motile sperm and normal apical ridge acrosome was investigated after equilibration and thawing for 4 seasons with 5 bucks. Sperm penetration rate was evaluated for 4 bucks. 1. Probe insertion at depth of 7cm and repeated stimulation for 3 sec was more effective(P<0.05) in buck response and semen collection than those of other conditions. 2. Semen characteristics from electrojaculation was signficantly(P<0.005) higher in spring and fall for semen volume, in spring and summer for sperm concentration and in fall for sperm motility than those in other seasons, respectively. However, there were no differences in total sperm among seasons. 3. Buck response to electrical stimulation showed significant difference(P<0.05) among individuals in all 3 seasons except winter. Significant individual difference in semen volume was only in spring and summer, but there was no indivudual difference in sperm concentration and total sperm in all season. 4. Washing of semen before freezing treatment was greatly(P<0.05) beneficial to sperm motility after thawing, no matter whether ejaculates exhibit egg yolk coagulation or not. 5. Sperm motility after glycerol equilibration was significantly(P<0.05) low in summer semen and motility after thawing was greatly(P<0.05) higher in winter semen than in other seasons. Freezability of unwashed sperm was significantly difference among bucks, but a yearly freezability of washed sperm after chilling and thawing were no differences among bucks and percentage of normal apical ridge acrosome were not different among seasons and bucks. 6. There was no significant difference in sperm motility after thawing between egg yolk levels in summer, although 20% level gave more higher motility than 5% level. 7. In summer, 3.2% glycerol and 3-h equilibration gave greatest percentage(P<0.05) of sperm motility and normal apical ridge acrosome after thawing. 8. Sperm penetration rate into zona-free hamster eggs was not different between bucks and seasons. Overall, it is concluded that to obtain maximum sperm output and successive semen freezing by electrojaculation method, buck selection with good response in all season could be basically considered and that seasonal effect on sperm freezability was more greater than that of individual bucks.

미경산돈의 발정유기 및 혈중 Progesterone 수준변화에 관한 연구

김창근,정영채,정영호,김형태 ( C . K . Kim,Y . C . Chung,Y . H . Chung,H . T . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.3

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of PGF₂α injection on induction of estrus and change in blood progesterone concentration in normal and anestrous gilts. Six anestrous gilts and 5 normal gilts were used. For induction of estrus either 10㎎ PGF₂α or 10㎎ PGF₂α plus 1,000IU PMSG was intramuscularly injected. Serum progesterone concentration were determined by radioimmunoassay. Conception of gilts were confirmed by necropsy examination for ovary and uterus condition within 35 days after mating. The number of gilts which showed standing or dull estrus after either PGF₂α or PGF₂α plus PMSG injection was 5(83.3%) out of 6 long-anestrous gills and 4(80.0%) out of 5 normal gills. The average interval from PGF₂α injection to the induced estrus was 7.2 days (4 to 12 days) in 5 long-anestrous gills and 13.5 days (6 to 25 days) in 4 normal gills. The number of pregnant gills was 2 out of 4 long-anestrous gills and 3 out of 4 normal gills, except each one get in two groups which was necropsied too early to be confirmed whether pregnant or not, although their ovary and uterus were normal condition. Blood progesterone concentration of 11.0 ng/㎖ before PGF₂α injection in 5 longanestrous gills which showed estrus decreased to 3.0 ng/㎖ at 1 day and 1.3 ng/㎖ (11.8% of initial concentration) at 4 days and increased again to 4.3 ng/㎖ at 8 days after PGF₂α injection, respectively and the concentration of 16.5 ng/㎖ before PGF₂α injection in 4 normal gills which showed estrus decreased to 3.2 ng/㎖ at 1 day and 2.3 ng/㎖ (13.9% of initial concentration) at 4 days and increased to 4.7 ng/㎖ after PGF₂α injection, respectively. Blood progesterone concentrations at 10 to 15 days and 30 to 35 days after mating in pregnant gills were 8.2 to 26.4 ng/㎖ and 17.7 to 19.6 ng/㎖ in 2 anestrous gills and 23.1 to 28.5 and 19.6 to 19.9 ng/㎖ in 3 normal gills respectively. The number of corpus luteum in the induced estrous gifts averaged 18.8 in 3 longanestrous gifts and 15.0 in 4 normal gifts. There would appear to be larger number of CL in PGF₂α plus PMSG injection than in only PGF₂α injection.

한국재래산양에서의 계절이 정소기능, 정자의 내동성 및 수정능력에 미치는 영향 II. 혈청내 Testosterone수준의 계절 및 하루중 변화

김창근,정영채,김광식,김수,권처진,한기영,윤종택,정영호,이장희,Kim, C.K.,Chung, Y.C.,Kim, K.S.,Kim, S.,Kwon, C.J.,Han, K.Y.,Yoon, J.T.,Chung, Y.H.,Lee, J.H. 한국동물번식학회 1994 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.17 No.4

Seasonal and diurnal variation in serum testosterone was measured by radioimmunossary in 3 mature Korean native male goats. Blood was collected at 3-h intervals for 24h in each season. Mean levels of 4 seasons ranged from 0.82 to 2.06ng/ml and no difference was among seasons, although level in fall and winter was slightly higher. Diurnal level tended to increase at daytime in all season and when diurnal variation in level was compared to daily mean of each season, level of daytime greatly(P<0.05) increased in summer. However, variation between light and dark period in other seasons did not show significant difference. Daytime increase of testosterone was found 3 to 4 after dawn and level increased 1 to 2h ahead in summer and fall than that in others. These results in serum testosterone suggest that there was no great seasonal variation in endocrine function of goat testis.

운동생리 분야 : 자발적 운동과 전기적 자극에 의한 운동에서의 대사반응

김창근(C . K . Kim),(J . Bangsbo),(J . Karpakka),(B . Saltin) 한국체육학회 1991 국제스포츠 학술대회 Vol.1991 No.-

돼지의 산자성비에 관한 연구

김창근 ( C K Kim ),한성욱 ( S W Han ),박영일 ( Y I Park ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The sex ratio (percentage of male) of offspring in swine was examined on the basis of the farrowing records obtained from the St. Isidore Farm in Cheju island. The records were available for 11,260 pigs from 612 litters of Landraces (5,798 pigs) and 619 litters of crossbreds (5,462 pigs) farrowed from 1968 to 1971. The results obtained in this study are as follows. 1. The sex ratio of 11,260 pigs was 52.94%, 54.27% for the Landrace and 51.52% for the crossbred. The sex ratios were significantly different from 50%. No significant difference was observed between the two breeds, although the sex ratio tended to be higher in the Lardrace than in the crossbreds. 2. The sex ratios for the years 1968 through 1971 were 51.82%, 50.92%, 51.55%, and 53.36%, respectively. The sex ratio for 1971 was significantly different from 50%, but those for other years were statistically insignificant. The Landrace sex ratio was especially high in 1970 and 1971. The sex ratio difference between years was not significant. 3. The sex ratio was 49.00% far spring, 54.51% for summer, 51.00% for autumn, and 51.05% for winter. The sex ratio for summer was significantly different from 50%, but they were statistically insignificant for other seasons. The sex ratio for summer was significantly higher than that for spring and autumn, and the sex ratio for autumn was significantly higher than that for spring. 4. The sex ratio for the first, second and over third parity was different from 50%. There were no significant differences among parities. 5. The sex ratio was not significantly different from 50 0, for most litter sizes, but was significant for the litter sizes of 6, 7, 8, 9, and 13, and for the 6-10 group. No significant differences were observed between litter sizes. 6. The sex ratio was significantly different from 50% only in 4 Landrace sires, but the sex ratio differences among 14 sires, 8 Landrace, 3 Large White, and 3 Duroc sires, were statistically insignificant.

소 난포란의 체외성숙과 수정능력에 관한 연구

김창근(C . K . Kim),정영채(Y . C . Chung),박재원(J . W . Park),송해범(H . B . Song) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.4

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects of GTH, steroids and serums on the in vitro matutation of bovine follicular oocytes and to assess the fertilizing ability of the in vitro matured oocytes. The bovine oocytes recovered from follicles 1-3㎜ and 4-6mm in size were cultured for 16hr or 30hr at 38℃ with 5% CO₂ in moist air. In order to assess fertilizing ability of oocytes the in vitro matured oocyteswere transferred to the uterus or oviduct of rabbits inseminated into the uteruswith bull semen 4-6hr before oocyte transfer. 1. After 30hr of culture in m-KRB solution contains FSH and HCG, 411.3% and 25.0% of oocytes matured to metaphase II, respectively. Oocyte maturation was not increased by FSH but was significantly inhibited by HCG as compared with the control (44.2%). 2. The maturation rate (46.3%) of oocytes from 4-6 ㎜ follicles was higher, not significant, than that (31.4%) of 1-3mm follicular oocytes. The maturation of small follicular oocytes was more greatly inhibited by the addition of SIU HCG/㎖ However, this inhibitory effect was significantly improved when the time of HCG exposure shortened to 16hr and FCS instead of BSA was added to m-KRB solution. 3. More than 70% of oocytes reached metaphase II when oocytes were cultured in m-KRB solution containing only 15% (v/v) FCS or 10% (v/v) estrous cow serum, while 53.3% oocytes in m-KRB solution containing BSA. Maturation rate (70∼80%) was increased by the addition of FCS, FSH and steroids as compared with m-KRB containing only BSA (41.3%). 4. A higher fertilization rate (25%) was obtained when oocytes were cultured in m-KRB solution containing FCS, FSH and progesterone, while 8% in m-KRB solution plus BSA. Fertilization rate of oocytes matured in m-KRB plus FCS or estrous cow serum was not higher than that in m-KRB plus BSA but 28.6%o of (4/14) of the fertilized oocytes were cleaved to 2-3 cell stage.

홀몬처리가 산양의 다태아 분만에 미치는 영향

김창근 ( C K Kim ),김상철 ( S C Kim ),이용빈 ( Y B Lee ),설동섭 ( D S Sul ),오연각 ( Y K Oh ),서국성 ( G S Suh ),김중계 ( J K Kim ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The ovulation rate and follicle development were observed in 18 goats by laparotomy on the third day after injection of 500, 750 or 1,000 I.U. PMS. Fecundity was also observed in other 17 goats treated with 500, 750 or 1,000 I.U. PMS and mated naturally on the 17th day of the estrous cycle. The ovulation rate was 1.5 (1∼3), 2.5 (1∼4) and 3.2 (2∼5) in the goats receiving 500, 750 or 1,000 I.U. PMS, respectively, and it was found significantly (P$lt;0.05) mare in 1,000 I.U. PMS than in 500 I.U. PMS. However, there were no significant differences in the number of follicles with 5mm or larger diameter and hemorrhagic follicles between the groups. Fecundity was 2.0, 2.25 and 2.0 in the goats receiving 500, 750 and 1,000 I.U. PMS, respectively. The single, twin, triplet and quadruplet births were 23.5%, 52.7%, 17.7% and 5.9%, respectively. One still birth and 2 premature births were observed. The shorter gestation period of goats and the lighter birth weight of kids resulted from the higher fecundity.

소와 돼지에서 발정관찰과 이상발정의 대책

김창근 ( C . K . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.7

메타콜린에 의한 기도 수축에서 깊은 흡기 호흡의 효과

김창근(C . K . Kim) 대한천식알레르기학회 2001 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.21 No.3

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