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쥐의 좌심방에서 세포막을 통한 $Ca^{2+}\;Flux$에 영향을 주는 약물이 자극빈도-장력 곡선에 미치는 영향
김찬윤,안석균,서창국,강두희,Kim, Chan-Yun,Ahn, Sok-Kyun,Suh, Chang-Kook,Kang, Doo-Hee 대한생리학회 1989 대한생리학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Cardiac muscles show stimulation frequency-dependent tension changes i.e. Bowditch phenomenon and Woodworth phenomenon, the former is an increase of tension with the increase of stimulation frequency, whereas the latter is an increase of tension with a decrease of stimulation frequency. Bowditch phenomenon is seen in the range of frequency 1.0 cps and above, and Woodworth phenomenon below the frequency 1.0 cps in the most of mammalian cardiac atrium. To throw some light on the possible mechanism of both phenomena in rat atrium, influences of drugs affecting $Ca^{2+}$ influx through the plasma membrane $(verapamil,\;La^{3+},\;norepinephrine)$ and $Ca^{2+}$ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) on frequency-tension curve were studied. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) At low temperature $(27.5^{\circ}C)$, both Bowditch and Woodworth phenomenon were demonstrated. But Bowditch phenomenon disappeared at the temperature above $(32.5^{\circ}C)$. 2) At $(27.5^{\circ}C)$, in the presence of verapamil, a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, a time course of change in the frequency-tension was studied. It was found that Bowditch phenomenon was affected before the Woodworth phenomenon, then the former was completely disappeared. At $(32.5^{\circ}C)$, where no Bow-ditch is seen in normal atrial muscle, Bowditch phenomenon was reappeared by an administration of norepinephrine suggesting again that slow inward current of such as $Ca^{2+}$ channel is closely related to Bowditch phenomenon. 3) At $27.5^{\circ}C$, in the presence of $La^{3+}$, although tensions were decreased at all stimulation frequencies, Bowditch and Woodworth phenomenon were still demonstrated. However in the presence of both $La^{3+}$ and verapamil, Bowditch phenomena was disappeared suggesting that $La^{3+}$ is less effective in blocking $Ca^{2+}$ channel than verapamil. 4) At $27.5^{\circ}C$, in the presence of ryanodine, an inhibitor of calcium release from SR, Woodworth phenomenon was disappeared, which was consistent with previous reports of others, suggesting that $Ca^{2+}$ release from SR is closely related to Woodworth phenomenon. From the above findings, it may be concluded that Bowditch phenomenon is dependent on the magnitude of $Ca^{2+}$ influx through slow channel and Woodworth phenomenon is dependent on the amount of $Ca^{2+}$ stored in SR.
쥐의 좌심방에서 세포막을 통한 Ca<sup>2+</sup> Flux에 영향을 주는 약물이 자극빈도-장력 곡선에 미치는 영향
김찬윤(Kim, Chan-Yun),안석균(Ahn, Sok-Kyun),서창국(Suh, Chang-Kook),강두희(Kang, Doo-Hee) 대한생리학회 1989 대한생리학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Cardiac muscles show stimulation frequency-dependent tension changes i.e. Bowditch phenomenon and Woodworth phenomenon, the former is an increase of tension with the increase of stimulation frequency, whereas the latter is an increase of tension with a decrease of stimulation frequency. Bowditch phenomenon is seen in the range of frequency 1.0 cps and above, and Woodworth phenomenon below the frequency 1.0 cps in the most of mammalian cardiac atrium. To throw some light on the possible mechanism of both phenomena in rat atrium, influences of drugs affecting Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through the plasma membrane (verapamil, La<sup>3+</sup>, norepinephrine) and Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) on frequency-tension curve were studied. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) At low temperature (27.5℃), both Bowditch and Woodworth phenomenon were demonstrated. But Bowditch phenomenon disappeared at the temperature above (32.5℃). 2) At (27.5℃), in the presence of verapamil, a Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel blocker, a time course of change in the frequency-tension was studied. It was found that Bowditch phenomenon was affected before the Woodworth phenomenon, then the former was completely disappeared. At (32.5℃), where no Bow-ditch is seen in normal atrial muscle, Bowditch phenomenon was reappeared by an administration of norepinephrine suggesting again that slow inward current of such as Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel is closely related to Bowditch phenomenon. 3) At 27.5℃, in the presence of La<sup>3+</sup>, although tensions were decreased at all stimulation frequencies, Bowditch and Woodworth phenomenon were still demonstrated. However in the presence of both La<sup>3+</sup> and verapamil, Bowditch phenomena was disappeared suggesting that La<sup>3+</sup> is less effective in blocking Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel than verapamil. 4) At 27.5℃, in the presence of ryanodine, an inhibitor of calcium release from SR, Woodworth phenomenon was disappeared, which was consistent with previous reports of others, suggesting that Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from SR is closely related to Woodworth phenomenon. From the above findings, it may be concluded that Bowditch phenomenon is dependent on the magnitude of Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through slow channel and Woodworth phenomenon is dependent on the amount of Ca<sup>2+</sup> stored in SR.
섬유주절제술과 심부 공막 절제술 이후 발생하는 수술로 인한 각막 난시의 변화 비교
이영지,홍사민,김찬윤,성공제,Young Ji Lee,Samin Hong,Chan Yun Kim,Gong Je Seong 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.1
Purpose: To compare surgically induced corneal astigmatism following trabeculectomy versus deep sclerectomy and collagen implant (DSCI). Methods: 37 consecutive eyes of 28 patients having glaucoma surgeries for uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma were retrospectively analyzed. 16 eyes had trabeculectomy and 21 eyes had DSCI. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) and autorefractokeratometry of both groups were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 7 days, 1, 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively. Postoperative changes in corneal astigmatism were evaluated using vector analysis. Results: Mean age was 51.63 ± 12.73 years in the trabeculectomy group and 39.95 ± 15.09 years in the DSCI group and differed between groups (p = 0.015). Visual acuity was significantly decreased after surgery compared with preoperative values and was improved slowly in both groups. Intraocular pressure was lower in the trabeculectomy group than in the DSCI group at postoperatively 1 and 6 months (p = 0.046 and 0.029, respectively). There was no significant difference in surgically induced corneal astigmatisms (SIA) between both surgeries, which decreased over time in the group with stable postoperative IOP. They showed with-the-rule astigmatism immediate postoperatively. The DSCI group with MMC showed less SIA than the group without MMC. Conclusions: Surgically induced astigmatisms following trabeculectomy and deep sclerectomy with collagen implant were not differ significantly between two surgeries. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(1):94-102