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연구논문 : 일제말기 인촌 김성수 친일 논란에 대한 재검토
김진경 ( Jin Kyeong Kim ) 호남사학회(구 전남사학회) 2014 역사학연구 Vol.55 No.-
민간단체와 정부기구가 김성수의 일제말기 행적에 대해 친일반민족행위였다고 결정한 상태다. 그러나 동시대인의 증언을 고려하지 않고 문헌 중심으로 행적을 규명했다는 한계가 있다. 해방직후 김성수는 친일파로 인식되지 않았다. 김성수가 의혹을 받게 된 것은 1945년 10월 김성수 명의의 학병지원 독려 기고문이 수록된 『반역자와 애국자(Traitors and Patriots)』라는 영문 팸플릿이 배포된 이후다. 이 선전선동 유인물을 배포한 것은 박헌영 등이 김성수를 ‘친일파’로 낙인하여 건국과정에서 배제시키려 했기 때문이다. 김성수 대신 연설문을 도맡아 썼던 측근 유진오는 그 글을 보고 당황한 김성수에게 그 글은 『매일신보』 기자가 쓴 것이라고 밝힌다. 미국학자 브루스 커밍스는 자료검증을 하지 않아 김성수와 관련해 결정적인 잘못을 저질렀다. 일부 학자들은 김성수가 하지 않은 행위까지 증거로 조작했다. 자료검증을 하지 않은 채 김성수의 친일을 ‘증거’하려는 시도는 오류투성이의 저작물을 양산했다. 김성수 친일의 자료는 총독부 기관지의 기사와 친일단체 임원 명단이 전부다. 총독부 기관지의 기사는 일제의 강압적인 분위기에서 왜곡되고 날조돼 ‘증거’로 삼을 수 없다. 친일단체에도 전문학교 교장이자 조선인 유력자로서 이름이 도용됐다. 결국 김성수의 일제 말 행적이 이전과 다르게 비춰지게 된 것은 1937년 중일전쟁으로 전시상황이 돼 김성수에게 가해진 일제의 압력이 커졌기 때문이었다. 특히 1943년 10월 학생들의 학병지원과 관련된 새 제도가 시행됨에 따라 교장직을 맡고 있는 김성수가 기사에 이전보다 더 등장하게 된 것이다. 그 과정에서 총독부의 입맛대로 기사 왜곡과 날조가 이루어졌다. 김성수의 친일을 주장하는 저작물들은 동시대인의 증언을 한마디도 담지 않았다. 친일의혹을 해명하는 증언에 일부 문제가 있다고 기사들이 왜곡되거나 날조되지 않았다고 하는 것도 비논리적이다. 김성수에게 책임을 묻자면 자신의 이름도용이나 기사날조를 묵인했다는 것이다. 김성수 본인이 제대로 인지하지 못한 ‘행적’이 친일행위로 인식되고 있는 상황이기도하다. 일부 주장과 같이 김성수가 동아일보가 폐간된 뒤 보성전문을 살리기 위해 일제에 협력했다는 것은 근거가 없다. 동아일보 기자 출신 박학보는 김성수가 민족과 나라를 위해서라면 재산이나 지위에 연연하지 않을 것으로 평가했다. 유진오는 김성수가 폐교의 위협을 무릅쓰고 일제 부역자아들의 입학 청탁을 거절했듯이 보성전문은 김성수에게 신념을 위해 포기할 수 있는 ‘사업’이었다고 보았다. 김성수의 신념은 친일과 반일을 뛰어넘는 차원의 것이었다. Both non-governmental and governmental organizations branded Sungsoo Kim``s colonial past as having been a part of pro-Japan collaborative activities during the wartime mobilization of 1937-45. However, such presumptions were made based only on documents, while not regarding any of the statements made by his contemporaries. He had a good nationalist reputation right after Korea’s liberation. He became suspected of being pro-Japanese after a pamphlet entitled 『The Traitors and the Patriots』 was distributed in October, 1945. The pamphlet contained a speech by Sungsoo Kim, containing a message of encouragement to Korean students to join the Japanese army in 1943. It was an article published in the colonial press, the Maeil Sinbo. Political radicals, represented by Heon-yeong Park used the pamphlet to exclude Sungsoo Kim from the course of nation building by branding him as a pro-Japan collaborator. The actual speech writer Jin-oh Yoo explained to the confused and shocked Sungsoo Kim that the article had been written by a reporter from Maeil Sinbo. Bruce Cummings, a distinguished American scholar, made a great mistake by not having verified the documents published about Kim``s collaboration. Some Korean scholars even made false evidences of his collaboration acts. All attempts and documents made to falsely accuse Kim of having been pro-Japan made complete books full of errors. The only evidence of his collaborative acts is articles in the colonial press and a list of executive names of pro-Japanese organizations. Because the articles in the colonial press were distorted during the oppressive wartime periods, it cannot be used as ‘evidence’ for acts of his collaboration. His name was falsely used in executive lists of pro-Japanese organizations. Ultimately, reasons for why Kim’s activities of past-colonial period seem different from that of before, is because of increased pressures from the colonial government after the Sino-Japanese War in July, 1937. Especially, as the new special volunteer recruitment system was set in motion in October, 1943, articles of Sungsoo Kim, president of Posung College, appeared more often in the colonial press. Articles in the colonial press were distorted and twisted as the colonial government had wanted. The writings claiming of his collaboration did not contain a single statement from contemporaries. It is illogical to say the articles weren’t distorted because the statements asserting his innocence have some errors. If Sungsoo Kim were to be held responsible, his fault would only be that he neglected to correct the act of people falsely using his name or acquiescing about false articles about his collaboration. It is also a problem that his whereabouts, which he himself was unaware of, is perceived as having done pro-Japan collaborative activities. Some assertions that Kim collaborated with the Japanese to maintain Posung College, after the discontinuance of the Dong-A Ilbo, has no grounds. Hak-bo Park, a former Dong-A Ilbo reporter, evaluated Sungsoo Kim as a man who would gladly give up his fortune and social status for his country. Jin-oh Yoo saw Posung College as a business to Kim, a business Kim could give up for his beliefs. On one occasion, Kim had risked losing his college by having refused the admission of a collaborator``s request for his son``s. Sungsoo Kim’s belief in righteousness was beyond that of pro-Japanese and anti-Japanese sentiments.
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김진경 ( Jin Kyeong Kim ) 미국소설학회(구 한국호손학회) 2016 미국소설 Vol.23 No.3
<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> This paper proposes to read Aloft as a `subversive` successor of the suburbia novel tradition. A white middle-class protagonist Jerry Battle, detailed interest in the uniformity of Long Island suburban life, alienation and desire for flight from his reality are some typical characteristics of the suburbia novel. Suburbia novels have been traditionally considered a white-centered genre in that they depict, with sympathy, the alienation and psychological poverty in the midst of material plenty felt and complained of by white middle-class suburban people. Jurca terms this feeling of `homeless at home` as `white diaspora` and criticizes the suburbia novel arguing that it justifies white dominance by converting those privileged people into victims of the suburban system. What makes Aloft a subversive text are its description of suburbs as racialized space and its focus on the oppression and exploitation of racial others by a white male protagonist and its aftermath. Jerry`s selfish retreat from reality and worldly cares, whose metaphor is his occasional flight in his Cessna, is challenged by the muted anger of his Korean wife Daisy`s suicide, the moving-out of his Puerto Rican lover Rita after 20 years of serving his family, and the stubborn denial of treatment for treatable cancer, and eventual death, of his daughter Theresa. Jerry matures after experiencing these crises, and brings all his remaining family into his house and helps them out with their respective difficulties. His active engaging in the `battle` with reality, along with the `communication` and `being nice to each other` performed by Jerry`s newly-formed family, is distinctly different from the prevalent affect of white diaspora in traditional suburbia novels. In conclusion, Aloft takes up the tradition of the suburbia novel to subvert its white-oriented assumptions and explore its new possibilities in a multicultural society.
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디스토피아에서의 디아스포라적 상상력: 『만조의 바다 위에서』 연구
김진경 ( Jin Kyeong Kim ) 미국소설학회(구 한국호손학회) 2015 미국소설 Vol.22 No.3
Chang-rae Lee`s latest novel On Such a Full Sea departs from his previous four novels of diaspora and describes a dystopian future America with its rigid social and economic stratification represented by three mutually-exclusive districts of ‘Charter,’ ‘B-Mor,’ and ‘counties.’ This study aims to probe the characterization of the heroine Fan and the function of the plural first-person narrator ‘we’, and thereby reveal the theme of diasporic imagination which has been Lee`s persistent concern throughout his literary career. The central consciousness of the novel is the collective narrator ‘we’, who follows, records, interprets, and evaluates the adventures, across the border of those closed societies, of the atypical hero Fan whose consciousness and emotions remain unrevealed. It is the collective narrator ‘we’ who matures from a cynical and prejudiced mass to an actively engaging community with diasporic imagination which liberates them from the limitation of closed societies through the process of hybridization.
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