『진짜』에 나타난 절대 권력자로서의 극작가

김지애 ( Kim¸ Jie Ae ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2012 영어권문화연구 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this article is to analyze the power of writer in written play which is in contrast to the role of actors or actresses in performed play in The Real Thing. The playwright Henry shows his two sides of position which is the same thing as a two-side of coin. In the characters of Henry, the first position appears as a public posture, that is a well-known writer and journalist. In his public realm, he should be seen as an intellectual playwright from the eyes of the public. Henry discloses his real emotion and feelings and always tries to act this public image. As a result, he is caught in his public image. He recognizes that he can't express his emotion and feelings in his writing. The second position is in the private realm connected with Annie, an actress. To overcome the defect in his character, he accepts and is assimilated to Annie's world which is closer to audience than him. However, in the process of conflict with Annie's liberal and susceptible world, Henry persists in his authoritative role as a playwright and Annie's subordinate role as an actress, relying on the written words. Without any excuse of Annie about her public and private love, it is ended up by Henry's address to his juvenile daughter Debbie. He emphasizes traditional and classical word and authority. In addition, his words as a playwright are so powerful that the world of Annie which is based on the alive performance is declined to nothing. This insistence of Henry turns all other characters' roles into the minors and this shows Henry's authority as a writer.

임상연구 : 제왕절개술을 위한 척추 혹은 척추-경막외 병용마취 시 차단 높이를 측정하는 세 가지 방법의 비교

김지애 ( Jie Ae Kim ),김도현 ( Do Hyun Kim ),김승오 ( Sung Oh Kim ),정일영 ( Il Young Cheong ),최덕환 ( Duck Hwan Choi ) 대한마취과학회 2003 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.44 No.6

증례보고 : 소장 절제술을 시행받은 환아에서의 소장 이식 수술의 마취 관리

김한수 ( Han Soo Kim ),김형균 ( Hyung Kyun Kim ),김지애 ( Jie Ae Kim ),방시라 ( Si Ra Bang ),김갑수 ( Gaab Soo Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.53 No.6

Small bowel transplantation is becoming the treatment of choice for short-gut syndrome. Improvements in surgical techniques, immunosuppressants, and anesthetic management of patients have allowed this procedure to become the standard of treatment for patients who are unable to continue total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy due to TPN-associated complications. We experienced small bowel transplantation in a 10-month-old male infant who had small bowel resection for small bowel volvulus and has suffered from complications such as recurrent sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) due to long-term TPN. We report our experience with a brief review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: 791∼5)

증례보고 : 크룹 병력이 있는 환아에서 발생한 기관지연축 및 양측 긴장성 기흉 -증례보고-

문정은 ( Jeong Eun Moon ),안현주 ( Hyun Joo Ahn ),김지애 ( Jie Ae Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.52 No.6

Tension pneumothorax is a rare but critical complication of mechanical ventilation. Many researchers regard elevated peak inspiratory pressure as a major etiology for pneumothorax during ventilatory care. Bronchospasm is another adverse events under general anesthesia and it has been reported that the risk of bronchospasm is increased in the children with recent upper respiratory infection. We have experienced a case of recurrent bronchospasm which finally ends up with bilateral tension pneumothorax and debilitating consequences. A 2 year-old boy with a history of croup one week before neuroblastoma excision operation developed several times of bronchospasm attacks during the operation. Episodes of bronchospasm continued in the ICU and complicated with sudden postoperative bilateral tension pneumothorax. Pneumothorax possibly associated with bronchospasm was rarely reported until now. Therefore, we present this case with the literature review. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 52: 724~7)

추간판 탈출증 환자에서 길잡이철사가 삽입된 경막외카테터를 이용한 미추경막외조영술

고상욱 ( Sang Wook Ko ),이석진 ( Seok Jin Lee ),황희윤 ( Hee Youn Hwang ),심우석 ( Woo Seok Sim ),최수주 ( Soo Joo Choi ),김지애 ( Jie Ae Kim ),김정수 ( Chung Su Kim ),함태수 ( Tae Soo Hahm ),김갑수 ( Gaab Soo Kim ),조현성 ( Hyun 대한통증학회 2006 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.19 No.2

무통분만시 수막강내 Sufentanil에 첨가된 Bupivacaine의 효과

김수창,최덕환,김지애 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.37 No.6

Background : The combination of a local anesthetic and an opioid has been shown to produce effective epidural labor analgesia. It was reported that the combination of intrathecal opioid and bupivacaine could produce labor analgesia with longer duration and less side effects. This study was done to evaluate the effect of intrathecal bupivacaine mixed with sufentanil for labor analgesia. Methods : Eighty women requesting labor analgesia were randomly assigned to receive intrathecal 10 mcg of sufentanil (S group, n = 40) or 2.5 mg of bupivacaine plus 10 μg of sufentanil (SB group, n = 40) diluted in a total volume of 2.2 ml with normal saline. The analgesia was performed using combined spinal-epidural technique in the lateral position. Visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain, sensory changes to cold, duration of analgesia, motor block, hypotension, fetal heart rate, pruritus, and other side effects were assessed for 30 minutes after intrathecal drug injection. Results : There were no significant differences in he VAS pain scores and sensory levels at 5 minutes after intrathecal drug injection between groups. However, VAS pain scores were significantly lower and sensory levels higher in the SB group at 15 minutes and 30 minutes after intrathecal drug injection. The duration of analgesia provided by intrathecal sufentanil (n = 31) was 103.4 41.1 min, by intrathecal sufentanil plus bupivacaine (n = 29) 113.0 32.1 min (P = 0.30). Motor block assessed by a modified Bromage scale was significantly frequent in the SB group (P< 0.001). Not only adverse effects such as hypotension, fetal bradycardia, pruritus, and nausea, but also satisfaction scores were similar in both groups. Conclusions : The addition of bupivacaine to intrathecal sufentanil produced more frequent motor block and extensive sensory block, but better analgesia. However, duration of analgesia, side effects and satisfaction score did not change. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 37: 1068∼1073)

이면성 초음파를 이용한 내경정맥 천자

김정수,정익수,김지애,곽미숙,노창준,황병문 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.37 No.6

Background : Internal jugular vein access is an essential part of patient management in many clinical settings and is usually achieved with a blind, anatomical landmark-guided technique. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a 2-dimensional ultrasound technique can improve on the traditional method. Methods : Eighty patients undergoing elective open heart surgery were randomly assigned to an anatomical landmark group or ultrasound group (each n = 40). With the patient in the supine position, the head was rotated 30o to the contralateral side and triangle formed by the clavicle and both heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle were identified. We accessed the internal jugular vein from the apex of the triangle toward the ipsilateral nipple in the anatomical landmark group. The internal jugular vein and carotid artery were visualized with two-dimensional ultrasound. We compared the number of advances made with the central venous cannulation needle, the time to blood aspiration, complications and failure rate. Results : The failure rate was 22.5% using the anatomical landmark technique and 5% using the ultrasound technique. The vein was entered on the first attempt in 60% of patients using the landmark technique and in 63% using ultrasound (P>0.05). Mean attempts for puncture were 1.9 (anatomical) vs 1.6 (ultrasound-guided) (P>0.05). Complications occurred in 20% of cases using anatomical landmarks and in 5% using ultrasound (P>0.05). The average access time was 26.5 seconds by the anatomical approach and 56 seconds by the ultrasound approach (P< 0.05). Conclusions : Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein did not significantly decrease failure rate, access time, complications, and attempts for puncture, nor did it increase the amount of successful first attempts. However an investigation using a larger number of patients will be needed. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 37: 961∼965)

0.5% Tetracaine 을 이용한 척추 마취시 5% 와 10% 포도당 용액의 비교

김수창,김지애,김정수 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.1

Background : One of the most important physical properties affecting the level of analgesia after intrathecal administration of a local anesthetic is baricity. This study was done to compare the distribution of 0.5% tetracaine in 5% glucose solution and in 10% glucose solution. Methods : Tetracaine 2.6 ml (0.5% with 5% glucose or 10% glucose) added with 0.1% epinephrine 0.2 ml was administered to each of 20 patients. All patients' heights were within 160-170 cm. The cephalad spread of analgesia, the degree of motor block in the legs and hemodynamic values were assessed at 2-min intervals for the first 10 min and then at 5-min intervals until 30 min. Results: In the 5% glucose and 10% glucose solutions. the maximum sensory level was T5.4 and 74,3, the maximum sensory block time was 128.1 min and 118.2 min and the time to complete motor block was 5.4 mill and 5.2 min respectively. It was not statistically significant between groups. But T 8.1 (vs T 9.6 in the 5% glucose solution) of initial sensory level measured at 4 min after injection of drug was significantly higher (P $lt; 0.05) in the 10% glucose solution. Maximum hemodynamic changes from the baseline were not different in two groups. Conclusions: Tetracaine 0.5% with 5% glucose or 10% glucose solutions showed similar distribution in the cerebrospinal fluid. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 58∼62)

잡견에서 Bupivacaine 주입에 의한 심박출량 감소의 예측지표에 관한 연구

김진태,김지애,조현성,이가영,이국현 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.42 No.6

치핵제거술 환자의 척추마취시 Bupivacaine 에 첨가된 Midazolam 이 술후 제통에 미치는 영향

김명희,이유미,최윤정,최수주,김지애 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.3

Background : Benzodiazepines acting on the GABA receptor complex in the spinal cord are known to induce antinociception. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the effect of intrathecal midazolam with bupivacaine following hemorroidectomy. Methods : Forty five patients were involved in this study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of 3 groups: the control group received 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 5 mg and 0.9% NaC1 0.2 ml intrathecally, group BMl 0.5% bupivacaine and midazolam 1 mg (0.2 ml), group BM2 0.5% bupivacaine 5 mg and midazolam 2 mg (0.4 ml), respectively. The analgesic effects and side effects were compared among the 3 groups. Results : There was a significant difference among the 3 groups in time-to-first-pain medication and total consumption of analgesics during the 24 h after surgery. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of midazolam was dose-dependent: 2 mg of midazolam showed better results than 1 mg. All the patients showed no considerable side effects. Conclusions : We conclude that intrathecal midazolam caused a significant delay in time-to-first-pain medication and reduced utilization of analgesics within 24 h. Therefore, intrathecal midazolam can be used as an effective adjunct for spinal anesthesia for postoperative pain control. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 404~408)