녹차 및 천연산물로부터 장염 비브리오균(Vibrio. parahaemolyticus)의 제어를 위한 고추장의 개발

김종덕,김민용,정성주,서효진,김은옥,이세영,Kim Jong-Deog,Kim Min-Yong,Jung Sung-Ju,Seo Hyo-Jin,Kim Eun-Ok,Lee Se-Yeong 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.5

V. pnrahaemolyticus를 저해하는 천연산물 조합 추출물을 이용하여 고추장을 제조하였다. 각각의 천연산물 및 천연산물 조합 추출물의 항산화력 크기는 ORP system value를 이용하여 측정하였고, 천연산물 조합 추출물을 이용하여 제조한 고추장을 disk 법으로 IZD (Inhibition zone divided by diameter of disk)를 측정하여 제어의 정도를 비교하였다. 그 결과 한 가지 천연산물에서는 황백, 오미자, 녹차가 높게 나타났고, 이들 천연산물을 조합했을 때도 항산화력이 높게 나타나 기능성 고추장을 제조할 수 있을 것이라 판단하였다. 그리고 항산화력이 높게 측정된 황백, 오미자, 녹차 그리고 황금의 A조합과 A조합에 오가피를 첨가한 B조합의 IZD를 측정하였을 때 각각 $1.57\pm0.0051$과 $1.56\pm0.0071$로 제어력이 뛰어나 A조합과 B조합의 천연산물의 추출물을 이용하여 고추장을 제조하였다 고추장을 제조하였을 때 A조합(IZD: $1076\pm0.0103$)보다 B조합(IZD: $1079\pm0.0103$)이 좋게 나타났고, 이 고추장으로 식초를 첨가하여 초고추장을 제조하였을 때도 A조합(IZD: $2.15\pm0.0071$)보다 B조합(IZD: $2.44\pm0.0086$)이 뛰 어난 제어력을 보였다 여기에 chitosan, 마늘, 메주의 첨가는 유의성 있는 제어력을 나타내지 못하였다. Vibriocidal GOCHUJANG was manufactured using extract of natural products and green tea. Antioxidative capacity of natural products and combination of natural products was measured with Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) system value. Inhibitory ability of vibriocidal GOCHUJANG was compared with Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) values. Phellodendri cortex, Schizandrae fructus, Theae folium, Scutellaria baicalensis george and Acanthodanacis cortex and combination of these natural products were showed higher antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect against V. para-haemolyticus. Two kinds of combinations, A combination was composed of Phellodendri cortex, Schizandrae fructus, Theae folium, Scutellaria baicalensis george, and B combination was consisted of Acanthodanacis cortex and A combination, were presented higher inhibition ratio with IZD values as $1.57\pm0.0051$ and $1.56\pm0.0071$, respectively. Vibriocidal GOCHUJANG was prepared based on A and B combination with their higher IZD Value as $1.76\pm0.0103$ and $1.79\pm0.0103$, respectively. When vinegar was added to A and B based GOCHUJANG, their IZD value was more higher as $2.15\pm0.0071$ and $2.44\pm0.0086$, respectively B combination based GOCHUJANG was exhibited higher inhibitory effect than A based GOCHUJANG. Combination of natural products was more important process for increasing vibriocidal effect. But addition of soybean malt or chitosan or a garlic into A or B combined GOCHUJANG, no different effect was exhibited.

침자극이 흰쥐 뇌줄기 및 소뇌의 NADPH-diaphorase와 nNOS 신경세포에 미치는 영향

김종덕,강성길,김창환,Kim, Jong-deog,Kang, Sung-keel,Kim, Chang-whan 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.5

Objective : This study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture on NADPH-diaphorase and nNOS in the brain stem and cerebellum of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods : The experimental groups were divided into four groups : Normal, Choksamni(ST36), Kokchi(LI11), arbitrary group. Thereafter we evaluated changes in NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons histochemically and changes in nNOS neurons immunohistochemically. Results : 1. The optical densities of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons of all the Choksamni & Kokchi groups were significantly different in SuG, DLPAG, IP, Pr, Gi areas of brain stem and cerebellum as compared to normal & arbitrary groups. In PPTg only Choksamni group was significantly different as compared to normal and arbitrary groups. 2. The optical densities of nNOS-positive neurons of Choksamni & Kokchi groups were significantly different in SuG, DLPAG areas of brain stem as compared to normal group. In IP, Pr only Kokchi group was significantly different as compared to normal group. The optical densities of nNOS-positive neurons of Choksamni & Kokchi groups were significantly different in SuG, DLPAG, PPTg, Pr, Gi areas of brain stem as compared to arbitrary group. In IP, Pr only Kokchi group was significantly different as compared to arbitrary group. 3. The optical densities of nNOS-positive neurons of all the Choksamni & Kokchi groups were not significantly different in cerebellum as compared to normal & arbitrary groups. Conclusions : We found out that acupuncture have effects on NADPH-diaphorase and nNOS in the brain stem and cerebellum of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Bioalcohol Production with Microalgae, Microcystis aeruginosa

김종덕,채고은,서효진,차우드리 나렌드라,윤양호,신태선,김민용,Kim, Jong Deog,Chae, Go Woon,Seo, Hyo Jin,Chaudhary, Narendra,Yoon, Yang Ho,Shin, Tai Sun,Kim, Min Yong The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2012 KSBB Journal Vol.4 No.3

The microalgae, Microcystis aeruginosa are able to proliferate in a wide range of freshwater ecosystem. M. aeruginosa was cultivated in 25 L and 240 L race-way reactor containing modified medium with added urea 0.2 g/L, increased $Fe^{+2}$, and decreased $Ca^{+2}$ion compared to BG11 medium. Sugar contents of M. aeruginosa grown in BG11 medium, and modified medium were 120 mg/mL and 140 mg/mL respectively. Fermentation was conducted with the extract of M. aeruginosa at $30^{\circ}C$ for 30 h, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), Pichia stipitis (Ps), Zymomonas mobilis (Zm), and mixed-culture of these strains (Sc + Ps + Zm). Pichia stipitis (0.7%) was found to be more suitable for producing bioalcohol from M. aeruginosa extract than other strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.45%) and Zymomonas mobilis (0.61%), while mixed-cultured of these strains showed higest productivity by 1.75%. Biomass of M. aeruginosa contains the potency to be the most renewable resource for bioalcohol fermentation.

발효, 세포배양, 생물공정 ROS 제거기능을 갖는 천연산물로부터 장내 유용세균 Lacobacillus 속의 성장을 촉진시키는 조합의 구성

김종덕 ( Jong Deog Kim ),김민용 ( Min Yong Kim ),서효진 ( Hyo Jin Seo ),김봉조 ( Bong Jo Kim ),김대현 ( Dae Hyun Kim ),김은옥 ( Eun Ok Kim ),정해영 ( Hae Young Chung ),공재열 ( Jai Yul Kong ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2002 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.3

부동산경매시장 참여자들의 행동특성에 관한 연구 - 계층분석적 의사결정모형을 중심으로

김종덕(Kim Jong-Deog),문희명(Moon Hee-Myung) 한국주거환경학회 2007 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.5 No.1

  The auction market of the metropolitan area in 2006 grew with a focus on residential real estate as the great difference occurred between the appraised bid and the market price with the sharp rise in the real estate price. An investigation ito the percentage of the highest bid price, one of the three indicators of auction which can be said to be the yardstick for the auction market. showed thatthe rate of successful bid for apartment housing, tenement housing and multi-family housing exceeded 100% in Nov, last year.<BR>  This study attempted to investigate what decision-making method helped participants in the auction market make a reasonable judgement under the current auction condition. And it sought to present how to choose a desirable decision-making method using the AHP technique through the questionnaire research.<BR>  An attempt was made to analyze the degree of importance through case study. As a result. the following findings were obtained:<BR>  First. it was found that the real estate market environment. of several factors of auction, was more important than a decision to participate in auction taking into consideration the stream of auction and the procedural law related to auction or the characteristics of the article for sale at auction.<BR>  Second, it was found that it would be desirable to invest in auction using the loan from the financial institution rather than the method of raising equity capital in terms of the raising of funds.<BR>  Third, importance was attached to the evacuation of the debtor"s or tenant"s housing after paying the balance of the highest bid price, which is the factor to which importance was traditionally attached in the auction.<BR>  Fourth. it is most important to visit the area in which the article for sale at auction is located before participating in auction and identify it through the activity of on-spot visit.<BR>  And it was found that participants in auction should participate in auction with interests in the real estate policy of government. one of the real estate market environment sectors, which is one factor thought most importantly in the priority of items.

경매전문가들의 부동산경매입찰행태에 관한 연구

김종덕(Jong-Deog Kim),유선종(Seon-Jong Yoo) 한국주택학회 2008 주택연구 Vol.16 No.1

  본 연구의 목적은 현재와 같은 불안정한 경매여건에서 입찰 의사결정을 할 때, 합리적으로 판단할 수 있는 방안을 모색하여 경매참여자들에게 유용한 자료를 제공하는데 있다.<BR>  설문을 통한 중요도 분서결과치인 표준모형을 이용해서, 경매입찰자들이 공통적으로 고려해야할 몇 가지 연구결과를 얻게 되었다.<BR>  첫째, 부동산시장환경분야가 다른 분류항목요인들보다 중요하다는 것이다. 둘째, 철저히 수익성을 감안한 의사겨렁이 이루어져야 한다는 것이다. 셋째, 부동산명도에 중요도를 두어야 한다는 것이다. 넷째, 해당물건의 입지적 요인에 대한 정확한 판단이 선행되어야 한다는 것이다. 마지막으로 정부의 정책을 포함한 재건축가능성에 관심을 가지고 경매입찰에 참여해야 한다는 것이다.<BR>  또한 본 연구에서는 부동산경매라는 특수한 상황에서 AHP를 활용할 때 전문가에 대한 정체성이 모호함에 따라, 설문조사의 인구 통계적 자료를 바탕으로 일반 통계 처리 방식을 이용한 특성 분석을 시도하였다. 따라서 특정한 내용을 심도 있게 파악하기 위하여 인구 통계적 특성을 교차 비교하여 분석을 병행하였다.<BR>  인구 통계적 특성에 따른 중요도 분석에서는 분류항목에 따른 중요도 및 영향값분석을 표준모형이라 할 때 이 표준모형과 비교하여 성별 및 자본금규모별로 차이가 나는 항목에 대하여 우선적으로 분석하였다.<BR>  이에 따라 특정그룹에서의 중요도와 영향값이 표준모형과 다른 특성을 지니고 있다는 결과를 도출하기에 이르렀다. 즉 소규모의 자본금을 가진 투자자들은 대출을 이용하여 투자수익을 높이려는 반면, 일정규모의 자본금을 확충한 그룹에서는 교육환경 비중을 두면서 자기자본에 충실하려는 성향을 나타내고 있는 것이다.<BR>  본 연구를 진행하면서 기존의 연구들에서 경매시장의 불안정한 가격구조의 개선을 위한 실증연구를 찾아볼 수가 없었다. 그러나 본 연구는 경매시장의 왜곡된 가격구조의 개선에 도움이 될 수 있는 정량 및 정성적 분석모형이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 부동산경매에 있어서 입찰참여자들의 심리적 요인을 감안한 입찰행태의 연구가 처음으로 이루어 졌다는 점에서 기존 논문들과 차별성을 지니고 있다고 할 수 있다.   This study was intended to present the scheme for the bidders of the auction to make a reasonable judgement when making a bid for the article at sale for auction by analyzing the bidding form of the auction specialists in the overheated real estate auction market.<BR>  This study attempted to elicit the reasonable decision-making model at the time of bidding at auction by using the quantitative and qualitative analysis conducive to the improvement of the unstable price structure of the auction market. On the one hand, this study attempted to conduct the analysis using the general statistical processing method based on the demographical data obtained from the questionnaire research on the basis of the understanding that the identity of the specialist is ambiguous when AHP is used under the special situation of real estate auction. And it attempted to make the cross-tabs of demographical characteristics by group to make an in-depth grasp of the particular contents.<BR>  In conclusion, an attempt was made to analyze the degree of importance through the case revealed that the bidders at auction.<BR>  As a result, First, it was found that the field of the real estate market environment, of the several factors of auction, was more important that the decision made to participate in the auction considering the stream of auction, the auction-related procedure law, or the characteristics of the article for sale at auction. Second, it is desirable to make an investment in auction using the loan from the financial institution as the self-financing method. Third, importance is attached to the eviction of housing by the debtor or tenant after the balance of the successful bid price is paid. Fourth, it is presumed that the general stream of auction of the items of major classification shows the relatively low weighted value but has the high rank of profitability. Therefore, bidders show the high level of preference for the expected return based on the low-price purchase, the advantage and attribute of auction.

Bioalcohol Production with Microalgae, Microcystis aeruginosa

Jong Deog KIM(김종덕),Go Woon CHAE(채고은),Hyo Jin SEO(서효진),Narendra Chaudhary(차우드리 나렌드라),Yang Ho YOON(윤양호),Tai Sun SHIN(신태선),Min Yong KIM(김민용) 한국생물공학회 2012 KSBB Journal Vol.27 No.6

The microalgae, Microcystis aeruginosa are able to proliferate in a wide range of freshwater ecosystem. M. aeruginosa was cultivated in 25 L and 240 L race-way reactor containing modified medium with added urea 0.2 g/L, increased Fe<SUP>+2</SUP>, and decreased Ca<SUP>+2</SUP>ion compared to BG11 medium. Sugar contents of M. aeruginosa grown in BG11 medium, and modified medium were 120 mg/mL and 140 mg/mL respectively. Fermentation was conducted with the extract of M. aeruginosa at 30℃ for 30 h, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), Pichia stipitis (Ps), Zymomonas mobilis (Zm), and mixed-culture of these strains (Sc + Ps +Zm). Pichia stipitis (0.7%) was found to be more suitable for producing bioalcohol from M. aeruginosa extract than other strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.45%) and Zymomonas mobilis (0.61%), while mixed-cultured of these strains showed higest productivity by 1.75%. Biomass of M. aeruginosa contains the potency to be the most renewable resource for bioalcohol fermentation.

장내 유용세균 Bifidobacterium infantis KCTC 3270의 성장 촉진을 위한 항산화 천연산물의 조합구성

김종덕(Jong-Deog Kim),김민용(Min-Yong Kim),공재열(Jai-Yul Kong) 한국식품영양과학회 2002 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

유용세균인 B. infantis은 선택되어진 천연산물의 한 종류단독으로서도 촉진되었으며, 또한 두 종류, 세 종류, 네 종류의 배합에 의하여 특징적으로 성장이 촉진되었으며, 이것은 항산화력이 강한 천연산물들을 free radical의 제거와 동시에 B. infantis의 성장촉진물질로 사용할 수 있고 이를 이용하여 기능성 항산화 제제의 제조가 가능함을 의미하며 이들 천연산물의 배합 중에서 한 종류의 천연산물로서는 진피, 두충, 산수유 그리고 황기 등이 좋은 효과를 보였고, 두 종류 천연산물의 배합에서는 음양곽과 녹차, 음양곽과 산사자, 음양곽과 두충 등의 조합이, 세 종류의 천연산물 배합에서는 녹차와 음양곽 및 백굴채, 녹차와 음양곽 및 진피, 녹차와 백굴채 및 황기, 녹차와 진피 및 갈근 등의 조합이, 4종류 천연산물 배합에서는 녹차, 황기 및 음양곽 그리고 갈근의 조합, 녹차, 황기 및 진피 그리고 갈근의 조합, 녹차, 백굴채 및 황기 그리고 음양곽 등의 조합에서 B. infantis가 잘 성장함을 보였고, 녹차, 백굴채 및 황기 그리고 음양곽의 조합이 대조군보다 2.1배 이상의 성장률을 보였다. 4종류의 조합의 항산화력을 용존산소 분석법에 의하여 분석한 결과 녹차, 백굴채 및 황기 그리고 음양곽의 조합이 632.49로써 가장 높았고, 다음으로 녹차, 음양곽 및 진피 그리고 갈근의 조합(623.64), 녹차, 백굴채 및 진피 그리고 갈근의 조합(601.81), 녹차, 백굴채 및 황기 그리고 갈근의 조합(560.49) 순서로 나타났으며, 항산화력이 강한 조합에서 성장이 촉진되는 것으로 나타났다. B. infantis의 성장을 촉진하는 4종류의 조합에 대한 hydroxyl radical의 소거활성은 50, 100, 200 및 300 배로 희석하여 검토하였을 때 녹차, 백굴채 및 진피 그리고 갈근의 조합을 100배로 희석한 소거율이 84.36%로 가장 높은 소거율을 보였으며, 4 종류의 조합 모두 높은 희석율에도 80% 이상의 높은 소거율을 보여 높은 희석률을 필요로 하는 음료 제제로서의 탁월함을 보였다. 또한, 4 종류의 각 조합에 따른 방향족의 함량 및 총 phenol 함량은 녹차 중의 증제차나 볶음차의 비발효 차보다 28~30배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 반 발효차인 오룡차보다는 32~33배, 발효차인 홍차보다는 55~58배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 항산화력이 강한 천연산물들을 이용하여 free radical의 제거와 동시에 B. infantis의 성장촉진물질로 사용할 수 있으며, 생체의 기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 기능성 제제로의 응용 가능성을 보였다. The growth of enterobacteria, Bifidobacterium infantis KCTC 3270, was promoted by natural products bearing antioxidative capacity and mixed combinations of two, three and four kinds of them. B. infantis was expressed a good growth by Aurantii nobilis pericarpium, Chelidonium majus L., Astragali radix, Epimedii herba, alone, and two mixed combinations of Epimedii herba and Theae folium, Epimedii herba and Crataegi fructus, Epimedii herba and Eucommiae cortex, and three mixed combinations of Theae folium, Epimedii herba and Chelidonium majus L., Theae folium, Epimedii herba and Aurantii nobilis pericarpium, Theae folium, Chelidonium majus L. and Aurantii nobilis pericarpium, Theae folium, Chelidonium majus L. and Astragali radix, Theae folium, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and Puerariae radix, Epimedii herba, Chelidonium majus L. and Aurantii nobilis pericarpium, and four mixed combinations of Theae folium, Chelidonium majus L., Astragali radix and Epimedii herba, and Theae folium, Chelidonium majus L., Astragali radix and Puerariae radix, and Theae folium, Epimedii herba, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and Puerariae radix, and Theae folium, Chelidonium majus L., Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and Puerariae radix. The best four mixed combination for the growth of B. infantis was Theae folium, Chelidonium majus L. Astragali radix and Epimedii herba, which promoted 2.1 times than that of control, and its antioxidative capacity was also 5 times higher, and the ratio of elimination of hydroxyl radical was more than 80 % in each dilution rate. As these combinations of natural products might activate some parts of body, they could be applied to pharmaceutical applications, functional foods, antiaging tea, also expected to promote useful bacterial growth for fermentative beverage bearing multifunction.

하지길이균차에 대한 임상평가와 치료

김종덕(Jong-Deog Kim),김창환(Chang-Whan Kim) 척추신경추나의학회 2004 대한추나의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives : Visual check and X-ray are commonly used by chiropractors to estimate leg length inequality. This study have three categories: diagnosis for anatomic leg length inequality; difference between anatomic and functional leg length inequality; theraphies for anatomic or functional leg length inequality. Methods : We referred to a PubMed site by using word of leg length [JU] J Manipulative Physiol Ther , only items with abstracts. Results : We searched 26 articles in J Manipulative Physiol Ther with the key word-leg length. Conclusion : 1. Radiographs were most accurate and commonly used by chiropractors to measure anatomic leg length inequality, clinically wood block, tape measure, visual check are acceptable. 2. There was no article about difference between anatomic and functional leg length inequality. 3. Heel lift was commonly used with conservative theraphy for anatomic leg length inequality. 4. Chiropractors have not yet proved that the supposed positive effects are a result of a reduction of subluxation. The detection of the manipulative lesion in the sacroiliac joint depends on valid and reliable tests. Because such tests have not been established, the presence of the manipulative lesion remains hypothetical. Great effort is needed to develop, establish and enforce valid and reliable test procedures.

발효, 세포배양, 생물공정 항산화 천연산물의 조합구성에 의한 Bifidobacterium bifidum의 성장 촉진 효과

김종덕 ( Jong Deog Kim ),신태선 ( Tai Sun Shin ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2002 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.4