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사실적 이해와 추론적 이해를 위한 학습자 중심 융합 수업의 효과
김재준(Kim, Jae-jun),백성혜(Paik, Seoung-Hey) 한국교원대학교 융합교육연구소 2020 융합교육연구 Vol.6 No.1
4차 산업혁명 시대에 필요한 인재는 인공지능이 가지지 못한 역량을 가져야 한다. 인공지능 로봇에 대한 연구 결과에 따르면, 인공지능은 사실적 이해는 매우 우수하지만 추론적 이해는 불가능하다고 한다. 이 연구에서는 국어, 통합사회, 통합과학, 한국사, 기술·가정 등 5개 교과의 내용을 중심으로 사실적 이해와 추론적 이해를 할 수 있는 지식정보처리 역량을 판단하기 위한 30문항을 개발하였다. 개발한 검사지를 학생들에게 투입한 후 학생들의 문제풀이과정을 개별로 작성하게 하였으며, 그 후에 모둠별 협의 및 협력적 문제해결 과정을 거쳐서 합의에 도달하도록 구성한 융합 수업을 진행하였다. 융합 수업이 학생들의 사실적 이해와 추론적 이해 향상에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 학생들이 자신의 지식과 의견을 주도적으로 표현하고 공유하여 문제를 해결할 수 있는 학습자 중심의 융합 수업을 4차시 동안 진행하였다. 융합 수업의 결과 학생들의 정답률은 높아졌으며, 특히 국어 교과에서는 6개 유형 중에서 4개의 유형의 문항이 정답률 100%를 보였다. 이를 통해 다양한 교과에 관련된 지식정보처리 역량을 길러주는 융합 수업의 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났음을 알 수 있다. 인공지능이 활성화될 미래에 학생들이 인공지능과 차별화된 사고 역량을 기르기 위하여 추론적 이해를 발달시킬 수 있는 다양한 교과의 교육방식이 이 연구에서 제안한 융합 수업의 형태로 변화될 필요가 있다. The talents needed in the 4th Industrial Revolution must have the competencies that AI does not have. Research on artificial intelligence robots shows that artificial intelligence is very good in fact understanding but inference understanding. In this study, 30 questions were developed to determine the high school students understanding of fact and inference, focusing on the content of five subjects: Korean, integrated society, integrated science, Korean history, technology·family. The items are divided into fact understandings such as dependency structure interpretation, response resolution, and judgment, and inference understanding such as inference, image identification, and specific identification. The developed questions were reviewed and revised in consultation with the teachers of the subjects. After inputting the developed test papers, students were asked to write their own problem-solving process individually. The reason why convergence classes are applied is to compare the results of measurement of test tools before and after fusion classes to see how convergence classes affect students realistic and speculative interests. Afterwards, a convergence class was organized to reach consensus through group discussion and collaborative literacy. Convergence classes took place during four classes, which students had the experience of fusing the knowledge of various subjects in the perspective of fact and inference understanding. Students conducted a learner-oriented convergence class that allowed them to take the initiative in expressing and sharing their knowledge and opinions to solve problems. As a result of the convergence class, the students correct rate increased. Especially, in the Korean language items, four of the six questions answered 100% correctly. Through this, the effect of the convergence class was clearly seen. Based on the results of this study, it is effective to form a group-by-group discussion of students thinking of various subjects in the veiwpoint of fact and inference understanding in high school class. In order to cultivate the inference understanding of students who will grow into future talents, changes need to be made in the field to expand convergence classes centering on various subjects in the future.
시와 풍경의 해독 -Seamus Heaney의 『어둠으로 들어가는 문』
김재준 ( Jae Joon Kim ) 21세기영어영문학회 1999 영어영문학21 Vol.15 No.-
The Idea of poetry as a point of entry into the buried life of feeling, or as a point of exit for it, is prevalent through Door into the Dark. In a comment on Death of a Naturalist Heaney told that poetry`s origin lay in energies that came from his personal remembering. But in Door into the Dark the energies of his poetry`s origin are found equally in language and landscape of the community he belongs to. This means that the scope of the poetry of the second book comes to be deeper and wider than the first book`s. In Door into the Dark Heaney to probe past the autobiographical and into the ancestra1, into the possibility that the sources of psychic and/or spiritual truth lie buried in language and landscape of his community. The strata of memory buried in language and landscape require Heaney to face an actual dread of ``losing`` himself to the primal or instinctual. When Heaney tried to forge the ``uncreated conscience`` of his race in his poetry, he found out that he should step into the dark to erase his strongly established self from his poetry. This means that he can expand and transcend himself only by losing himself. Losing-himself will help him get multiple viewpoints to make his poetry less partisan and more powerful. He asserts that he ``will uncode all landscapes`` just when he is able to see ``things founded clean on their own shapes and learn to lose himself while we are in the dark center of the landscape. The word ``uncode`` suggests the land`s secret, buried history that awaits one who can uncode. Heaney shows that there is an analogy between the secret, hidden activity of the poet and the secret, and hidden activity of the blacksmith and the thatcher. They all are kind of musicians in the sense that they are able to leave the audience surprised by creating the useful, meaningful, ordered things from nothing or the dead things. So Heaney`s uncoding is not only uncovering something buried in landscape but also creating the new meaning of the place. Uncoding all landscapes, Heaney shows how life and death in the human and natural world are inevitably and mysteriously intertwined. He finds thingness in human life and human quality in the things. He finds the beginning and ending of his life in the landscape, and he finds there is just one cycle between both worlds.
어둠의 공명으로서의 시-세이머스 히니의 『산사나무 랜턴』
김재준 ( Jae Joon Kim ) 21세기영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학21 Vol.27 No.3
Motivated by Mikhail Bakhin``s proposition that every utterance is heteroglot and Wolfgang Iser``s theory on reader``s involvement in texts, this paper tries to identify how the poetic discourses in Heaney``s The Hay Lantern are organized. Using a few poems of the above collection, this paper shows that in contrast to the earlier poems such as “digging”, in which all poetic elements are controlled to support a single poetic theme or discourse, the poems of The Hay Lantern loosen the various heterogeneous images, allowing the reader to freely interpret the voices present in the poem. Through the process of reading, the reader becomes aware of the gaps present in the poem, and is more eager to find out what the images and voices have to say. In order to enjoy the poem, the reader has to orchestrate it and needs to become a new creator of the poem, by participating in the poetic game and exploration. It is also important to verify how the discursive poetic elements illuminate the poet``s artistic consciousness. Within the poem a discursive bridge exists between the speaker, reader and other voices present in the text. This bridge encourages the reader to experience the poet``s cultural and artistic origins, and allows the reader to explore the various sources of one’s poetic gifts.
김재준(Jae Joon Kim),이경수(Kyung Soo Lee),김재홍(Jae Hong Kim),노병인(Byung In Ro),장진요(Chin Yo Chang) 대한피부과학회 1984 대한피부과학회지 Vol.22 No.1
Bacteriological study, including antibiotic sensitivity tests, of 145 patients with pyodermas such as impetigo, superficial folliculltis, deep folliculitis, ecthyma, paronychia, cellulitis and secondary skin infections, was carried out during the period from June, 1981 to September, 1982 at the Department of Dermatology, Han II hospital. (countinued..)