안과종합검진의 유용성

임수현(Soo Hyun Lim),김국영(Kook Young Kim),정재근(Jae Keun Chung)한재욱(Jae Wook Han),김응수(Ungsoo Samuel Kim) 대한검안학회 2020 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and detection rate of disease in the customized eye examination program. Methods: We reviewed the medical charts of 122 patients who have conducted the customized eye examination program from January 2018 to January 2019 in Kim’s Eye Hospital retrospectively. The customized eye examination program consisted of visual acuity test, intraocular pressure measurement, color vision test, slit-lamp examination, visual field tests, fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT, Zeiss), Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS, Visiometrics, Terrassa, Spain), and dry eye test (LipiView II TearScience, Morrisville, NC, USA). The rate of newly diagnosed diseases and vision-threatening disorders including glaucoma and retinal disorders were calculated. Results: A total of 122 patients (46 males and 76 females, mean age; 47.8 ± 14.0 years old, from 22 to 85 years) were included. Nine patients (14 eyes) had a poor vision of less than 0.8. Newly detected diseases were found in 17 patients (13.9%), and among them, 10 glaucoma (8.2%) and retinal disorders (5.7%) were included. When it comes to glaucoma, 7 patients were diagnosed with definite glaucoma with visual field loss, and 3 patients had preperimetric glaucoma. Retinal disorders were composed of 5 epiretinal membranes, 1 diabetic retinopathy, and 1 central serous chorioretinopathy. Conclusions: Various diseases were identified by the customized eye examination program, and vision-threatening diseases such as glaucoma and retinal disorders were found. Therefore, a regular eye examination is needed to detect the serious ocular diseases in the early stage.

근시의 약물치료

김응수(Ungsoo Samuel Kim) 대한검안학회 2018 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.17 No.1

The prevalence of myopia is up to 80% in young Korean population. The myopia can develop serious complications such as choroidal neovascularization, retinal detachment and glaucoma. As a result, several studies to prevent progression of myopia have been conducted. Among them, muscarinic antagonists are the more effective at slowing progression than other methods including orthokeratology and designed glasses. Recent studies have reported that low-dose atropine is also effective to slow progression of the myopia and it has fewer complications than high-dose atropine. However, long term side effect has not been clarified, and the commercial low-dose atropine is not available currently in Korea. Thus, in-depth studies about low-dose atropine should be considered.

직업군별 채용신체검사에서 안과규정에 대한 조사

김응수(Ungsoo Samuel Kim) 대한안과학회 2021 대한안과학회지 Vol.62 No.10

목적: 직업군별 채용신체검사에서 안과와 관련된 규정을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 신체검사가 규정된 9개의 직업군(군인, 육군장교, 공군장교, 해군장교, 철도공무원, 소방공무원, 경찰공무원, 일반공무원, 항공조종사) 및 운전면허취득 기준을 조사하였으며 각 군의 신체검사 규정을 비교 분석하였다. 시기능장애는 시력장애, 시야장애, 굴절이상, 색각이상, 사시 및 기타 질환으로 구분하였고, 각 직업군에서 제시하는 추가적인 제한 사항에 대해 조사하였다. 결과: 직업군별로 다양한 기준을 제시하고 있다. 시력장애는 공군사관학교에서 1.0의 가장 높은 기준을 제시하였다. 육군사관학교와 해군사관학교는 0.6 이상, 소방공무원, 경찰공무원은 0.8 이상의 시력을 갖고 있어야 하나 일반공무원신체검사규정에서는 시력 기준이 없다. 시야장애는 소방공무원과 철도운전사만 1/3 이하로 명시되어 있고 다른 직종에서는 뚜렷한 기준이 없다. 색각장애도 직종별로 차이를 보였으며 항공관련과 철도운전사는 색각장애가 있으면 지원할 수 없다. 굴절이상 및 사시에 대해서는 각 직종별로 기준에 차이를 보였다. 결론: 각 직종별로 안과신체검사에 대한 기준이 매우 상이하므로 이에 대한 의사 및 환자의 이해가 필요하며, 기준 마련에 대한 과학적 근거에 대한 논의가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: To investigate physical ophthalmological parameters relevant to job choice. Methods: I analyzed the ophthalmological demands imposed on those engaged in military service and on applicants for army officer, air force officer, naval officer, railroad officer, firefighting officer, police officer, state public officer, and pilot positions; the visual requirements for a driver’s license were also examined. Visual dysfunction was classified into loss of visual acuity, visual field defects, refractive errors, color vision disorders, strabismus, and other disorders. Additional restrictions imposed by each occupation were investigated. Results: Various standards were imposed on the occupational groups. Applicants to the Air Force Academy required 1.0 visual acuity; the visual acuity for applicants to the military and naval academies were ≥0.6, and those for fire and police personnel ≥0.8. The general public official regulations do not mention visual acuity. In terms of visual field defects, such defects must be <33% for firefighters and railroad drivers; no clear standard was set for other occupations. The importance of color vision differed by job type; pilots and railroad drivers must have full color vision. In terms of refractive error and strabismus, the standards differed among occupations. Conclusions: As the ophthalmological standards vary extensively by occupation, both ophthalmologists and clients must be aware of this information. The scientific basis of the various standards requires attention. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2021;62(10):1415-1419

눈떨림의 수술적치료

김응수(Ungsoo Samuel Kim) 대한검안학회 2017 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.16 No.2

Surgery is the one of the option of treatment of nystagmus. When it comes to the patients with abnormal head posture including head turn, chin-up, chin-down and head tilt, we could consider the repositioning of the extraocular muscles into null point. In the patients without abnormal head posture, four-muscle recession or tenotomy could be considered. The surgical treatment of nystagmus may not only reduce the amplitude of nystagmus but also improve visual acuity.

산화티타늄이 청자유약의 발색에 끼치는 영향에 관한 연구

노형구,김응수,김종영,조우석,김철성,김진모,No, Hyunggoo,Kim, Ungsoo,Kim, Jongyoung,Cho, Wooseok,Kim, Chulsung,Kim, Chinmo 한국세라믹학회 2014 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.51 No.3

In aprevious study, the mutual interaction between $Fe_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$ was found to influence the color of celadon glaze. Celadon samples were prepared with varying concentrations of $TiO_2$ at a fixed level of $Fe_2O_3$. The electronic states of Fe and Ti were analyzed by M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy and electron spin-resonance spectroscopy, respectively. These results were examined with the celadon colors measured according to CIELAB values. This study revealed that an increase of $Ti^{3+}$ in the glassy phase decreased the $Fe^{2+}/Fe^{3+}$ ratio, resulting in a color change of the celadon samples in the GY and Y groups. The maximum reflectance wavelength was shifted from 505 nm to 610 nm with an increase in the $TiO_2$ concentration.

다양한 독서 매체를 통해 느껴지는 눈의 피로도와 각 매체의 특징에 관한 연구

장윤수,김응수,백승희,김용란,공상묵.Yoon Soo Jang. MD. Ungsoo Samuel Kim. MD. Seung-Hee Baek. MD. PhD.Yong Ran Kim. MD. Sang Mook Gong. MD. PhD 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.5

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the different features of such instruments and how they cause ocular fatigability. Methods: Under the same settings and circumstances, 75 participants were asked to read the novel, “You without me?” in different formats including paper book, E-book (biscuit?, Interpark Inc., LG INNOTECK LTD, Korea) and LCD reader (iPad?, Apple Inc., United States). For every 10 minutes of reading, 10 minutes of rest was provided. After finishing the novel, the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed using univariate analysis. Results: Compared to paper book readers (1.93), LCD readers (2.40) complained of insufficient lubrication in the eye (p = 0.038), and experience more letter-floating illusions (1.92) than did paper book readers (1.49) (p = 0.043). Moreover, compared to the other formats including the E-book (20%) and paper book (8%), LCD readers (72%) experienced more significant glare symptoms (n = 23) and could read at a faster rate than the other groups of readers (n = 26). Conclusions: In the present study, the I-Pad caused ocular fatigability more easily than the other formats examined. No statistical significance of ocular discomfort or fatigability was observed among the different format groups. Further investigation with a greater number of age-controlled participants should be conducted prior to designing a study to determine the best format for reading. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(5):689-693

고상반응법에 의한 TiO₂-SnO-ZnO의 주황 안료 합성에 관한 연구

김수민,김응수,조우석,Kim, Soomin,Kim, Ungsoo,Cho, Woo Seok 한국결정성장학회 2016 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.26 No.5

본 연구에서는 납이나 크롬이 함유되지 않은 친환경적인 물질의 새로운 주황 무기 안료를 개발하고자 하였다. 고상반응법을 이용하여 LPG와 Air를 이용한 환원분위기에서 $TiO_2-SnO-ZnO$계 주황색 무기 안료를 합성하였다. 합성 된 안료들의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 표색계 값인 $L^*a^*b^*$ 값을 측정 후, XRD를 이용하여 결정 상을 분석하였고, SEM을 이용하여 미세구조 관찰하였으며, XPS를 이용하여 원소들의 산화가 상태를 분석하였다. 고상 반응법으로 합성 후 열처리한 $TiO_2-SnO-ZnO$ 안료는 yellow에서 orange-red 사이의 색을 가진다. $TiO_2-SnO-ZnO$ 안료의 결정상 분석 결과, 5가지의 결정상이 혼재하는 것을 볼 수 있는데, $SnO_2$가 cubic과 tetragonal 구조 중 어떤 결정 구조를 가지는지가 발색의 가장 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 것을 확인하였다. XPS를 이용하여 원소들의 산화가 상태를 분석한 결과, $Sn^{4+}$의 비율이 높을수록 안료가 rYR에 가까운 색을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있다. In this study, new composition of orange color pigment was developed by replacing formerly used lead and chromium with environment-friendly elements. $TiO_2-SnO-ZnO$ composite was synthesized using the solid state reaction under the reducing atmosphere with the LPG and air mixture gas. The synthesized pigments were characterized by spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The colorimetric analysis of pigments exhibited color values ranging from yellow to orange-red. Five different crystalline phases were formed after the heat treatment for 4 and 6 hours. The color of pigments was strongly influenced by the crystalline structure of $SnO_2$, having either cubic or tetragonal structure. The oxidation state study of elements revealed that the color of pigment is getting close to rYR with the increase of $Sn^{4+}$ ratio.

산화주석 첨가에 따른 동화유약의 발색 변화

노형구,김수민,김응수,조우석,No, Hyunggoo,Kim, Soomin,Kim, Ungsoo,Cho, Wooseok 한국결정성장학회 2017 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.27 No.5

본 연구에서는 산화주석(IV) 첨가량을 달리하여 동화유약 시편을 제조하고 발색기구를 분석하기 위하여 분광 분석, 결정상 분석, 미세구조 분석을 실시하여 색상과의 상관성을 분석하였다. 산화주석(VI) 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 동화유약의 붉은색은 사라지고 CIEab 값이 감소하여 무채색으로 발색하였다. 산화주석은 유약층에 고르게 분포하여 Cu nuclei가 성장하여 붉은색으로 발색하는 것을 방해하고 기포 주변의 metal Cu와 반응하여 합금을 형성하였다. 이로 인해 산화주석 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 금속 Cu 피크는 사라지고 미세한 $Cu_2O$ 피크만 남게 된다. 산화주석을 3.79 % 첨가하였을 때는 유약에 붉은색을 내는 $Cu_2O$보다 검정색을 나타내는 CuO와 Cassiterite $SnO_2$가 색상에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다. In this study copper glaze samples were prepared with varying amount of tin oxide, and the chromatic characteristics of glazes were explained on the results of spectrophotometric, crystalline phase, and microstructural analyses. The red color of copper glaze was dissipated with the addition of tin oxide and turned into achromatic color due to the decrease of CIEab values. Tin oxide homogeneously distributed in the glaze layer interfered with the red color generation coming from the growth of Cu nuclei, and formed an alloy with metal copper around bubbles. This resulted in the decrease of metal copper peak intensity with minor $Cu_2O$ peak. With the 3.79 % tin oxide addition the glaze was appeared as gray due to the black color CuO and Cassiterite $SnO_2$ phases.

지역별 옹기의 특성분석 및 발효와의 상관관계 분석 : (1) 지역별 옹기의 물성 및 특성

김수민,노형구,김응수,조우석,Kim, Soomin,No, Hyunggoo,Kim, Ungsoo,Cho, Woo Seok 한국세라믹학회 2015 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.52 No.1

Onggi, described as a 'breathing' type of pottery' has significantly influenced the traditional food culture of Korea. It is known that Onggi is an optimal type of storage for fermented foods such as soy sauce, salted seafood, and Kimchi, as air or liquid can penetrate through the body of this material. These foods gain flavor due to the breeding of aerobic bacteria at the beginning of the fermentation process. In this study, Onggi materials from five regions, Gangjin, Yeoju, Ulsan, Yesan, and Jeju, were collected and analyzed to determine their chemical and physical properties before and after sintering. The differences in the raw materials of other mining regions are examined in terms of their chemical and mineralogical compositions, specific surface area, particle size, and particle distribution. Among them, the Gangjin raw material has the greatest mean particle size of $92.29{\mu}m$, as well as the widest particle size distribution. Differences in the levels of $SiO_2$ and $Fe_2O_3$ are shown among Onggi raw materials. However, the crystalline phases formed after sintering are identical, except for the Jeju samples. At all sintering temperatures tested here, Gangjin Onggi showed the greatest porosity, leading to complete air permeation through the body within 90 minutes. These results taken together indicate that air permeation is strongly related to the pore structures in the Onggi body. This is assumed to affect the fermentation behavior.

강진과 부안 청자 도편의 비교연구

노형구,김수민,김응수,조우석,한정화,No, Hyunggoo,Kim, Soomin,Kim, Ungsoo,Cho, Wooseok,Han, Junghwa 한국세라믹학회 2015 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.52 No.1

Celadon shards from Gangjin and Buan were analyzed for their color, chemistry and microstructures. They exhibited similar chromatic characteristics in a $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ analysis. All of the glazes assessed showed comparable compositional areas, while the bodies from Gangjin shards had higher $RO_2$ concentrations. A high degree of similarity was also noted in the microstructures of the glaze and bodies from both regions. Anorthite crystals appeared in the glaze layer, and phase separation behavior developed around these crystals. This may have been caused by the glaze chemistry and the sintering process given the lengthy heating and cooling time. A Raman analysis indicated higher isolated $SiO_4$ unit ($Q_0$) values for the Buan samples. This can stem from the higher firing temperature or the longer sintering process.