A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

위산 환경에서 피막형 스텐트의 물성 변화

김은선(Eun Sun Kim),금보라(Bo Ra Keum),서연석(Yeon Seok Seo),이홍식(Hong Sik Lee),전훈재(Hoon Jai Chun),박성철(Sung Chul Park),박낙순(Nark Soon Park),김동곤(Dong Gon Kim),나재운(Jae Woon Nah),진윤태(Yoon Tae Jeen),조혜진(Hye Jin Cho) 한국고분자학회 2014 폴리머 Vol.38 No.3

위장관 종양 조직이 스텐트 내로 성장하는 것을 방지하는 피막형 스텐트가 개발되어 널리 사용되고 있으나 위산에 의한 막의 분해로 인해 스텐트 폐쇄나 파손이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 위산 환경하에서 막의 성분과 재질 농도에 따른 피막형 스텐트의 물성 변화와 안정성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 스텐트 막의 재질은 실리콘과 폴리우레탄을 사용하였고, 각각의 농도를 15%, 18%, 20%로 하여 제작된 스텐트를 pH 1.2 산성 용액에서 18주 동안 3주 간격으로변화를 관찰하였다. 피막을 분석한 결과 동일 농도에서 비교하였을 때 실리콘이 폴리우레탄보다 두껍고 균일하게코팅되었다. 인공 위액에 의한 폴리우레탄 피막의 분해가 실리콘 피막에 비해 심하였다. 반경 방향 팽창력의 크기는실리콘 피막이 폴리우레탄 피막에 비해 상대적으로 컸다. 반경 방향 팽창력과 변형 회복력 모두 인공 위액에서의침잠 기간이 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하였고, 폴리우레탄 피막 스텐트에서 감소율이 더 컸다. 결론적으로 실리콘 피막이 폴리우레탄에 비해 위산에 대해 안정성이 높음을 알 수 있었다. In membrane covered stent, occlusion and fracture from membrane degradation by gastric acid sometimesoccurred. Therefore, we investigated the physical properties of membrane covered stent according to its ingredient andconcentration in gastric acid environment. Membrane covered stents consisted of silicone and polyurethane with 15%,18%, 20% concentrations were used. After incubating stents in a condition of pH 1.2, we checked any changes at every3 weeks for 18 weeks. The changes of membrane surface, radial expansion and recovery force of stent were investigated. Coating thickness increased proportionally to an increase in ingredient concentration. Surface was evenly coated with siliconecompared to the case with polyurethane and its homogeneity was excellent in a high concentration. Degradationwas much severe in the case of polyurethane. The radial force of silicone was higher than polyurethane, and the decreaseof radial and recovery force was higher in the case of polyurethane. In conclusion, high concentration of silicone membranewas more stable than polyurethane in acid environment of in vitro study.

조선 왕릉 石獸 연구

김은선(KIM Eun-Sun) 한국미술사학회 2014 美術史學硏究 Vol.- No.283 · 284

Effects of nickel and cobalt on induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in HaCaT

Eun-Sun Kim(김은선),Eunii Kim(김은지),Minsoo Noh(노민수),Ok-Nam Bae(배옥남) 환경독성보건학회 2014 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.11

학점은행제 연극전공자의 진로장벽, 전공만족도, 진로결정자기효능감, 진로준비행동 간의 구조적 관계

김은선(Eun-Sun Kim),김종표(Jong-Pyo Kim),이종찬(Jong-Chan Lee) 한국진로교육학회 2018 진로교육연구 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 학점은행제 연극전공자의 진로장벽과 진로준비행동의 영향관계를 밝혀내고, 이 관계에서 전공만족도와 진로결정자기효능감의 매개효과를 검증하여 현실적인 진로문제에 도움이 되는 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이러한 연구목적을 바탕으로 변인 간의 영향관계를 설정한 연구모형이 적합한지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 총 8개의 학점은행제 연극전공자 625명을 대상으로 구조적 관계를 알아보고자, 최대우도법을 사용하여 구조방정식 모형 분석을 하였으며, 매개효과를 검증하고자 부트스트래핑을 사용하였다. 연구분석 과정을 통한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로장벽이 높을수록, 전공만족도와 진로결정자기효능감이 낮아지고, 진로준비행동에는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전공만족도는 진로결정자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 진로결정자기효능감이 높을수록 진로준비행동에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 진로장벽과 진로준비행동의 영향관계에서 전공만족도와 진로결정자기효능감의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 전공만족도는 진로장벽과 진로결정자기효능감의 관계에서 부분매개역할을 하였다. 진로결정자기효능감은 진로장벽과 진로준비행동의 관계에서 부분매개역할을 하였다. 진로결정자기효능감은 전공만족도와 진로준비행동의 관계에서 완전매개역할을 하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 학점은행제 연극전공자의 현실적인 진로문제 해결에 도움이 되는 시사점을 제공하였다. The purpose of this study is to present basic resources that are helpful in solving practical career problems by investigating the structural relationship between career barrier, major satisfaction, career decision-making self-efficacy and career preparation behavior of drama & theatre majors in credit bank system. For this, the suitability of structural model that establishing the influential relationship among variables was examined. With 625 students at eight credit bank system as study subjects, structural equation model analysis were carried out. In addition, the structural equation model analysis using maximum likelihood method was conducted to investigate the structural relationship between research variables. Also, the mediating effect was analyzed using bootstrapping analysis to verify it. The results of this study revealed through the analysis are as follows. First, the higher the career barrier, the lower the major satisfaction, and the career decision-making self-efficacy, having a positive effect on career preparation behavior. Second, the career satisfaction had a positive effect on career decision-making self-efficacy, and the higher the career decision-making self-efficacy, the more positive effect it had on career preparation behavior. Third, the mediating effect of major satisfaction and career decision-making self-efficacy was verified in the influential relationship between career barrier and career preparation behavior. The degree of major satisfaction showed a partially mediating effect between career barrier and career decision-making self-efficacy. The career decision-making self-efficacy exerted a partial mediating effect between career barrier and career preparation behavior, while verified a full mediating effect between career satisfaction and career preparation behavior.

벨류체인 기반 유망아이템 발굴 성과분석에 관한 연구

김은선(Kim Eun-sun),최윤정(Choi Yun-jeong),노현숙(Roh Hyun-sook) 한국콘텐츠학회 2017 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

키토산 시장분석을 통한 사업기회 탐색

김은선 ( Eun Sun Kim ),이준우 ( Joon Woo Lee ),유재영 ( Jae Young Yoo ),박영서 ( Young Seo Park ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2004 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.9 No.3

디지털 콘텐츠 산업의 유망분야 비교분석 연구

김은선(Kim Eun-Sun),박동운(Park Dong-Un),박영서(Park Young-Seo) 한국콘텐츠학회 2006 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

인터넷의 보급과 함께 엄청나게 성장하고 있는 디지털 콘텐츠 산업은 웹정보콘텐츠 뿐만 아니라 게임, 애니메이션, 디지털 영상, 이러닝 등 다양한 형태로 발전하고 있다. 특히 국내의 경우 초고속 정보통신망의 보급과 디지털방송, 전자상거래의 활성화 등 다른 국가에 비해 우수한 관련 인프라를 보유하고 있어, 디지털콘텐츠 산업의 육성을 적극 지원하려는 노력이 진행되고 있다. 국가성장엔진의 하나로서 디지털콘텐츠가 차지하는 비중을 미루어 보건데 사업성을 전제한 관련기술과 핵심요소들의 정확한 개발 방향에 대한 결정이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 10대 성장동력 산업의 하나인 디지털콘텐츠세부 분야별 사업 유망성에 대한 평가를 통해 관련분야의 기술개발 및 사업화에 관심을 갖는 산?학?연 주체들의 사업전략에 실질적인 도움을 주고자 했다. 사업 유망성 비교분석의 틀로써 SRI의 차세대 성장산업과 제품들을 선정하기 위한 7단계의 프로세스 가운데 외적요인, 즉 산업과 비즈니스 영역부문의 평가프레임을 보정하여 활용하였다. With the development of internet diffusion, digital contents industries has been growing with various forms such as game, animation, e-learning etc.. Considering that digital contents industry is the part of national growth engine, it is very important to make decision over technology development direction based on commercialization premises. This paper tries to give practical help over industries and academia through details industry analysis and assessment. The part of assessment tools which was originated from Standford Research Institute has been applied to compare and analyze the details industries.

액체급냉법에 의해 제조한 비정질 Co-Nb-B 합금의 전기화학적 부식 특성

김은선 ( Eun Sun Kim ),김현구 ( Hyun Goo Kim ),장희진 ( Hee Jin Jang ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2014 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.13 No.4

This study was undertaken to examine the electrochemical corrosion properties of an Co80Nb10B10 and Co82Nb8B10 amorphous alloys prepared by melt-spinning method under various conditions. The potentiodynamic polarization responses at various levels of pH (pH 2. pH 7, pH 12) showed that the corrosion current rate of Co80Nb10B10 alloy is lower than that of CO82Nbx8B10 alloy in all levels of pH, implying the general corrosion resistance of the alloy with higher Nb content is better than that with higher Co content. The pining potential of Co80Nb10BIO alloy was also better than that of CO82Nb8B10, evidenced by the higher pitting potential. Nb is thought to be effective in increasing the protectiveness of the passive film and hence 10 improve the corrosion resistance of Co-Nb-B alloys.

토함산 석굴(石窟) 십대제자상(十大弟子像)의 연구

김은선 ( Eun Sun Kim ) 한국불교미술사학회(한국미술사연구소) 2015 강좌미술사 Vol.44 No.-

十大弟子``란 석가모니를 직접 모셨던 직계 聲聞弟子 중 우두머리 열명을 일컫는 말로, ``釋迦十大弟子``, ``釋迦十聖``라고도 한다. 이 글은 통일신라 불교미술 최고의 걸작품인 석굴암 조각 중에서 십대제자상을 중점적으로 다루었다. 십대제자상은 본존불이 있는 원형 主室의 主壁에 배치되어 존격이높다. 또한 주실 벽면의 3 분의 2 에 해당하는 넓은 벽면을 과감하게 할애한 중요한 상이다. 십대제자상은 정확한 존명이나 배치순서에 이견이 많다. 왜냐하면 지물과 수인이 所依經典과 맞지 않고, 존명을 정확하게 비교할 만한 도상의 근거가 아직 제시되지 않았기 때문이다. 특히 불제자는 깨달음을 얻었으나 미륵이 올때까지 중생을 제도해야할 지극히 인간다운 ``僧侶``나 ``祖師``의 도상으로 표현이 자유로우며 개성적이고, 고정된 圖像없이 다양하다. 그중 병향로와 향합을 든 도상, 경권을 든 도상, 합장을 한 도상 등은 석굴암을 비롯한 동아시아의 국제적인 도상이다. 이는 일본 가쥬지(勸修寺) <釋迦如來說法圖>, 중국 <敦煌 莫高窟 56 窟 壁畵>, 중국 <炳靈寺 11 窟 壁畵> 등과 비교할 수 있다. 석굴암 십대제자상은 정확하게 좌우대칭을 기초로 한 원형배치법이다. 본존상을 중심으로 둥글게 도는 원형배치법이며, 양 끝의 제자가 병향로와 향합을 들고 공양의식을 하고 있는 장면을 성공적으로 구현하였다. 본존을 성스럽게 둘러싸는 한편, 입구쪽을 향하여 율동감있게 행진하는 모습을 조형화한 완벽한 조각이다. 석굴암 십대제자상과 양식적으로 비교할 주요 작품은 중국 <龍門石窟 東山 看經寺洞 29 祖師像>,중국 <龍門石窟 .鼓台 中洞의 25 祖師像>, 중국 <天龍山 石窟 아난·가섭상>, 일본 <興福寺 乾漆十大弟子像> 등이다. 얼굴은 강한 볼륨감을 준 서역인의 풍모이며, 표정은 인간적인 감정을 드러내 섬세하고, 유려한 옷자락 등 사실주의에 충실한 양식이다. 따라서 십대제자상은 석굴암 도상 중에서 가장 자유롭고 개성강한 조형이다. The ten principle disciples are refered to the ten leading disciples also called ``the ten disciples of Sakyamuni`` or ``the ten saints of Sakyamuni``, who served Buddha and heard his preaching close to. This study is focused on the statue of the ten principle disciples in Seokguram, considered the masterpiece of Buddhist art in Silla in the era from the 7th to 8th century. The statue of the ten disciples is arranged at the back wall of the main chamber where the Svadeva (Principle Buddha) is placed, suggesting their highly considered position in Buddhism Also two thirds of the wall in the main chamber is allocated for their statue, which presents their religious significance. Still, there are a number of differing views in their exact names or the order of arrangement, since the symbolic hand gesture or what they hold is not in accord with the Buddhist scriptures and there is no ground for the icon to identify their names yet. Especially a Buddhist regarded as the icon of a very humane monk or a Buddhist Patriarch achieved great enlightenment but remained for leading all living beings till the advent of Maitreya. The way they are expressed is various and distinctive without any formulaic pattern. Of them, there are some icons in common in Eastern Asia including Seokguram, such as the icon holding an incense burner with shaft or an incense box, the icon with a scroll of sutras, and the icon putting its hands together in a prayer position. It is available to compare with the Painting of Buddha Giving a Sermon at Kajuji Temple (勸修寺 釋迦如來說法圖) in Japan or the mural painting at the 56th Grotto of Dunhuang Mogao Caves (敦煌 莫高窟 56 窟 壁畵) and that of the 11th Grotto in Bingling Temple (炳靈寺 11 窟 壁畵) in China. The statue of the ten disciples in Seokguram is structured in a circle arrangement with the exact bilateral symmetry. It surrounds the statue of Svadeva in a circle and effectively pictures the scene that two disciples at each end hold the incense burner and the incense box to make an offering ritual. While surrounding the Svadeva in a holy way, it is carved with perfection to make an offering by rhythmic and lively motions toward the entrance. In comparing, the followings are available in terms of the mode of expression; in China, the 29 Buddhist Patriarchs in Kanjingsidong (東山看經寺洞 29 祖師像) and the 25 Buddhist Patriarchs in Leigutai Jungdong (雷鼓台 中洞 25 祖師像) of Longmen Grottoes (龍門石窟), the Statue of Ananda and Kasyapa at Tianlongshan Cave (天龍山 石窟) or in Japan, the Lacquered Statue of the Ten Principle Disciples in Kofukuji Temple (興福寺 乾漆 十大弟子像). Each of the disciples`` faces looks similar to Westerners`` with strong visual depth and expresses humane emotions with the flowing trains of garment, which truly presents realism. Thus, the statue of the ten principle disciples is the most unconstrained and distinctive art work in all the statuary in Seokguram.