페로망간 집진분(集塵粉)의 재활용(再活用)에 관한 연구(硏究)

김윤채,송영준,박영구,Kim, Youn-Che,Song, Young-Jun,Park, Young-Koo 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2012 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.21 No.3

이전의 연구에서는 $Mn_3O_4$ 분진으로부터 고순도 훼로망간를 얻기 위해, Al 테르밋법이 검토되었다. 그 결과는 Mn 함유율이 약 93% 이상이고, KS D3712 규격 이하의 낮은 C, P, S의 불순물을 함유한 고순도 페로망간을 얻을 수 있음 보여주었다. 본 연구에서는 제조 코스트가 Al 분말보다 저렴한 Si 분말이 $Mn_3O_4$ 분진의 테르밋 반응법의 환원제로 검토되었다. 그 결과 환원제로 Si 분말을 단독으로 첨가할 경우는 착화가 불안정하여 테르밋 반응이 일어나지 않았으나, 환원제로 Si 분말과 Al 분말을 동시에 첨가할 경우는 C, P, S의 불순물 함유율이 매우 낮은 고순도 페로망간을 얻을 수 있었다. In order to make high-purity ferro-manganese from $Mn_3O_4$ dust, the application of aluminothermy process to the reduction of $Mn_3O_4$ dust was investigated in previous work. The result showed the fact that can be obtained high purity ferro-manganese which have over about 93% of manganese content and lower impurities such as C, P, S than those of KS D3712 specification. The addition of silicon powder instead of aluminum powder was investigated as reductant in the thermite reaction process of $Mn_3O_4$ dust in this work because its production cost is lower than that of aluminum powder. In case of addition of silicon powder only as reductant, the experimental result showed the unstable ignition and no thermite reaction of mixture, but in case of simultaneous addition of silicon and aluminum powders as reductant, showed the fact that can be obtained high purity ferro-manganese which have much low content of impurities such as C, P, S component.

Mn3O4 분진으로부터 고순도 훼로망간 제조에 관한 연구

김윤채 ( Youn Che Kim ),송영준 ( Young Jun Song ),박영구 ( Young Koo Park ) 한국유화학회 2011 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.28 No.2

In order to make high-purity ferro-manganese from Mn3O4 waste dust, the application of aluminothermite process to the reduction of the waste dust was investigated. The mixture from Mn3O4 dust as metallic source and Al metal powder as the reductant ignited, and reduced with an extremely intense exothermic reaction. The rapid propagation of the aluminothermite reaction occurred spontaneously and stably by ignition of the mixture. The Manganese having some alloy elements emerged as liquids due to the high temperatures reached up to about 2,500°C and separated from the liquid by their differences of specific gravity. The result of thermite reaction showed the fact that can be obtained high purity ferro-manganese which have over about 90% of manganese content and lower impurities such as C, P, S than those of KS D3712 specification. The recovery of manganese from Mn3O4 dust was lower level of about 65% than about 75% from manganese ore by electric furnace process, that is due to spatter loss because of its extremely intense thermite reaction. But it will be improved by the process designed to provide CaO as the cooler or to use the Al metal powder having larger particle size distribution.

Mn₃O₄ 분진의 Al 테르밋 반응용 Al 합금분말의 특성

김윤채(Youn-Che Kim),송영준(Youn-Jun Song),박영구(Young-Koo Park) 한국유화학회 2013 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.30 No.1

알루미늄 테르밋 반응의 환원제로서 알루미늄 분말은 200 메쉬 이하의 미분이 필요하나, 알루미늄의 높은 인성과 분말 제조비 때문에 경제적으로 용이하지 않다. 그러므로 Mn3O4 분진 환원용 알루미늄 미분의 제조 코스트를 낮추기 위해, 알루미늄 합금분말의 제특성이 검토되었다. 망간을 다량 함유한 알루미늄 합금괴는 취성이 큰 금속간 화합물을 함유하고 있기 때문에 쉽게 파쇄할 수 있다. 또 망간은 망간 합금철의 주성분이다. Al-15%Mn 합금분말을 기계적 파쇄법으로 저렴하게 제조할 수 있다. Al 분말 대신에 Al-15%Mn 합금분말을 사용한 테르밋 반응 결과는 환원제로 순 알루미늄 분말을 사용한 경우와 같이 고순도 망간 합금철을 얻을 수 있었다. Al-15%Mn 합금분말를 이용한 Mn3O4 분진의 망간 회수율은 알루미늄 분말을 이용한 경우의 약 65% 보다 높은 약 70%의 높은 수준을 보였으며, 이는 비산이 적은 것에 기인한다. Aluminium powder as reductant in aluminothermy process needs a fine particle size under 200 mesh, but it is not easy economically to make that because of its high ductility and powder production cost. In order to reduce the production cost of fine aluminum powder as reductant of Mn3O4 waste dust, therefore, the properties of aluminium alloy powder were investigated. Aluminium alloy ingot containing large amount of manganese can be crushed easily because of its intermetallic compounds having brittle properties. The manganese is also main element in ferro-manganese. We can obtain economically Al-15%Mn alloy powder by mechanical comminution process. And the result of thermite reaction using Al-15% Mn alloy powder instead of pure Al powder showed the fact that can be obtained the ferro-manganese which have a high purity in case of using pure aluminium powder as reductant. The recovery of manganese from Mn3O4 waste dust with Al-15%Mn alloy powder was higher level of about 70% than about 65% in case of using aluminium powder, that is due to lower spatter loss.

Fe-Cu계 소결합금의 이상팽창에 관한 연구 (I)

송영준,김윤채,Song Young-Jun,Kim Youn-Che 한국분말야금학회 2004 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.11 No.5

In order to investigate behavior of abnormal expansion of the iron-copper compacts, we compared the dilatometric curves of the compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron powder with those of compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron-copper alloy powder. The dilatometric curves were obtained below the sintering conditions, which heated up to 115$0^{\circ}C$ by a heating rate of 1$0^{\circ}C$/min, held for 60min at 115$0^{\circ}C$ and cooled down at a rate of 2$0^{\circ}C$/min to room temperature. The dilatometric curves of the compacts showed the different expansion behavior at temperatures above the copper melting point in spite of same chemical composition. All of the compacts of former case showed large expansion, but all of the compacts in latter case showed large contraction. The microstructures of sintered compacts also showed the different progress in alloying of the copper into the iron powder. Namely we could observe the segregation at alloy part of copper into iron powder in case of the sintered compacts, which mixed the copper powder to the iron powder, but could not observe the segregation in compacts which mixed the copper powder to the iron-copper alloy powder. But the penetration of liquid copper into the interstices between solid particles was occurred at both cases. Therefore, the showing of the different dimensional changes in the compacts in spite of same chemical composition is due to more the alloying of copper into iron powder than the penetration of liquid copper into the interstices between solid particles.

B2형 금속간화합물 β-NiAl중에 α-Cr입자의 석출거동

한창석,김윤채 ( Chang Suck Han,Youn Che Kim ) 한국열처리공학회 1996 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

Microstructural control to produce multiphase structure has received much attention to improve the high temperature strength as well as low temperature ductility of intermetallics. Transmission electron microscopic investigation has been carried out concerning the effect of Cr-precipitation on the mechanical properties of B2-ordered NiAl containing 4 to 8 mold% of Cr. By aging at temperatures around 973K after solution annealing, fine spherical precipitates took place homogeneously in the NiAl matrix and the alloys hardened appreciably. Selected area electron diffraction(SAED) patterns have not revealed any additional extra-spots during aging, because the Cr-particles show cube-cube orientation relationship and keep a perfect coherency with the ordered matrix lattice. Dislocations were confirmed to bypass the particles during deformation. Although the dispersion of Cr-particles increased the yield strength of NiAl at intermediate temperature, the strength decreased appreciably at higher temperatures.

B2형 규칙(Ni , Co) Al의 상분리와 강도

한창석,김윤채 ( Chang Suck Han,Youn Che Kim ) 한국열처리공학회 1996 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) investigation on the phase decomposition of B2-ordered (Ni, Co)Al supersaturated with Ni and Co has revealed the precipitation of (Ni, Co)₂Al which has not been expected from the reported equilibrium phase diagram. The (Ni, Co)₂Al phase has a hexagonal struture and takes a rod-like shape with the long axis of the rod parallel to the <111> directlions of the B2 matrix. By aging at temperatures below 873K, a long period Superlattice Structure appears in the hexagonal (Ni, Co)₂Al Phase. The orientation relationship between the (Ni, Co)₂Al Precipitates and the B2-(Ni, Co)Al matrix is found to be(0001)_P // (111)_(B2) and [1￣21￣0]_P // [1￣10]_(B2), Where the suffix p and B2 denote the (Ni, Co)₂Al precipitate and the B2-(Ni, Co)Al matrix. respectively. (Ni, Co)Al hardens appreciably by the fine precipitation of the (Ni, Co)₂Al phase. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyze the compositions of each phase formed in B2-(Ni, Co)Al.

산성광산배수(AMD) 처리(處理) 슬러지의 중금속(重金屬) 흡착(吸着) 특성(特性)

송영준,이계승,신강호,김윤채,서봉원,윤시내,Song, Young-Jun,Lee, Gye Seung,Shin, Kang Ho,Kim, Youn-Che,Seo, Bong Won,Yoon, Si-Nae 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2012 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 날로 그 발생량이 증가하고 있는 산성광산배수의 처리과정에서 발생하는 슬러지를 재활용하기 위하여 수행되었으며, 슬러지의 주성분인 수산화철[$Fe(OH)_3$]이 중금속에 대한 흡착 능력이 우수한 점을 이용하여 슬러지를 광해방지용 중금속흡착제의 제조 원료로 활용하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 슬러지의 물성파악을 위하여 슬러지의 화학조성, 광물조성, 입도, 형상 등을 조사하였고 슬러지 첨가량, 시간, pH, 중금속 농도, 소결온도에 따른 중금속 종별 흡착능을 조사 검토하였다. This study was carried out for the purpose of obtaining basic data to utilize the AMD sludge as sorbent for heavy metal ions. The sludge from the treatment process of Acid Mine Drainage mainly consists of fine iron hydroxide or iron oxide hydrate and calcite, and the fine iron hydroxide or iron oxide hydrate has a property of adsorbing heavy metal ions. In this study, we investigated the physical property of the AMD sludge like as mineral composition, particle size and shape and chemical composition and also investigated the influence of dosage of sludge, adsorbing time, pH, initial concentration and sintering temperature on the adsorption of heavy metal ions.

인산부생석고(燐酸副生石膏)로부터 결정질(結晶質) 이수석고(二水石膏)의 제조(製造)

박운경,송영준,이중미,이계성,김윤채,신강호,윤시내,박찬훈,Park, Woon-Kyoung,Song, Young-Jun,Lee, Jung-Mi,Lee, Gye-Seung,Kim, Youn-Che,Shin, Kang-Ho,Yoon Si-Nae,Park, Charn-Hoon 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2006 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 인산부생석고를 결정성장시켜 고순도의 결정질 이수석고를 제조하여 다용도의 석고를 얻고자 하였다. $99^{\circ}C$의 수중에서 약 2시간 동안에 이수석고는 $\alpha$형의 반수석고로 탈수가 완료되었다. 수중탈수된 반수석고를 매정제 $Na_2SO_4$를 10wt%, 슬러리 농도는 20%, pH가 $5{\sim}6$, 결정성장온도 $65^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 4시간 동안 결정성장 시키면 장경이 $200{\mu}m$정도인 결정을 얻을 수 있었다. 결정성장이 끝난 슬러리를 325#로 습식사분하여 사상산물로 고순도 결정성장 석고를 얻었으며, 이 때 석고의 회수율은 약 93.9%, 순도는 99% 정도 였다. This study was carried out for to recover the purified crystalline gypsum from phosphogypsum by means of using it's crystallographical Properties. The dehydration of hydrated phosphogypsum to $\alpha$-hemihydrate is completed with the 2 hours treatment of it in $99^{\circ}C$ waterrs. The purified crystalline gypsum having the maximum size of $200{\mu}m$ was obtained by 325# wet screening after recrystallization of the $\alpha$-hemihydrate gypsum at the condition of $Na_2SO_4$ 10 wt%, slurry density 20%, $pH\;5{\sim}6,\;65^{\circ}C$ and 4hr. In this process, the yield of gypsum was 93.9% and its grade was 99%.

인산부생석고(燐酸副生石膏)의 재활용(再活用)을 위한 기초연구(基礎硏究)

박운경,송영준,이정미,이계승,김윤채,신강호,윤시내,박찬훈,Park, Woon-Kyoung,Song, Young-Jun,Lee, Jung-Mi,Lee, Gye-Seung,Kim, Youn-Che,Shin, Kang-Ho,Yoon, Sin-Ae,Park, Charn-Hoon 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2006 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 인산 부생석고 재활용 가능성을 판단하고, 선별 및 정제 등의 재활용 공정을 설계하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻을 목적으로 수행되었다. 인산부생석고의 화학조성, 광물조성, 입도분포, 형상 등을 조사하였으며, 입도별 화학조성의 변화를 석고의 품위, 불순물의 분포, 중금속의 분포 등을 중심으로 검토하였다. This study is carried out for the purpose of investigating the property of phosphogypsum, and suggesting the proper recycling system for it. The chemical composition, mineralogical composition, particle size distribution and shape of phosphogypsum were investigated. The size distribution and constitution of impurities, distribution of heavy metals are also investigated. In conclusion, the grade and yield of recoverable phosphogypsum were discussed.

황산나트륨 용액에서 인산부생석고의 결정성장 특성

이계승,이정미,송영준,신강호,김윤채,윤시내,장윤호,이성룡,Lee, Gye-Seung,Lee, Jung-Mi,Song, Young-Jun,Shin, Kang-Ho,Kim, Youn-Che,Yoon, Si-Nae,Jang, Yoon-Ho,Lee, Sung-Riong 한국결정성장학회 2011 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.21 No.1

이수석고 상태로 존재하는 인산부생석고를 ${\beta}$형 반수석고가 되도록 탈수한 다음 급격히 수화시켜 석고성분 만을 미립의 침상결정이 되도록 하여 불순물과 분리하는 공정과 여기서 회수된 침상의 이수석고 슬러리에 무수황산나트륨 ($Na_2SO_4$)을 첨가하여 용해시키고 적당한 조건에서 탈수와 결정성장 조작을 행하여 고순도 이수석고 결정을 회수하는 공정을 제안하였다. 본 고에서는 상온에서의 미립 이수석고의 결정성장속도, 전체 공정 단계별 수용액 내 $Ca^{2+}$의 농도 변화, 결정질 석고의 입도와 회수율에 미치는 수중탈수 시간, 결정성장 온도, 강온속도의 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. The re-crystallization process for recovering granular crystalline gypsum from phospho-gypsum have proposed. The process consists of two stages; at the first stage, needle-like fine gypsum is recovered with under-product of 325 mesh wet screening after the speedy hydration of dehydrated phospho-gypsum, and at the second stage, granular crystalline gypsum is recovered with upper-product of 325 mesh wet screening after dehydration and re-crystallization of the needle-like fine gypsum in $Na_2SO_4$ solution. This paper is mainly focused on the influence of dehydration time, cooling speed of temperature and re-crystallization temperature on the recovery of granular crystalline gypsum. And the re-crystallization velocity of needle-like fine gypsum at room temperature and the variation of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration of gypsum slurry during over all re-crystallization process were also discussed.