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긍정적 행동지원 관련 단일 대상 연구의 동향 및 질적 지표에 의한 연구방법의 분석
김유리 ( Yu Ree Kim ),양영모 ( Young Mo Yang ),노진아 ( Jin A Noh ) 한국특수아동학회 2015 특수아동교육연구 Vol.17 No.1
현재까지 단일대상 연구 방법을 적용한 긍정적 행동지원의 전체적인 연구 동향이 분석되지 않았으며, 긍정적 행동지원이 증거기반의 실제로 인식될 수 있는지에 대한 기초 연구의 일환으로 단일대상 연구 방법의 질적 수준이 점검되지 않았다. 이에 연구자들은 국내에서 이루어진 긍정적 행동지원 단일대상 연구의 최근 동향을 분석하고, Horner와 동료들(2005)의 21가지 질적 지표에 의하여 연구 방법의 질적 수준을 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 한국연구재단 등재 학술지에 실린 긍정적 행동지원 관련 논문을 체계적으로 검색하여 논문 선정 기준에 맞는 총 35편의 연구 논문을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 개별차원의 긍정적 행동지원이 가장 활발하게 연구되고 있었고, 중고등학생을 대상으로 하는 연구가 늘어나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 질적 지표에 의해 연구 방법을 분석한 결과, 반복 연구가 가능할 정도로 자세히 기술되었는가와 관련한 연구 환경과 기초선 영역의 질적 지표 충족률이 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 중재 충실도, 사회적 타당도와 관련한 질적 지표의 충족률도 낮게 나타났다. 이에 반해 종속변인과 실험적 통제 및 내적 타당도 영역과 관련 질적 지표의 충족률은 높게 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과들을 토대로 긍정적 행동지원과 관련한 단일대상 연구의 방향성을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine research trends in Positive Behavior Support(PBS) conducted in Korea with the single subject research method and evaluate the quality of researches according to 21 quality indicators by Horner et al.(2005) For this purpose, journal articles were systematically searched via research databases and a total of 35 researches were chosen based on criteria for this study. The results are as follows. The most researches were about individualized supports. Studies targeted to middle and high school students have been increasing. When they were analyzed in terms of the quality indicators, satisfaction of the quality indicators about settings and base lines was not met. Intervention fidelity and social validity were not also satisfied with the indicators. On the other hand, Dependent variables, experimental control, and internal validity were highly satisfied. Future research issues were discussed based on the results.
미국 내 중국연구의 변화를 통해 본 중국위협론 논의의 재고찰
김유리 ( Yu Ree Kim ) 서강대학교 동아연구소 2012 東亞 硏究 Vol.31 No.2
This paper analyses the causes of the debate on China threat theory, which have been an issue throughout the 1990s and 2000s, by reviewing the trends and research environments of China studies in the United States. Looking into the background of the China threat debate regarding the changes of the research environment in the U.S., this paper tries to complement previous studies on the China threat. After introducing the development of China studies in the U.S., the paper points out the divisions and specializations among studies of Chinese domestic politics and international relations since the 1980s, and another trend of division in studies of foreign relations and security policies. The studies of Chinese domestic politics, mainly conducted by scholars in universities, have become more academic and detailed on the issues of Chinese politics, economy and society. On the other hand, studies of foreign and security relations have been conducted not only by China experts, but also by many general IR experts, policy-oriented think tanks, journalists and consulting firms. The continuity of these division and separation has led to a big difference in terms of perceptions and information. Due to such widening gap among scholars, it is highly unlikely that the China threat debate would be resolved in a productive way. As China continues its rapid growth, it is critical to bridge this gap and promote more connections and cooperation among between different fields. It is also important for Korean academia, which now started to promote and expand China studies, to get some implications from the U.S. experience to develop a more comprehensive and balanced set of policies toward China.
발달지체 유아를 대상으로 한 단일대상연구 문헌의 연구 방법 분석
김유리 ( Yu Ree Kim ),노진아 ( Jin A Noh ) 한국특수아동학회 2011 특수아동교육연구 Vol.13 No.4
이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 발달지체 유아를 대상으로 한 단일대상연구 문헌들의 연구 방법을 분석하고 이를 토대로 앞으로의 단일대상연구 방법의 방향을 모색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 1998년부터 2010년 까지 발간된 유아특수교육 관련 학술지에 실린 단일대상 연구물 35편을 개발된 분석틀에 따라서 분석하였다. 연구 결과 국내 발달지체 유아를 대상으로 한 단일대상 연구들 중 절반 정도는 대상자의 특성과 선정 기준을 기술하고 있었으며, 소수의 연구만인 진단 도구 등에 대해서 언급하고 있었다. 그리고 분석 연구들 중 절반 정도는 관찰 방법에 대해 설명하고 종속변인을 조작적으로 정의하고 있었으며, 85%의 연구에서 관찰자간 신뢰도를 산출하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중재내용을 상세히 기술하고 있는 연구도 71%에 달하고 있었으나 소수의 연구만이 중재충실도와 사회적 타당도를 점검한 것으로 들어났다. 뿐만 아니라 대부분의 연구는 중다 기초선 설계를 사용하여 중재와 목표행동 간에 기능적 관계를 밝히고 있었지만, 자료 분석과 해석에 있어서의 진정성과 체계성이 더욱 구축되어야 할 것으로 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 국내 발달지체 유아를 대상으로 한 단일대상연구가 갖추어야 할 지표들에 대해 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the qualitative levels of single-subject design research for young children with developmental delays in Korea in order to suggest future directions for single-subject design research with high qualities. For these purposes, a total of 35 single-subject research articles published from 1998 to 2010 were selected and analyzed. As results, approximately half of the articles mentioned participants` characteristics and selection criteria, and few mentioned assessment tools. In addition, although about half of the articles described specific methods to observe target behaviors and the operational definition of target behaviors, 85% articles included inter-rater reliability. Also, 71% articles described the intervention in detail but only few monitored fidelity treatment and social validity regarding intervention. Furthermore, multiple baseline designs were applied in most articles in order to identify the functional relationships between intervention and target behaviors. However, trustworthiness and system in data analysis and interpretation should be expanded in future studies. Based on these results, directions for high quality single-subject design research for young children with developmental delays in Korea were suggested.
TNBS로 유도된 흰쥐의 대장염(大腸炎)에 대한 노봉방(露蜂房) 약침(藥鍼)의 효과
송정방 ( Jeong Bang Song ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),김유리 ( Yu Lee Kim ),박유리 ( Yu Ree Park ),안성훈 ( Seong Hun Ahn ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4
Objectives: Transient inflammation has been demonstrated to alter visceral sensory function in animal models and acute mucosal inflammation may precede the manifestation of visceral hyperalgesia. Thus in this study we compared effects of herbal acupuncture of Nidus Vespae (NV) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods: In Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250~400 g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Under general anesthesia, acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), SI25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by NV. Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hrs after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of c-Fos protein in L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hrs after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal group. NV herbal acupuncture also inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol but not L6 s.c., LC, and PAG. NV to ST36 inhibited significantly the c-Fos expression in Sol and PAG. NV to ST25 inhibited the c-Fos protein expression all over the observation area. NV to BL25 showed the inhibitory effects in the areas except LC. Whether or not a role of endogenous opioids, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30 ug/30 ul) was applied before the 2nd herbal acupuncture treatment 24 hrs after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem under different conditions such as type of herbal acupuncture compound and choice of acupoint. Conclusions: In summary, these data show that herbal acupuncture of NV inhibits signal pathways such as spinal cord and brain stem ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis. This effect may be mediated by acupoints through the endogenous opioid system involving the pain modulation.