점진적으로 축적된 지식을 사용한 검색 효율의 향상

김원용,김명호,이윤준(Won Yong Kim),Myoung Ho Kim,Yoon Joon Lee 한국정보과학회 1998 정보과학회논문지(B) Vol.25 No.12

일반적으로 자동 색인 기능을 가진 정보 검색 시스템들의 가장 큰 문제들 중의 하나는 같은 개념을 표현하는 문서들 및 질의들의 서로 다른 색인어들에 의하여 표현되는 어휘 차이이다. 기존의 확률 검색 모델은 이러한 문제를 고려하지 않고 하나의 개념은 하나의 색인어에 의해서만 표현되는 환경을 가정한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 확률 검색 모델을 색인어들간의 관계를 고려할 수 있도록 확장한다. 또한 확장된 모델이 필요로 하는 지식, 즉 색인어들간의 관계를 점진적으로 파악할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 질의에 대한 검색 결과가 나올 때마다 질의에 적합한 문서들에서 질의에 사용된 색인어들의 유사 색인어들을 파악하고 유사 정도를 갱신한다. 제안한 방법이 정보 검색 분야에서 잘 알려진 적합성 피드백처럼 사요아가 제공하는 적합성 정보를 이용하지만 그 목적은 다르다. 적합성 피드백은 과거의 질의들에 대한 적합성 정보를 현재와 미래의 질의들에 대한 검색 효율의 향상을 이하여 이용하지 않는다. 제안한 방법은 과거의 적합성 정보를 지식을 생성하는데 이용함으로써 현재와 미래 질의들의 검색 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 실험에 의하면 제안한 지식 생성 방법을 이용한 검색 모델이 기존의 확률 검색 모델보다 우수한 검색 효율을 보이고 있다. Most information retrieval systems with automatic indexing facility suffer from problems associated with the vocabulary gap that might exist between authors and users. This problem occurs because a concept, in practice, can be designated by many index terms. The conventional probabilistic retrieval model is for the environment in which a concept is represented by only one index term. In this paper the conventional probabilistic retrieval model is extended to incorporate analogue relationships of index terms. Analogue index terms can designate the same concept. We also propose an incremental learning method to figure out the relationships. Each time retrieval results become available, the learning method identifies in the documents relevant to the given query the index terms that designate the concepts specified by the query index terms. Although the learning method employs user feedback like relevance feedback well-known in information retrieval, it differs from relevance feedback in a sense that it attempts to catch certain stable relationships of index terms from past user queries rather than to distinguish relevant documents from non-relevant ones for a particular query. Through experiments, we show that the proposed information retrieval method outperforms the conventional probabilistic retrieval model.

국내에서 분리한 encephalomyocarditis virus의 성상

김원용,마점술,김철중,강신영,최재윤,하용공,Kim, Won-yong,Mah, Jum-sool,Kim, Chul-joong,Kang, Shien-young,Choi, Jae-yoon,Ha, Yong-kong 대한수의학회 1992 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

We have investigated the characteristics of encephalomyocarditis(EMC) virus isolated in Korea. The CPE, buoyant density, polypeptide profile and the size of RNA of EMC virus were examined. The granulation, pyknosis and necrosis were observed from 30 to 48 hour's post inoculation of the virus into baby hamster kidney and lung cells. The buoyant density was 1.30 and $1.35g/m{\ell}$. Three different polypeptides, 26Kd, 32Kd, and 34Kd in size, were observed and the size of viral RNA was 7.7Kb.

Polymerization chain reaction과 Southern hybridization을 이용한 Salmonella속 균의 신속한 검출

김원용,장영효,박경윤,김철중,신광순,박용하,Kim, Won-yong,Chang, Young-hyo,Park, Kyoung-yoon,Kim, Chul-joong,Shin, Kwang-soon,Park, Yong-ha 대한수의학회 1995 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

Salmonella species are the most prevalent etiologic agents of food-borne acute gastroenteritis. Direct isolation of bacteria from the contaminated food, stool and animal tissues has been used for the diagnosis of salmonellosis routinely. However, isolation of bacteria is time consuming work and not so highly sensitive. In recent years, improved methods of polymerization chain reaction(PCR) and probe hybridization technique have led to the developement of diagnostic assays which employ to detect various human and animal pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we have performed the polymerization chain reaction to detect Salmonella pullorum from tissues and stool samples of chickens with two specific primers, ST5 and ST8C. The target DNA fragment of PhoE gene was successfully amplified from liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, lung, ovary, oviduct and feces samples. The amplified DNA fragments were hybridized with Salmonella typhymurium TA3000 PhoE probe by Southern hybridization. The PCR to amplify the PhoE gene was highly rapid and sensitive method to detect Salmonella pullorum from tissues and stool samples.

구상흑연주철의 파괴특성에 미치는 Cu 및 열처리의 영향

김원용,나태엽,강인찬,곽창섭 ( Won Yong Kim,Tae Youb Ra,In Chan Kang,Chang Sub Kwak ) 한국주조공학회 1993 한국주조공학회지 Vol.13 No.6

N/A A study was investigated the relationship between fracture characteristics and microstructure changes according to Cu addition and heat treatment methods on the ductile cast iron. According to increment of Cu addition pearlite volume fraction was increased due to the deflect of anti-ferritizing of Cu. At the case of austempering heat treatment, fracture toughness of Cu contained specimen was decreased. The reason for the results seems to be responsible for decrement of plastic zone size at the crack tip. It was observed that the excellent fracture toughness can be obtained at the condition of normalizing and the specimen was not contained Cu. Under the such conditions, fractographs is composed of dimple pattern and fracture toughness 71.6㎫ √m, tensile strength determined as the value of 961.6㎫, respectively.

가금에서 분리한 Salmonella속 균의 항균물질에 대한 감수성 및 plasmid profile

김원용,장영효,박경윤,김철중,신광순,박용하,Kim, Won-yong,Chang, Young-hyo,Park, Kyoung-yoon,Kim, Chul-joong,Shin, Kwang-soon,Park, Yong-ha 대한수의학회 1995 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

In this study, we aim to find the presence of virulence-related plasmid in Salmonella isolates from poultry, and the difference between S pullorum and S gallinarum on the plasmid profile and antibiotics resistance. We used seventeen isolates of Salmonella spp that were isolated from poultry. Thirteen isolates, S typhimurium(ST), S pullorum(SP) and S gallinarum(SG), contained virulence-related plasmids. These are 95Kd plasmid in ST and 85Kd plasmid in SP and SG. Three(1/4 of ST, 1/1 of SE, and 1/9 of SP) isolates have no detectable plasmids. The isolates of ST have relatively variable plasmid profile but the isolates of S pullorum except No 12(additional 3.0Kb plasmid) have common 85K6, 8.1Kb, 4.0Kb and 2.3Kb plasmid and two of three isolates of S gallinarum have common 85Kb, 4.0Kb and 2.3Kb plasmid but the rest has only 85Kb plasmid. Interestingly, all of the isolates of SP have 8.1Kb plasmid, and same size of plasmid is also found in one of ST isolates. All of the isolates have the resistance to penicillin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, streptomycin, sulfamethazine and some isolates show the resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. There is no relatedness between plasmid profile and antibiotics resistance and no differences between SP and SG in antibiotics resistance. Therefore further differentiation of each isolates by restriction enzyme assay and, if possible, charaterization of each plasmid, especially, 8.1Kb plasmid in SP and ST, may be necessary.

올바른 문화재관리(文化財管理)를 위(爲)하여

김원용,Kim, Won-Yong 국립문화재연구원 1965 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.1 No.-

전곡리 (全谷里) 아슐리안 양면핵석기문화 (兩面核石器文化) 예보 (豫報)

김원용,정영화 ( Won Yong Kim,Young Wha Chung ) 진단학회 1979 진단학보 Vol.- No.46-47

Flayin Analogue가 백서 간장내 포도당 및 지방 대사에 미치는 영향

김원용,황석귀,김윤수,Kim, Won-Yong,Whang, Suk-Kuy,Kim, Yoon-Soo 생화학분자생물학회 1978 한국생화학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Lambooy (1961) has shown that, while several analogues of riboflavin are able to replace the vitamins in the metabolism of some microorganism, 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin is able to serve as the sale flavin in the metabolism of the rat. This flavin is able to serve as a completely adequate replacement for riboflavin in the metabolism of Wistar (Lambooy, 1961) and Sprague-Dawley rats (Yoon S. Kim et al, 1966) in terms of growth, survival, optimal physical appearance, and efficient utilization of food. Administration of 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin to weanling rats as their only source of flavin permits a normal growth with a concomitant rapid and extensive loss of succinic dehydrogenase activity (SDH) from the liver, heart and kidney to within 24, 48, and 67% of the normal level, respectively, on day 42 following initiation of a 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin diet. This result was essentially identical with that previously reported (Y.S. Kim and Lambooy, 1967). The purpose of the experiments described here is to study whether the decreased SDH activity in the tissue of rats is related to the metabolism of glucose and de novo biosynthesis of lipid from glucose in the liver of rats when D-glucose-$^{14}C$(U) is administered intraperitoneally to the rat maintaining SDH activity from liver, heart and kidney at 24, 48 and 67% of the normal level. This is also to study whether the total triglyceride and the total lipid content in the liver of rats is influenced by the loss of SDH activity in the liver of rats which have received 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin. The present study shows that there was no significant difference in the total amount of $^{14}CO_2$ expired from D-glucose-$^{14}C$(U) through the respiration of rats which had received 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin compared to control rats which received riboflavin, indicating that the matabolic rate of glucose in the tissues of rat receiving 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin is similar to that of the control rats. However, compared to the control level only 50% of $^{14}C$ total lipids were incorporated by de novo biosynthesis from D-glucose-$^{14}C$(U) in the liver of rats receiving 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin but the total content of triglyceride and total lipids in the liver of rats receiving 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin were increased by 29 and 30% over the normal level. This may be due to the increased of lipid transport from the peripheral adipose tissue due to the decreased SDH activity in the liver of rats. 7-Ethyl-8-methyl flavin이 SDH 효소 활성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 Kim and Lambooy (1967)에 의해 보고된 바 있다. 즉 이 flavin 투여후 30일에 쥐 간장에서 SDH 효소 활성은 정상군의 해당조직 효소 활성치를 100%로 할때 23%로 떨어져 100일 까지 계속 20% 내외로 유지하여, 심장에서는 투여 30일에 64% 50일에 43% 100일에서 31% 내외였고, 신장에서는 30일에 72% 50일에 68% 100일에 56% 내외를 유지한다고 보고 하였다. 저자는 본 실험을 시작하기전에 Kim and Lambooy (1967)방법에 따라 쥐에 이 flavin을 투여한 후 42일에 SDH 효소 활성을 측정한바 간장에서 24% 심장에서 48% 신장에서 76%로 떨어졌으나, 그 쥐의 성장, 체중의 증가, 식이 섭취량 및 외모등이 riboflavin 투여군과 동일한 사실을 재확인 하였으며 이런 SDH 효소 활성을 유지하는 쥐에다 D-glucose $^{14}C$ (U)를 마리당 $55{\times}10^5$ dpm 씩 복강내 주입하고 이 쥐를 metabolic cage에 넣어 호흡을 통하여 나오는 총 $^{14}CO_2$의 배설량을 methylcellosolve:ethanolamine 용액 (2:1)에 포착시켜 정량한바 riboflavin 투여군에서는 평균 $257192{\pm}8630\;cpm$/3hrs/gm of body wt. 7-ethhyl-8-methyl flavin 군은 평균 $255426{\pm}1160\;cpm$/3hrs/gm of body wt. 로 두군의 총 $^{14}CO_2$ 배설량은 서로 같았다. 7-Ethyl-8-methyl flavin에 의하여 SDH 활성이 떨어졌음에도 총 $^{14}CO_2$ 배설량에 하등의 변동이 없는 이 두군에서 성장 및 체중증가, 식이 섭취량, 외모 등의 동일성으로 미루어보아 체내에 전체적으로 영향을 주는 대사장애는 없는 것으로 사려되나, 투여한 D-glucose $^{14}C$ (U)로부터 간장내 지방 de novo 생합성은 평균 $13080{\pm}420$ cpm per gm에서 $6595{\pm}400$ cpm per gm 으로 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin 투여군에서 50%나 현저히 감소하였다. 간장지방내 $^{14}C$ 는 모두투여한 $^{14}C$ (U)로부터 합성된 것임으로 이 결과는 간장 조직내에서 SD H 활성 저하가 지방 de novo 생합성과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사해준다. 즉 SD H 활성이 떨어지면 Krebs cycle 저하를 초래하고 이것은 glucose로 부터 지방의 de novo 생합성을 떨어뜨리는 결과로 사려된다. 간장내 총 triglyceride 함량은 정상군에서 평균 $1.93{\pm}0.083gm%$이나 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin 투여군에서는 $2.49{\pm}0.085gm%$로 29%가 증가하였으며 간장내 총지방함량 역시 정상군에서 평균 $4.53{\pm}0.299gm%$인데 비해 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin 투여군에서는 $5.90{\pm}0.157gm%$로 정상군보다 30% 증가하였다. 이상 결과로 미루어 보아 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin 투여로 간장에서 SDH 합성이 24%로 떨어지면 간장내 지방의 de novo 생합성은 50% 감소되나 총 triglyceride 함량은 정상군보다 29%, 총지방함량은 30% 증가하였다. 이는 아마도 체내 SDH 활성저하가 말초 지방조직으로부터 간장조직으로 지방산의 이동을 증가시키는 결과로 사려된다.

고강도 ADI 의 기어부품 개발에 관한 연구

김원용,김광배,강인찬,안상욱 ( Won Yong Kim,Kwang Bae Kim,In Chan Kang,Sang Uk An ) 한국주조공학회 1993 한국주조공학회지 Vol.13 No.2

N/A In this study, it was examined the relationship between the microstructure, fatigue properties, mechanical properties and retained austenite volume of Mo-Ni ADI corresponding to various austempering temperatures. When the austempering temperature is increased to 370℃, aticular bainite structure was found to be transformed to feathery bainite structure. But at the austempering temperature of 420℃, the dissolved bainite lath was shown. Up to the austempering temperature of 370℃, the volume of retained austenite was increased. However at the austempering temperature of 420℃ a large amount of retained austenite was decreased. In this study, the retained austenite volume was determined by XRD(X-ray diffraction). It was observed that the optimum fatigue properties can be obtained at the condition of austempering temperature 370℃. Under the such conditions, fatigue limit determined as the value of 290㎫, tensile strength 877㎫ elongation 6%, hardness 285(BHN), impact values(CVN) 9.2J and retained austenite volume 30.3%, respectively.

Flavin Analogue 가 백서 간장내 포도당 및 지방 대사에 미치는 영향

김원용,황석귀,김윤수 ( Won Yong Kim,Suk Kuy Whang,Yoon Soo Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1978 BMB Reports Vol.11 No.1

Lambooy (1961) has shown that, while several analogues of riboflavin are able to replace the vitamins in the metabolism of some microorganism, 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin is able to serve as the sole flavin in the metabolism of the rat. This flavin is able to serve as a completely adequate replacement for riboflavin in the metabolism of Wistar (Lambooy, 1961) and Sprague-Dawley rats (Yoon S. Kim et al, 1966) in terms of growth, survival, optimal physical appearance, and efficient utilization of food. Administration of 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin to weanling rats as their only source of flavin permits a normal growth with a concomitant rapid and extensive loss of succinic dehydrogenase activity (SDH) from the liver, heart and kidney to within 24, 48, and 67% of the normal level, respectively, on day 42 following initiation of a 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin diet. This result was essentially identical with that previously reported (Y.S. Kim and Lambooy, 1967). The purpose of the experiments described here is to study whether the decreased SDH activity in the tissue of rats is related to the metabolism of glucose and de novo biosynthesis of lipid from glucose in the liver of rats when D-glucose-^(14)C(U) is administered intraperitoneally to the rat maintaining SDH activity from liver, heart and kidney at 24, 48 and 67% of the normal level. This is also to study whether the total triglyceride and the total lipid content in the liver of rats is influenced by the loss of SDH activity in the liver of rats which have received 7-ethyl8-methyl flavin. The present study shows that there wa.s no significant difference in the total amount of ^(14)CO₂ expired from D-glucose-^(14)C(U) through the respiration of rats which had received 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin compared to control rats which received riboflavin, indicating that the metabolic rate of glucose in the tissues of rat receiving 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin is similar to that of the control rats. However, compared to the control level only 50% of ^(14)C total lipids were incorporated by de novo biosynthesis from D-glucose-^(14)C(U) in the liver of rats receiving 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin but the total content of triglyceride and total lipids in the liver of rats receiving 7-ethyl-8-methyl flavin were increased by 29 and 30% over the normal level. This may be due to the increased of lipid transport from the peripheral adipose tissue due to the decreased SDH activity in the liver of rats.