척수손상 흰쥐에서 수영훈련이 운동기능 회복에 미치는 영향

김용억,김경윤,Kim, Young-Eok,Kim, Kyung-Yoon 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that BDNF has a role in plasticity and survival following spinal cord injury and treadmill exercise increases BDNF levels in the normal brain and spinal cord. We attempted to determine whether swimming exercise improve motor function following experimental contusive spinal cord injury and whether motor outcome is associated with BDNF expression. Methods: Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 250 to 300 g) were divided into control (n=18) and experimental swimming group (n=18). Spinal cord injury was produced using NYU-spinal impactor at the eleven thoracic levels in both groups. Swimming exercise started $7^{th}$ day from SCI operation, lasted 5 min per day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks and then exercise times a day were increased in one number to each week. Motor functional recovery was determined by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale, modified inclined board plane test, histological findings, H&E and BDNF expression observed at $1^{th}$, $3^{rd}$, $7^{th}$, $14^{th}$, $21^{st}$ and $28^{th}$day after injury. Results: 1. The BBB scores were higher in experimental group than control group at $14^{th}$, $21^{st}$ day (left hind limb) and at $21^{th}$ day (right hind limb) (p<0.05) after injury. 2. The inclined board plane test were significantly greater in experimental group than control group at $7^{th}$ day (p<0.05), $14^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day (p<0.01) after injury. 3. The BDNF expression was severe revealed in experimental group than control group at $7^{th}$, $14^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day after injury. Conclusion: This study suggests that swimming applied from the early phase after spinal cord injury be beneficial effects in motor functional recovery.

毒蛇咬傷에 對한 臨床的 考察

김용억(Young Eok Kim),최신철(Shin Chull Choi),김천규(Chun Kyu Kim),박천규(Chun Kyu Park) 대한외과학회 1980 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.22 No.11

골다공증 쥐에서 우슬의 농도별 투여에 따른 골대사의 생화학적 마커에 미치는 영향

김은정(Eun Jung Kim),김계엽(Gye Yeop Kim),김용억(Young Eok Kim),장미경(Mee Kyung Jang),김영일(Young Il Kim),김형우(Hyung Woo Kim),정현우(Hyun Woo Chung) 한의병리학회 2007 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.21 No.4

흥분독성 소뇌손상 백서모델에서 운동기술학습이 균형 및 협응력에 미치는 영향

김기도 ( Gi Do Kim ),민경옥 ( Kyung Ok Min ),심재환 ( Jae Hwan Shim ),정재영 ( Jae Young Jeong ),김용억 ( Young Eok Kim ),김경윤 ( Kyung Yoon Kim ),김계엽 ( Gye Yeop Kim ),심기철 ( Ki Cheol Sim ),김은정 ( Eun Jung Kim ),남기원 ( K 대한물리의학회 2010 대한물리의학회지 Vol.5 No.3

Purpose:This study is intended to examine the motor skill learning on balance and coordination in the cerebellar injured rats by 3AP. Methods:This study selected 60 Sprague-Dawley rats of 8 weeks. Experiment groups were divided into four groups and assigned 15 rats to each group. Group Ⅰ was a normal control group(induced by saline); Group Ⅱ was a experimental control group(cerebellar injured by 3AP); Group Ⅲ was a group of motor skill learning after cerebellar injured by 3AP; Group Ⅳ was a group of treadmill exercise after cerebellar injured by 3AP. In each group, motor performance test, histologic observations, synaptophysin expression and electron microscopy observation were analyzed. Results:In motor performance test, the outcome of group Ⅱ was significantly lower than the group Ⅲ, Ⅳ (especially group Ⅲ)(p<.001). In histological finding, the experimental groups were destroy of dendrities and nucleus of cerebellar neurons. Group Ⅲ, Ⅳ were decreased in degeneration of cerebellar neurons(especially group Ⅲ). In immunohistochemistric response of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex, experimental groups were decreased than group Ⅰ. Group Ⅲ`s expression of synaptophysin was more increased than group Ⅱ, Ⅳ. In electron microscopy finding, the experimental groups were degenerated of Purkinje cell. Conclusion:These result suggest that improved motor performance by motor skill learning after harmaline induced is associated with dynamically altered expression of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex and that is related with synaptic plasticity.

운동강도와 지속시간에 따른 트레드밀 운동이 비만 쥐의 심장근 내 항산화에 미치는 영향

김명희,김용억,윤창륙,유지원,안종모,Kim, Myung-Hee,Kim, Young-Eok,Yoon, Chang-Lyuk,Ryu, Ji-Won,Ahn, Jong-Mo 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2013 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.38 No.1

트레드밀 운동이 비만 쥐의 심장근 내 항산화에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 흰쥐에 6주 동안 고지방 식이로 비만을 유발시킨 뒤 운동강도와 적용시간을 달리하여 트레드밀을 3주 동안 적용하였으며, 체중변화, 혈중지질성분, 조직학적 변화, 심장근 내 항산화 효소와 MCP-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) 등의 변화를 연구하였다. 4주령 Sprague Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 32마리를 사용하여 각각 일반사료를 섭취한 정상군 (normal), 비만 대조군 (control), 비만 쥐에게 고강도 분할운동을 적용한 실험군 I(Experimental I), 비만 쥐에게 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II (Experimental II)로 나누었다. 실험 결과 첫째, 체중변화는 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I과 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II는 대조군에 비해 유의한 감소가 있었다 (p<0.001). 특히, 운동을 적용한 1주에서 3주까지 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 혈중지질성분 수치는 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I과 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II는 대조군에 비해 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도 지단백질의 유의한 감소, 고밀도 지단백질에서는 유의한 증가가 있었다 (p<0.001). 셋째, 심장근의 조직학적 소견은 심장근에서 아교질 형성과 평활근 섬유의 정렬 상태와 밀집도, 심장근 세포크기가 중강도 지구력 운동 적용한 실험군 II에서 정상군과 비슷한 형태인 근육들이 잘 밀집해 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한, 섬유아세포, 염증세포들의 침윤 등이 고지방 식이 유발 쥐인 대조군과 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I에서 가장 심하였으며, 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II는 대조군에 비해 섬유아세포, 염증세포들의 침윤 등이 현저히 감소하였다. 넷째, 심장근의 항산화 효소 SOD(superoxide dismutase), CAT(catalase), GPx(glutathione peroxidase) 수치는 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II와 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I에서 모두 유의한 증가가 있었다 (p<0.001). 다섯째, 심장근의 항산화 단백질 MCP-1 발현 수치는 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I과 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II 모두에서 감소가 있었으며 (p<0.01), 특히, 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II에서는 유의한 감소가 있었다 (p<0.001). 따라서, 중강도 지구력 운동은 고지방 식이로 유발된 비만 쥐의 심장근 내 항산화에 영향을 주어 비만 개선과 산화적 스트레스에 의한 심장근육 손상 감소 등에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. The aims of this study was to observed an effect of antioxidative in cardiac muscle of high fat diet induced obesity rat by treadmill exercise with intensity and time. Thirty-two Sprauge-Dawley rats which were divided into four group. Normal, Control(high fat diet induced obesity rat), Experimental I(high intensity intermittent exercise in high fat diet induced obesity rat), Experimental II(moderate intensity endurance exercise in high fat diet induced obesity rat). The results of this study were as follows: 1. In change of body weight, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control. Also, 1 to 3 weeks significantly different compared with pre valu experimental I and II(p<0.001). 2. In change of lipid profile, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control(p<0.001). Difference between experimental I and II is not significantly. 3. In change of antioxidative enzymes(SOD, CAT, GPx) in myocardium, there are significant difference between control and experimental II, and also between control and experimental I(p<0.001). 4. In change of antioxidative protein MCR-1, the outcome of each group significantly difference compared with control(p<0.01). Experimental II was most significantly difference than the other group(p<0.001). The above results suggest that treadmill exercise effectively reduced in fat. It would be considered that moderate intensity endurance exercise has an effects on improved antioxidative enzyme in cardiac muscle of high fat diet induced obesity rat.

신경근 전기자극이 흰쥐 위축근 신경근 연접부의 연접재형성에 미치는 영향

남기원,김용억,Nam, Ki-Won,Kim, Young-Eok 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of NMES for recovery of skeletal muscle. Methods: The normal group consisted of healthy rat without cast immobilization. The control group was breeding at standard cage during 7 days after 2 weeks-cast immobilization on hind limb. The experimental group. I. received NMES application during days after 2 weeks-cast immobilization on hind limb. The effects were measured with NT-3 immunoreactivity in neuromuscular junction by light microscope. Results: Immunoreactivity of NT-3 at the neuromuscular junction was higher appeared experimental groups than control group. Then, There was a little detection in the normal and control group. Conclusion: These therapeutic interventions enhance expression of NT-3 at the neuromuscular junction. Also, NMES is considered to effect on a normal structural formation and NT-3 expression at the neuromuscular junction.

환경강화와 말초신경 전기자극이 뇌손상 백서의 기능회복에 미치는 영향

김사열,김태열,오명화,김용억,장미경,심기철,김계엽,Kim, Sa-Youl,Kim, Tae-Youl,Oh, Myung-Hwa,Kim, Young-Eok,Chang, Mee-Kyung,Sim, Ki-Cheol,Kim, Gye-Yeop 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: To investigate and analyze effects of environmental enrichment(EE) and nerve stimulation that follows in application times with change of functional recovery(1, 3, 7 and 14 days). Methods: Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in 100 Sprauge-Dawley rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). Neurobehavioral assessment were selected, such as tilting plane testing, horizontal wire testing, vestibulomotor function testing and complex neuromotor function test, then they were randomly divided into five groups; Group I : Sham group, Group II: MCAO group, Group III: MCAO and ES group, Group IV: MCAO and EE group, Group V: MCAO and EE and ES group. Results: In neurobehavioral assessment, group V were significantly difference from other groups on between-subject effects. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in focal ishemic brain injury, combined environmental enrichment and peripheral nerve electrical stimulation is more improved that the improvement of exercise function recovery than non treatment group.

흰쥐의 제 2형 콜라겐 유도 관절염에 대한 우슬과 족삼리 전침 자극의 치료 효과

이재춘,오명화,남기원,김용억,유영대,장미경,김계엽,Lee, Jae-Choon,Oh, Myung-Hwa,Nam, Ki-Won,Kim, Young-Eok,Yoo, Young-Dae,Chang, Mee-Kyung,Kim, Gye-Yeop 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: We investigated the effects of the combined therapy in rats with rheumatoid arthritis induced by type II collagen for 28 days, which consisted of the oral administration of the AR and EA applied to zusanli acupoint(ST36). Methods: Normal group was oral administered with 0.9% NaCl $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to normal rats. Control group was oral administered with 0.9% NaCl $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to arthritic rats. Group I was oral administered with AR 500 mg/kg $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to arthritic rats. Group II was given 2 Hz EA of ST36 in the test group for 30 min/day to arthritic rats. Group III was oral administered with AR 500 mg/kg $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ and 2 Hz EA of ST36 in the test group for 30 min/day to arthritic rats. We Observed effect of the histopathological changes by H&E stain of liver, kidney, knee joint and ELSIA of cytokines($TNF-{\alpha}$). Results: 1. The vacuolization of liver tissue was decreased in group I, II, III comparing with control group. 2. The glomerular sclerosis of kidney tissue was decreased in group I, II, III comparing with control group. 3. The erosion of arthritic site of knee joint tissue was decreased group I, II, III comparing with control group. In particular group III was the most effective comparing with group I, II on the histopathological view. 4. In the ELSIA test of $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration, Control group significantly increased in the concentration more than group I, II, III. The rate of increase in concentration slowed down in group III more than group I, II(p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that 500 mg/kg of AR extracts and EA have clear therapeutic effect on the rheumatoid arthritis.

트레드밀 운동이 척수손상 백서의 운동기능 회복에 미치는 효과

천진성,김태열,남기원,김용억,오명화,김경윤,김은정,이재춘,장미경,최현석,허명,김계엽,Chun, Jin-Sung,Kim, Tae-Youl,Nam, Ki-Won,Kim, Young-Eok,Oh, Myung-Hwa,Kim, Kyoung-Yoon,Kim, Eun-Jung,Lee, Jae-Choon,Jang, Mee-Kyung,Choi, Hyun-Seok,Heo, 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on functional recovery after rat with experimental SCI. Methods: SCI was induced by the NYU-spinal cord impactor(NYU, USA) dropped a weight of 10 gm after laminectomy. Experimental groups were divided into the Group I (normal), Group II (control) and Group III(treadmill exercise). After 2 days of the operation, 24 rats(group II, III) were trained to walk on treadmill for 21 days twice/day, 15 min/session. After operation, rats were tested at modified Tarlov scale at 1, 2, 3, 4 days with divided into 2 groups, and Motor behavior test(BBB locomotor rating scale, Grid walking test, Narrow beam crossing test, Modified inclined plane test) was examined at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Histopathological study were performed at 1. 3, 7, 14 and 21 days by H&E, Luxol Fast Blue staining were same times. Results: After SCI an improvement of motor behavior was shown group II, III. The motor behavior test of group Ill showed considerable improvement until 14 days. Conclusion: These results suggest that treadmill exercise treatment can playa role in facilitating recovery of locomotion following spinal cord injury.

Cumberland 발목 불안정성 도구에 의한 안정성과 불안정성 발목의 균형 비교

김기종 ( Ki Jong Kim ),제갈혁 ( Gal Hyuk Je ),전현주 ( Hyun Ju Jun ),최범진 ( Bum Jin Choi ),최현진 ( Hyun Jin Choi ),유성훈 ( Seong Hun Yu ),김용억 ( Young Eok Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2013 대한물리의학회지 Vol.8 No.3

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of balance on Stable Ankle(SA), Instability Ankle(IA) using Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool(CAIT). METHODS: Total 54(SA: 27, IA: 27) subjects were volunteered to participate in the study. SA can be defined CAIT score ≥ 28, with no history of injury to ankle. IA can be defined persisting symptoms of giving way and ≤ 24 on the CAIT after ankle sprain. the balance measured using Biodex Balance System®(BBS). BBS instability protocols used static, dynamic balance level less stable(2), moderate stable(4) and level more stable(8). RESULTS: There were significant differences at overall,Anterior-Posterior(AP), Medial-Lateral(ML) of static balance, dynamic balance level 2, 4. The dynamic balance level 8 found significant difference at ML, but not found significant differences at overall, AP. CONCLUSION: We suggest that CAIT is acquired more exact information for IA intervention, as balance measured.