12세기 고려와 여진·금(金)의 영토 분쟁과 대응

김순자(Kim Soon-ja) 한국역사연구회 2012 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.83

Examined in this article are the territorial disputes that occurred between Goryeo and the Jurchen Jin during the 12th century. Historical records from Goryeo-sa(高麗史) and from Jin-shi(金史) are equally considered, in order to escape from a one-sided interpretation of events in the past. Goryeo had expanded Gimi-ju’hyeon units(for indirect ruling) to the Samsal(Bukchung) area, which was originally the Jurchen people’s district of residence in the 1070s and 1080s. However, as the Wan’yan tribe expanded its power among other Jurchen tribes, it began to clash with the Goryeo government over the governing of Gimi-ju’hyeon units. Two wars broke out between 1104 and 1109. After the wars, Goryeo lost its control on the Gimi-ju’hyeon units, in the process of establishing a boundary agreement with the Wan’yan tribe. After the foundation of its own dynasty, Jin didn’t occupy the Boju area although it could, which was located at the south of the Yalu river and had been the Kitan Liao’s district. However, because Jin’s main target was Sung in China, Jin tried to avoid a territorial dispute with Goryeo. So Goryeo not only recovered Boju but also got approval to the ownership of this land from Jin in 1126. In the Yalu river, there were several islands cultivated by the Goryeo people. In 1165, Jin people moved into several islands under the jurisdiction of Inju and Jeongju areas. This event aroused disputes between Goryeo and Jin, such as the killing of local governors. Trying to avoid further disputes with Jin, the Goryeo government ordered their own people to vacate the islands. Jin also refrained from officially blaming the Goryeo government. In conclusion, Jin’s appeasement policy toward Goryeo strongly influenced the state of affairs in which Goryeo was able to secure and maintain the south areas of the Yalu river as their territory since the 12th century.

Samuel Beckett 의 마지막 무대극 - A piece of Monologue , Ohio Impromptu , what Where - ( Last Plays of Beckett - A Piece of Monologue , Ohio Impromptu , What Where - )

김순자(Soon Ja Kim) 한국드라마학회 1999 드라마 論叢 Vol.- No.13

저염김치의 제조 및 나트륨 저감화 사례

김순자(Soon Ja Kim) 한국식품과학회 2016 식품과학과 산업 Vol.49 No.2

제주의 떡 이름

김순자 ( Soon Ja Kim ) 영주어문학회 2006 영주어문 Vol.12 No.-

아동의 가정환경 변인과 리더쉽간의 관계 분석

김순자(Soon Ja Kim) 한국아동가족복지학회 2001 한국가족복지학 Vol.6 No.2

This study examined the Home Environment effect of child`s Leadership is very important. As predicted Home environment support an well an every family experiences were significant variables in predicting positive environment of young children. It was noteworthy that home environment were activity involved with mother and father, education level and intellectual ability. Social emotional development is significant : introgative control (t=2.78 p=0.007) interaction (t=6.03 p=0.000) The result of this study of child`s leadership is according to Home Environment, parent`s education was most closely related to children`s leadership ability. The amount of variance that explained children`s Leadership ability increased with increase in children`s age.

고려~조선초 한ㆍ중간 영토에 대한 현대 중국학계의 시각

김순자(Kim Soon-ja) 한국역사연구회 2010 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.76

Goryeo dynasty had expanded to the north steadily against China or Liaodung political community just like Jurchen, she had reached the Yalu in 9 93, t he T umen R iver i n 15th century at last. How do chinese historians in China write about this expansion recently? They had begun to study territorial issues during Goryeo dynasty in accordance with China's new conceptions on chinese nation, China's historical successor, it’s minority local race in northeast area. Territorial issues during this period were Goryeo's dominium assertion as the Goguryeo‘s successor, the right of occupation on the south area of the Yalu by Goryeo from 993, nine castle's bounds and Gonghum-jin's location in Jurchen area, belongingness of Jurchen land and the right of Ssangsung-Chongguanbu occupied by Yuan after 1356, etc. They assert that Pohai dynasty's territory was China's own, Goryeo’s expansion to the north was aggression on China. Only when China's dynasty ‘gave’ a certain area to Goryeo like Kitan-Liao did or permitted Goryeo’s occupation, it was lawful. Based on their conceptions, most of them assert Boju was Kitan-Liao’s own land, the area of nine castles the same because Jurchen had lived there. Also they argument Ssangsung-Chongguanbu had to be Ming’s area because it was Yuan’s. They deny Goryeo was the successor of Goguryeo. The notable features of Chinese historians these days are as follows. First, they interprete the past from the point view of today. Second, their interpretation is very Sinocentric. Third, they rarely consider Sinocentric writings in chinese records. The fourth, they think the basis of dominium is from China’s agreement. The last, they strongly deny some records just like succession of Goryeo and Goguryeo.

특집논문 : 제주문화와 제주어 ; 제주도 도서지역어의 생태학적 연구 -우도·비양도·가파도·마라도의 어촌생활어를 대상으로

김순자 ( Soon Ja Kim ) 제주대학교 탐라문화연구소 2013 탐라문화 Vol.0 No.43

이 논문은 우도·비양도·가파도·마라도 등 제주도 안의 4개 도서를 3지점으로 나누어 어촌생활어를 생태학적으로 조사, 연구한 것이다. 조사된 어휘 가운데 바 다동물 관련 35개 어휘와 바다식물 관련 16개 어휘 등 51개 어휘를 포함하여 총 8개 분야 106개 어휘에 대하여, 생태 측정을 위한 설문지가 작성되었다. 설 문 조사는 30·40대, 50대, 70대 이상 등 3세대로 나눠 실시하였다. 30대와 40 대를 묶어서 조사한 것은 조사 지점이 도서지역이어서 30대 인구가 많지 않기 때문이다. 조사 결과, 70대 이상 응답자들은 51개의 해산물 관련 어휘 중 52.9%인 27 개 어휘에서 방언형을 100% 쓰고 있으나, 50대에선 29.4%인 15개 어휘, 30대 에선 11.7%인 6개 어휘만 방언형을 쓰고 있다. 생태 지수가 50% 이하인 어휘 는 70대 이상에서 13.7%인 7개 어휘이고, 50대에서는 5.9%인 3개 어휘, 30·40 대에서는 27.5%인 14개 어휘로 나타났다. ``이해하지 못하거나 모르겠다``는 응답을 보인 어휘는 70대에서 ``듬북`` 외 6개 어휘, 50대에선 ``보제기`` 외 9개 어휘로 나타났다. 30대에서는 ``모르거나 이해하지 못하겠다``고 응답한 어휘가 72.5%인 37개나 되었다. 위의 결과를 보면, 세대가 낮을수록 ``모르겠다``는 응답자가 많아 생태 지수 가 낮은 것으로 드러났다. 더욱이 해당 지역의 30대·40대 인구 비율이 현저히 낮을 뿐만 아니라 이들 세대가 어로 활동과 관련한 일을 하지 않는 것도 언어 사멸 속도를 빠르게 하고 있다. 따라서 사멸되거나 사멸의 길을 걷는 어촌생활 어는 물론 환경 등의 변화로 사라질 위기에 놓인 제주도방언의 체계적인 조사와 연구가 시급한 것으로 드러났다. Vocabularies about ocean creatures (ocean animals and ocean plants) in islets near Jeju Island are searched and systematized ecologically. 4 islets near Jeju Island, U-do, Biyang-do, Gapa-do and Mara-do, are divided into three groups. Vocabularies about sea creatures are searched for this study. After that, 51 words are chosen including 35 words about ocean animals and 16 words about ocean plants. Then the survey form with 106 questions is made from the result. The survey for three age groups is conducted to check ecological index. The age groups are the thirties-forties, the fifties and over seventies. There are not so many people in their thirties in these islets so one groups have to be consisted of the thirties and forties. The result shows younger generation doesn`t understand dialect more and this means their ecological index is low. There are a few young people in their thirties or forties and they usually don`t have fishery jobs so it quickens extinction of the language. That is why we need a methodical approach to extinct or endangered vocabularies about sea creatures and endangered Jeju dialect.

제주도방언의 해조류 관련 어휘1) 연구 -미역, 우뭇가사리, 톳, 모자반을 대상으로

김순자 ( Soon Ja Kim ) 영주어문학회 2015 영주어문 Vol.29 No.-

이 글은 제주의 바다식물 가운데 미역, 우뭇가사리, 톳, 모자반 등 네 개의 해조류 관련 방언 어휘를 현지조사와 문헌조사 자료를 바탕으로 명칭과 종류, 바다 밭,채취 도구, 채취 행위, 운반, 건조 등 6개 분야로 범주화하여 고찰한 논문이다.논의 결과, 제주에서는 지역에 따라 ‘미역’을 ‘미역ㆍ메역ㆍ머역’, ‘우뭇가사리’는 ‘우미ㆍ한천ㆍ천초ㆍ천추’, ‘톳’은 ‘톳ㆍ톨ㆍ톳 물ㆍ톨 물’, ‘모자반’은 ‘.ㆍ.음ㆍ.망ㆍ.짱’으로 분화해 나타난다. 분야별로 보면, 미역의 경우는 서식 환경에 따라 ‘돌메역’, ‘물메역’, ‘줄메역’ 등으로 나뉘고, 종류에 따라서도 ‘우뭇가사리’는 ‘.우미, 개우미, 광추우미, 청우미’, ‘모자반’은 ‘.., 쥐., 노랑., 갑씰., 고직.’ 등으로 다양하게 분화하고 있다. ‘톳’의 경우는 크기와 모양에 따른 명칭으로 어린 톳을 칭하는 ‘봉당톨’이 조사되었다.채취물에 따른 사용 도구 명칭도 달랐다. 잠녀들이 바다 속에 들어가 미역 따위를 채취하는 도구를 ‘메역호미’ 또는 ‘정게호미’라 부르고, 베어놓은 모자반 등을 건질 때는 ‘공젱이’와 ‘갈쿵이’ 등을 사용하였다. 채취 행위 관련 어휘도 바닷물 속에 들어가 미역이나 우뭇가사리를 채취할 때는 ‘.물다’라 하는데, 조간대에서 낫으로 ‘톳’을 벨 때는 ‘비다(베다)’, 조간대에서 손으로 우뭇가사리를 채취할 때는 ‘매다’라고 하였다. 채취 시기와 관련해서는, 미역을 ‘조곽메역’, ‘만곽메역’으로 나눠 부르던 것을 ‘우뭇가사리’에 적용이 옮겨져 처음 채취한 우뭇가사리를 ‘조곽우미’라고 하고 있다. ‘조곽-’은 처음 채취한 고사리에도 적용되어 ‘조곽고사리’처럼 그 의미가 확장되어 사용되고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 이 글은 또 제주 잠녀들의 주 소득원인 해조류 관련 어휘를 체계화하여 어휘의미론적으로 고찰하는 한편 표준어와 비교ㆍ대조해봄으로써 관련 어휘를 새롭게 해석했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. In this study, dialectal vocabulary about four kinds of seaweed in Jeju, sea mustard, agar-agar, sea weed fusiforme, and gulfweed, is classified into six categories . names and kinds, sea farms, collecting tools, ways to collect seaweed, how to transport, and how to dry- according to researches and written sources. Various names are used in Jeju to call the same seaweed according to the regions like ‘mi-yeok, me-yeok, and meo-yeok, for ‘mi-yeok, which means sea mustard’, ‘u-mi, han-cheon, cheon-cho, and cheon-chu’ for ‘u-mut-ga-sa-ri, which means agar-agar’, ‘tot, tol, ton-no-mul, and tol-lo-mul’ for ‘tot, which means sea weed fusiforme’, and ‘mom, mo-eum, mol-mang, and mom-jjang’ for ‘mo-ja-ban, which means gulfweed in English’. There are more examples of the names of seaweed. ‘mi-yeok’ is called ‘dol-me-yeok, mul-me-yeok, and jul-me-yeok’ according to the place to live and ‘u-mut-ga-sa-ri’ is called ‘chom-u-mi, gae-u-mi, gwang-chu-u-mi, and cheong-u-mi’ to refer different kinds of agar-agar. Also ‘mo-ja-ban’ has different names depending on the its kinds like ‘chom-mom, jwi-mom, no-rang-mom, gap-ssil-mom, and go-jing-mom’. Young gulfweed is called ‘bong-dang-tol’. Moreover, different tools are used to collect the various sorts of seaweed and there are a variety of names of these tools. For example, when jam-nyeo, female divers, dive into the sea and collect sea mustard, they use sickles, which is called ‘me-yeok-ho-mi’ or ‘jeong-ge-ho-mi’. When they harvest gulfweed which is already cut, they use ‘gong-jeng-i’’ or ‘gal-kung-i’. The verb forms to describe the way to collect seaweed are also different. When people describe the act of collecting the seaweed like sea mustard or agar-agar in the sea, they use the word, ‘jo-mul-da’. Sickling down sea weed fusiforme in intertidal region is ‘bi-da’ or ‘be-da’ in Jeju dialect, while collecting agar-agar with bare hands in intertidal region is ‘mae-da’. Meaning extension is showed during the research. The different names of sea mustard, ‘jo-gwang-me-yeok’ and ‘man-gwang-me-yeok’, are used to describe the collecting seasons. The word ‘jo-gwak’ describing the first harvest of sea mustard is also used for agar-agar and even for bracken. This study is meaningful by categorizing vocabulary of seaweed which is the main source of income of Jeju female divers, researching its lexical-semantic features, and comparing Jeju dialectal words to standard Korean to newly translate.

제주도방언의 ‘호상옷(수의)’ 관련 어휘 연구

김순자 ( Soon Ja Kim ) 제주대학교 탐라문화연구소 2014 탐라문화 Vol.0 No.47

‘호상옷’은 ‘염습할 때에 송장에 입히는 옷’을 말한다. 표준어 ‘수의(壽衣)’에 대응하는 제주도방언으로, 사람과 지역에 따라 ‘호상’ 또는 ‘저승옷’이라고도 부른다. 이 논문은 사라져가는 제주의 언어 유산을 복원한다는 의미에서, 상례와 관련된 제주도방언의 ‘호상옷(수의)’ 관련 어휘를 종류별 명칭과 부분 명칭, 바느질법 관련 어휘 등으로 나눠 살폈다. 논의 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 제주도방언의 ‘호상옷’은 일상 옷 가운데 가장 갖춰 입었던 ‘혼례’ 때의 옷차림에다가 ‘대렴’ 때 필요한 제구(諸具)인 ‘갖은수의’로 이루어진다. 둘째, ‘호상옷’ 관련 어휘 중 옷가지의 명칭은 한자어보다 고유어 명칭을 많이 사용하고 있다. 반면에 부속물은 예전과 같이 한자어를 사용하는 경우가 많지만 시대가 변하면서 고유어 사용이 늘고 있다. 셋째, 부분 명칭에서는 제주도방언의 특징인 문헌어와 특이 어형을 간직하고 있다. 특히 이들 어휘 가운데는 국어사전에 표제어로 올라 있지 않은 어휘도 있어 새 어휘의 발굴이라는 측면에서도 중요하다 하겠다. 넷째, 바느질법 관련 어휘인 ‘손바농질, 뒷바농질, 뎅침, 동근술’ 등 ‘침선’ 관련 특이 어형을 새롭게 소개했다. 제한된 지면으로 이 논문에서 다루지 못한 ‘호상옷’ 관련 부분은 앞으로의 과제로 남겨둔다. ‘Hosangot’, ‘sueui’ in standard Korean, is a garment or piece of cloth used to wrap a dead body and the terms are different from people and regions like ‘hosang’ or ‘jeoseungot’. In this study, the vocabulary about shroud is divided into some categories such as names, names of the parts of clothes, and how to sew, etc. to restore endangered Jeju dialect. The purpose of this study, moreover, is to Korean-linguistically systematize and analyze the words. Here are the conclusions. First, ‘hosangot’ in Jeju dialect meansthe most formal clothes for wedding ceremony with ritual utensils for shroud. Second, there are more Korean native words for the clothing than sino-Korean words while words for ritual utensils are often sino-korean. However, as time have changed, more Korean native words are used for the ritual utensils. Third, some names of the parts of clothes are from document language and have special word forms, which is the characteristic of Jeju dialect. It is meaningful to find these words as some of them are also especially novel and couldn`t be found in the Korean dictionary. Fourth, there are some interesting new words about sewing such as ‘sonbanongjil, dwitbanongjil, dengchim, donggeunsul’It is shame that more words for a shroud, taboos and sayings could not be listed because of the limited pages. It is for the next study.

한국 김치산업의 수출경쟁력 및 수출강화에 관한 연구

김순자 ( Soon Ja Kim ),홍진영 ( Jin Young Hong ),배기형 ( Ki Hyung Bae ) 한국유통경영학회(구 한국유통정보학회) 2016 유통정보학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Purpose: Kimchi is a famous commodity of Korea. But now it is imported from China by large quantities. It is necessary to strengthening the export competitiveness of Korean kimchi on global markets. This paper deals with a export competitiveness of Korean Kimchi and export reinforcement strategies. Global market including Korean and Chinese distribution companies. The competitiveness of Kimchi industry in major country and world market are investigated and discussed in this paper. Research design, data, and methodology: From the perspective of export competitiveness, we calculated Trade Specification Index and Revealed Comparative Advantage Index based on UN Comtrade data. Results: The result of our analysis clearly shows that export competitiveness of Korean Kimchi reducing continually. And we also found that China become strong position in Korean and Japan market. Conclusions: Our results have important implications for strategy in Korean Kimchi industry to maximize export competitiveness. Using by SWOT analysis, we have suggest some strategies for export reinforcement. Increased confidence in the products with Korean kimchi material, relaxation of the SPS regulations, research on various recipes, product lines, design and packaging development for the global market will increase the competitiveness of Kimchi. Therefore Export prospects of kimchi are bright for neighboring countries, including China.