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Bis(N-Methylphenazinium) Bis(Oxalato)Palladate(Ⅱ)의 결정구조
김세환,남궁해,이현미,Kim, Se Hwan,NamGung, Hae,Lee, Hyeon Mi 대한화학회 1994 대한화학회지 Vol.38 No.11
(N-methylphenazinium) bis(oxalato)palladate(II)$((C_{13}H_{11}N_2)_2[Pd(C_2O_4)_2])$의 착이온 및 결정의 구조는 X-선 회절법으로 연구하였다. 이 결정은 사방정계이고 공간군은 P1 (군번호 = 2)이다. 단위세포 길이는 a = 7.616(8), b = 9.842(3), c = $20.335(7)\AA$, $\alpha$ = 103.53(3), $\beta$ = 90.00(5), $\gamma$ = $112.38(5)^{\circ}이며$, $V = 1363(2){\AA}^3,\;F_w = 672.93,\;D_c = 1.639\;gcm^{-3},\;F(000) = 680.0,\;{\mu} = 7.3\;cm^{-1},\;Z = 2$이다. 회절반점들의 세기는 흑연 단색화 장치가 있는 자동 4축 회절기로 얻었으며 $Mo-K\alpha$ X - 선(${\lambda}$= 0.7107 $\AA)$을 사용하였다. 구조분석은 중금속법으로 풀었으며, 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였고, 최종 신뢰도 값들은 3120개의 회절반점에 대하여 $R = 0.069,\;R_w = 0.050,\;R_{all} = 0.069$ 및 S = 5.45였다. 착이온들은 근본적인 평면구조로써, 이들의 충진구조는 착음이온들을 두개의 양이온들이 거의 평행하게 둘러싸고 있는 삼중체들을 형성하고 있다. 양이온과 음이온들의 이면각들이 각각 6.3(6)과 $57.06(6)^{\circ}$인 삼중체들이 b축을 따라서 배열되어 있으나, 삼중체면의 배향은 두 가지 착음이온의 이면각이 $59.08(9)^{\circ}$을 이루는 방향이다. 삼중체내의 면간거리는 각각 3.328와 3.463 $\AA$이었다. The crystal structure of bis(N-methylphenazinium) bis(oxalato)palladate(II) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: ((C_{13}H_{11}N_2)_2[Pd(C_2O_4)_2]) $M_w$ = 672.93, Triclinic, Space Group P1 (No = 2), a = 7.616(8), b = 9.842(3), c = $20.335(7)\AA$, $\alpha$ = 103.53(3), $\beta$ = 90.00(5), $\gamma$ = $112.38(5)^{\circ}$, Z = 2, $V = 1363(2){\AA}^3\;D_c = 1.639\;gcm^{-3},\;{\mu} = 7.3\;cm^{-1},\;F(000) = 680.0$. The intensity data were collected with $Mo-K\alpha$ radiation (${\lambda}$= 0.7107\;\AA)$ on an automatic four-circle diffractometer with a graphite monochromater. The structure was solved by Patterson method and refined by full matrix least-square methods using Killean & Lawrence weights. The final R and S values were $R = 0.069,\;R_w = 0.050,\;R_{all} = 0.069$ and S = 5.45 for 3120 observed reflections. Both cation and anion complexes are essentially planar and have dihedral angles of 6.3(6) and $57.06(6)^{\circ}$ between their planes. The planar complex anions are sandwiched between slightly bent cations. The interplanar separations of two triads are 3.328 and 3.463 $\AA$, respectively. The triads are stacked along b-axis, but their orientations are different based on dihedral angle $59.08(9)^{\circ}$ of two complex anions.
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김세환,김남,권오욱,Kim Se-Hwan,Kim Nam,Kwon Oh-Wook 대한음성학회 2005 말소리 Vol.56 No.-
This paper analyzes the vocal tract area estimation algorithm used as a part of a speech analysis program to help deaf children correct their pronunciations by comparing their vocal tract shape with normal children's. Assuming that a vocal tract is a concatenation of cylinder tubes with a different cross section, we compute the relative vocal tract area of each tube using the reflection coefficients obtained from linear predictive coding. Then, we obtain the absolute vocal tract area by computing the height of lip opening with a formula modified for children's speech. Using the speech data for five Korean vowels (/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/), we investigate the effects of the sampling frequency, frame size, and model order on the estimated vocal tract shape. We compare the vocal tract shapes obtained from deaf and normal children's speech.
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$[Ni(C_2N_2H_8)_3]\cdotCrO_4$의 결정구조
김세환,김승빈,남궁해,Kim, Se-Hwan,Kim, Seung-Bin,Nam, Gung-Hae 한국결정학회 1995 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.6 No.2
The crystal structure of Tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II)Chromate has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data : a=9.027(2)Å, c=9.751(5)Å이며, Z=2, V=687.9(2)Å3, Dc=1.714gcm-3, μ=21.635-1. The intensity were collected with Mo-Kα radiation (λ=0.7107Å) on an automatic four-circle diffractometer with a graphite monochromator. The structure was solved by Patterson method and refined by full matrix least-square methods using unit weights. The final R and S values were R=0.029, Rw=032, Rall=0.049 andS=0.018 for 342 observed reflections. The chromate ions are located at position of point of point symmetry 32 and their oxygens are sixfold disodered in an unusual way. Extensive strong hydrogen bonds between complex cations and chromatic anions are found in axial and equatorial directions.
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김세환,이성,Kim, Se-Hwan,Lee, Sung 한국교육녹색환경연구원 2004 교육·녹색환경연구 Vol.4 No.4
The thermal effect of a transparent insulated opake wall with solar energy was investigated theoretically. The heat gain through transparent insulated opake wall was studied for relative simple conditions. The stationary heat transport effect was studied for layer which is built on the opake wall. This study shows that a relative low solar radiation intensity causes a great heat reduction through the transparent insulated opake wall. Because the transparent insulation layer is mostly transparent to solar radiation, it is opaque to heat radiation.
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$[Ni(C_2N_2H_8)_3]\cdotCr_2O_7$의 결정구조
김세환,김승빈,남궁해,Kim, Se-Hwan,Kim, Seung-Bin,Nam, Gung-Hae 한국결정학회 1996 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.7 No.1
Tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II)Dichromate [Ni(C2N2H8)3]·Cr2O7착화합물 및 결정의 구조를 X-선 회절법으로 연구하였다. 이 결정은 단사정계이고, 공간군은 P21/b(군번호=14)이다. 단위세포길이는 a=8.268(2), b=13.865(2), c=14.921(2)Å, γ=102.04(2)°, V=1672.9(5)Å3, Z=4, Dc=1.806 gcm-3, μ=24.05 cm-0.1이다. 회절반점들의 세기는 흑연 단색화 장치가 있는 자동4축 회절기로 얻었으며 Mo-Kα X-선(λ=0.7107Å)을 사용하였다. 구조분석은 중원자법으로 풀었으며, 최소자승법으로 정밀화 하였을 때, 최종 신뢰도 값들은 2248개의 회절반점에 대하여 R=0.045, Rw=0.051, Rall=0.059 및 S=2.171이었다. 니켈 착이온 가운데 하나의 에칠렌디아민 고리중에서 두 개의 탄소원자가 무질서하게 상호교차하는 네 개의 원자로 나타났다. 무질서한 에칠렌디아민의 두가지 고리구조들의 α- 과 β- 각들이나 수소결합들을 고려하였을 때 Ni-착이온의 입체구조는 Λδδδ-와 Λδδλ- 구조들의 무질서배열로 보아진다. The crystal structure Tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II)Dichromate has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: a=8.268(2), b=13.865(2), c=14.921(2)Å, γ=102.04(2)°, V=1672.9(5)Å3, Z=4, Monocline, P21/b (space group No.=14), Dcalc=1.806 gcm-3, μ=24.05 cm-0.1. The intensity data were collected with Mo-Kα radiation(λ=0.7107Å) on an automatic four-circle diffractometer with a graphite monochromator. The structure was solved by Patterson method and refined by full matrix least-square methods using unit weights. The final R and S values were R=0.045, Rw=0.051, Rall=0.059 and S=2.171for 2248 observed reflections. The two carbon atoms of a ring of Ni(en)-ion were split into crossed four atoms. In consideration of α- and β-angles of two rings of a disordered ethylenediamine of Nien3-ion and the hydrogen bonds between Ni(en)3-cation and Cr2O7-anion, the configuration of Ni(en)3-ion is assumed to be disordered with Λδδδ and Λδδλ.
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김세환 ( Se Hwan Kim ) 영남중국어문학회 1985 중국어문학 Vol.9 No.1
在《莊子》書中有兩個不同層次上的槪念, 卽是「物」與「道」的槪念. 這兩個不同的槪念形成兩個不同的世界 : 「物」的世界和「道」的世界. 「物」的世界就是我們日常生活中的世界, 從「物」的觀點來看. 一切萬物都受着「時空」的局限, 隨着「時空」而起變化, 沒有一定的客觀眞實存在, 這也就是고我們感官作用而産生的經驗世界中矛盾的世界. 我們若擺悅這種「物」的觀點 而從「道」的觀點來看萬物, 則一切物象沒有主客對立的分別性, 在主體的認識活動之中一切萬物都可在作用層次上歸到「道通爲一」的境界形態. 這是「道」的世界, 就是包容萬物的大美形態的世界, 也就是《莊子》所建立的最高境界. 這篇論文主要從這種「道」的觀念來看, 《莊子》在藝術上有如何的成就, 「道」與美的追求之間有何種關係的問題. 論文共分五章, 如下. 第一章 序論 : 《莊子》書中的語言竝不是透過邏輯結構而形成的, 而其外表常不近情理, 荒謬且矛盾. 不過經過細心的思考及看完全篇之後, 可以조出微妙的眞實性存在. 這因爲是其所針對的目標在於藝術上的關係. 第二章 「道」與「物」之觀念 : 《莊子》所表現的兩層不同的觀念, 卽是「道」與「物」, 之觀念. 「物」之觀念是常在實用的觀點或實有的觀點來看萬物, 而造成主客對立的現象. 但從「道」之觀念來論, 在我們的經驗世界中的那些槪念一大小, 長短, 惑喜怒哀樂一都沒有客觀的眞實性. 第三章 「這通爲一」與美的觀照 : 《莊子》如何조到絶對眞實的世界? 這是《莊子》用何種觀念來脫離「物」之觀念的矛盾的問題, 「物」之世界就是「有爲世界」·「人爲世界」, 這些都是帶着實用目的的世界, 但在「道」之世界當中, 認識主體抛開實際的目的, 而不受時空的局限. 這就是說「超然物表」, 而「脫盡人間烟火氣」境界的美的觀照. 第四章「道」與美的經驗 : 所謂「形爲物役」. 「凝滯於物」都是說把事物的利害看得太切身, 而造成「物」之世界的封閉性. 從「道」的觀點來看, 認識主體與對象之間保持一定的距離, 帶着美的態度, 不凝於物表, 而看內面的絶對的眞實. 換句話說, 在「道」之世界裏的意識活動, 就是美的經驗的世界的活動, 也就是《莊子》追求的最高目標. 第五章 結論 : 《莊子》追求的 「道」否定一切的人爲·有爲·有用的觀念, 認識主客之間有心理的距離, 在「道」之世界裏, 天地成爲一種大美, 個人不拘於實際上的時空的局限, 而享受得到「眞意」的境界.
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