제초제 Paraquat의 NAD(H) 산화환원에 대한 영향

김미림,최경호,Kim Mi-Lim,Choi Kyung-Ho 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of herbicide paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridilium dichloride) on the electron transport system of the cell. When actively growing cells of bacteria were exposed to the 1.0 mM paraquat, more than $50\%$ of the cells were killed at 0 hour. But specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were not changed at 0 hour of paraquat treatment. Oxido-reductions of NAD (H) by the suspension of bacterial membtane, rat mithochondria and NAD-dependent dehydrogenase were accelerated by paraquat treatment. 생체세포에 대한 paraquat의 독작용은 superoxide dismutase 활성저해에 기인하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 세균이 paraquat에 매우 짧은 시간동안의 노출에 의하여서도 독작용을 받을 수 있는 것으로 검토됨에 따라 paraquat의 독작용의 하나로서 전자전달에 미치는 영향 중 NAD(H)의 산화 및 환원반응에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 공시균의 원형질막 획분, rat mitocondria분산액 및 NAD-dependent dehydrogenase에 의한 산화 및 환원시 paraquat 첨가구에서 반응 Graph의 경사도가 더 컸으며, 반응 개시점 및 종결점이 대조구에 비해 낮은 결과로 반응이 가속화되는 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 반응을 경시적으로 NAD(H)의 함량변화로 검토한 결과에서도 원형질 막 획분과 rat mitocondria 분산액을 이용한 경우에 10분간의 NADH산화량이 대조구는 각각 960 mM, 1,187 mM이었으나 Paraquat 처리구는 각각 1,200 mM, 1,434 mM로 Paraquat 처리구가 반응 가속화 경향을 보였다. NAD(H) dependent dehydrogenase에 의한 NAD(H)의 산화 및 환원 반응에서도 대조구에 비하여 Paraquat 처리구가 초기반응의 가속화 및 총산화량의 증가를 보였다.

제초제 Paraquat의 전자수용 및 방출에 대한 영향

김미림,최경호,Kim Mi-Lim,Choi Kyung-Ho 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Pparaquat의 전자수용 및 방출에 대한 작용을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. Rat mitocondria분산액에 paraquat를 첨가하였을 때 반응액이 청색으로 변색되었으며 Aluminium 박 또는 동전극을 장치한 photo cell중에서 paraquat에 전류를 통한 경우에도 음극에서부터 청색으로 변색되기 시작하여 660 nm에서 높은 홉광도를 나타내었다. 이 착색반응은 반응액에 산소를 첨가함으로서 탈색되었다. Paraquat에 $H^+$을 첨가하고 전류를 통한 결과 340 nm에서의 홉광도가 증가되었으며 경시적인 흡광도 증가의 모양은 $NAD^+$에 전류를 통한 경우와 거의 일치하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 paraquat가 전자를 수용 또는 방출할 수 있음이 확인되었고 이러한 paraquat의 작용이 생체내에 이화작용에서 생성되는 전자를 포획하고 산소에 직접 넘겨줌으로써 cytochrome 호흡쇄로의 단계별 전자전달계가 차단되어 급성독성을 일으키는 요인으로 추정된다. When paraquat was added to the bacterial membrane or mitochondrial suspension, the mixture turned dark blue, but the color was disappeared by aeration. The same phenomenon was seen when electrons were supplied to the paraquat. Blue color appeared from near the cathode, and then spreaded to whole transit system. Coloration was accelerated by addition of alkali, but the color was reduced by addition of acid or oxygen. Paraquat exhibited absorption at ultraviolet region by electron transfer at the concentrations as low as 1.0 mM which did not exert difficulty in showing color reaction. Paraquat caused the increase of the optical density at 340 nm by electron transit, and an aspect of that had a strong resemblance to NADH. The acute toxic action of paraquat seemes to depend on inhibition of energy metabolism cased by paraquat action of electron donor and acceptor.

연구논문 : 향신료 분말의 Escherichia coli 와 Staphylococcus aureus 에 대한 항균작용

김미림(Mi Lim Kim),최경호(Kyun Gho Choi),박찬성(Chan Sung Park) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2000 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.7 No.1

산후 갑상선염 진단을 받은 산후신통(産後身痛) 환자 치험 1례

김미림 ( Mi Rim Kim ),김윤상 ( Yoon Sang Kim ),임은미 ( Eun Mee Lim ) 대한한방부인과학회 2012 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: Postpartum thyroiditis patient`s symptoms are very similar to symptoms of postpartum disease which can be called sanhupung. This study is to report the effect of herbal medicine on sanhupung patient diagnosed of postpartum thyroiditis. Methods: We treated a 32-year-old female patient who had symptoms of postpartum thyroiditis and sanhupung with Jaeumganghwa-tang and Jayumkeonbi -tang. Results: After herbal medicine treatment the symptoms of postpartum thyroiditis such as general weakness, hot flush on the palms and soles of the feet, fever pattern of malaria and symptoms of sanhupung such as arthralgia, depression, imsomnia, sweating were improved. Conclusions: This case report shows that herbal medicine can be used to treat patient with postpartum thyroiditis and Jaeumganghwa-tang, Jayumkeonbi-tang is effective for mitigating the symptoms of postpartum thyroiditis. However, patient is still in thyroxine treatment, and additional care is required.

『동의보감(東醫寶鑑)』의 생명관에 대한 생태철학적 고찰

김미림(Kim, Mi-Lim) 한국외국어대학교 철학문화연구소 2007 철학과 문화 Vol.14 No.-

전지구적 생태위기를 느끼고 있는 오늘날의 현대인들에게 ‘환경’과 ‘생명’의 문제는 초미의 관심사가 아닐 수 없다. 이에 본 논문에서는『동의보감』을 통해서 ‘생명’과 ‘양생’에 대한 철학적 고찰을 하고자 한다. 또한『동의보감』의 양생관을 오늘날의 환경윤리 관점에서 재조명해보고자 한다. 심신일여(心身一如)의 생명관을 가지고 있는『동의보감』은 오늘날의 예방의학 차원에서 우리에게 올바른 양생관을 제시해줄 수 있는 고전이다. 아울러 지구의 환경이 날로 악화되는 현실 속에서 환경보존을 잘 하는 것이 인간에게 있어서의 올바른 양생에도 지대한 영향을 미친다는 사실을『동의보감』 을 통해서 고찰해 보고자 한다. 만약 현재의 상황과 같이 자연 자체의 복원능력에 비해 환경이 더 심하게 파괴되는 현상이 지속된다면 자연의 생명 에너지 흐름이 단절되는 생태학적 위기3)가고조될 수 밖에 없을 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는『동의보감』의 생명관을 기철학적 관점에서 살펴보고자 하며 이러한『동의보감』의 생명관에 바탕을 둔 양생관 ― 궁극적으로 도와 하나가된 진인의 모습을 최고경지로 제시하고 있는 ― 을 오늘날 서구에서의 환경윤리인 심층생태론과 비교할 것이다. 요약하자면『동의보감』의 양생관을 오늘날의 생태철학 관점에서 재조명함으로써 ‘도와 기의 환경윤리’로써 재해석될 수 있음을 밝히고자 하며 이러한『동의보감』의 양생관이 오늘날 현대인들의 양생에 유의미(有意味)함을 드러내고자 한다. Nowadays we live at the time of ecological crisis. The very fact of the breakdown of the environment points to a lack of understanding of the relationship between various forms of life and man's environment. So the ecological crisis leads us to found the environmental philosophy and causes us to pay attention to health-care. It was not until recently that modern medical and health - care researchers became aware of the limitations of atomistic approach. As part of nature, man has to cultivate the internal link in him between himself and nature(the Tao) for his own growth and well-being. In this point of view, we can get the answer through the korean traditional medicine book, Donguibogam『東醫寶鑑』. This paper suggest that how to live at this ecological critical time through Donguibogam『東醫寶鑑』 for our well-being. As man is part of the Tao, it is only when he losses the sense of the Tao and respect for the Tao in his life that he becomes alienated from the Tao and his activities become a means of self- alienation that will inevitably result in loss of the true identify by way of self-distruction. In this case Donguibogam『東醫寶鑑』 explains to us that it causes diseases and the best way for our growth and well-being is the integratted life of human beings with nature(the Tao). In this point of view it needs for us to have another consideration with regard to the importance of the Tao as the ch'i . That is to say whereas the Tao focuses on reality as a passage of dynamic processes, the ch'i focuses on reality as a presence of material stuff that leads to an actualization of things and the concretization of events. It is only on this basis of understanding that we are capable of formulating an ethics of environment. The goal of an ethics of environment is to understand how human beings should realte to environment by means of a true understanding of environment. In Donguibogam『東醫寶鑑』 life is explicated as Jeong(精)․ Ch'i(氣)․ Sin(神) theory. Also I will compare the view of life in Donguibogam『東醫寶鑑』with the environmental theory-'deep Ecology'. Conclusively speaking, the view of well-being in Donguibogam『東醫寶鑑』can be retranslated as environmental ethics of Tao and the Ch'i

제초제 Paraquat 의 미생물 생육저해 작용

김미림(Mi Lim Kim),박찬성(Chan Sung Park),최경호(Kyoung Ho Choi) 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the toxic action of herbicide, paraquat(1,1`-dimethyl-4,4`-bipyridyliumdichloride), against microorganisms. The toxic effect of paraquat was observed mainly using Escherichia coli(KCTC 1039), as follows; Growth of aerobic microorganisms which comprise 4 strains of bacteria and 2 strains of yeast and 4 strains of mold was inhibited drastically in the presence of 1.0 mM paraquat. But the growth of anaerobic bacteria was not affected by the chemical. When actively growing cells of E. coli were exposed to the paraquat at the concentration higher than 1.0 mM, they rapidly lost their ability to form colony and clearly formed inhibitory zone by well test. More than 50% of the cells were killed by 1.0 mM paraquat treatment, even at immediate addition of paraquat to the medium.

Paraquat에 의한 Escherichia coli의 Superoxide Dismutase 활성저해

김미림(Mi-Lim Kim),최경호(Kyoung-Ho Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 1994 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.23 No.5

공시균 (E. coli, KCTC 1039) 배양액에 1.0mM의 paraquat를 가하고 진탕배양 함으로서 공시균의 증식이 현저히 저해되었으며 SOD활성도 급속히 감소되었다. 그러나 paraquat 처리 후 정치배양한 경우에는 배양 8시간까지 공시균이 서서히 증식하였으며 SOD도 대조구의 80% 이상의 활성을 유지하였다. 한편, 초음파 파쇄한 세균의 원형질과 원형질막으로 부터 분리한 단백질을 Sephacryl로 column chromatography한 결과 SOD의 활성 peak와 sodium dithionite로 발색시킨 paraquat의 peak가 일치하였다. 이상의 경과로 부터 공시균에 대한 paraquat의 독작용은 산소의 존재에 의존하고 있으며, paraquat가 SOD와 복합체를 형성하여 SOD활성은 저해할 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다. Actively growing Escherichia coli (KCTC 1039) cells were treated with paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridilium dichloride) by cultivating them in the presence of 1.0mM paraquat. The treatment was carried out with or without shaking to understand the effect of oxygen on paraquat action to the bacterial superoxide dismutase (SOD). By the treatment with vigorous shaking, population growth of the organism almostly stopped and specific activities of SOD of the cells drastically decreased. On contrast to it, the herbicide showed only a limited inhibitory action on bacterial growth and SOD activity by stationary treatment. Proteins prepared from paraquat-treated cells divided into two peaks by Sephacryl column chromatography, while proteins from the intact cells formed a single peak. Cytoplasmic proteins and plasma membrane proteins of intact cells formed separated three peaks by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography, respectively. Among them, the second peak disappeared by paraquat treatment, while the third peak became more apparent. Fractions from the first and the third peak showed SOD activity. Paraquat was detected from the same fractions.

연구논문 : 반응표면분석법을 이용한 감초분말 첨가 된장의 관능적 특성

김미림 ( Mi Lim Kim ),박은정 ( Eun Jung Park ),정지숙 ( Ji Suk Jeong ) 한국식품조리과학회(구.한국조리과학회) 2010 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

모바일 디바이스와 일본의 만화산업

김미림 ( Mi Lim Kim ) 가톨릭대학교 콘텐츠산업과 문화정책연구소 2011 디지털콘텐츠와 문화정책 Vol.5 No.-

『동의보감』양생관의 생태철학적 의의

김미림(Kim, Mi-Lim) 한국외국어대학교 철학문화연구소 2009 철학과 문화 Vol.18 No.-

Nowadays we live at the time of ecological crisis. The very fact of the breakdown of the environment points to a lack of understanding of the relationship between various forms of life and man's environment. In this respect, the ecological crisis leads us to found the environmental philosophy and causes us to pay attention to health-care. It was not until recently that modern medical and health-care researchers became aware of the limitations of the atomistic approach. As part of nature, man has to cultivate the internal link in him between himself and nature(the Tao) for his own growth and well-being. In this point of view, we can get the answer through the Korean traditional medical book, Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』). I compared the View of Nursing Life (養生觀) in the Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) with the western environmental theory-‘deep Ecology’. The normative characters of deep Ecology are‘Self-realization’ and ‘bio-egalitarianism.’ In Self-realization , the individual identifies with nature on a wider and wider scale, until the whole nature is encompassed in this identification. Essentially the whole nature becomes one with the widened Self, a concept that is comparable to the unity of tao. Deep ecology seeks to close the chasm between humans and nature by returning humanity to balanced coexistence with the natural world. Authors such as Sylvan, Bennett, and Nases propose that Taoist concepts such tao and ch'i help bridge the gap with an attitude of spiritual relatedness. In this point of view, we can investigate the View of Nursing Life (養生觀) in the Donguibogam (『東醫寶鑑』). The View of Nursing Life (養生觀) in the Donguibogam (『東醫寶鑑』) is that man has to naturalize man, treating nature as same as himself and as a member within the family of the Tao. The Tao is totality as well as parts of the totality pervading everything beyond our perception, so that we should not ignore what is hidden in our understanding of environment. The essence of the Tao is in "doing-something-on-its-own-acord (自然) or natural spontaneity. The Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) says that man has to follow the Tao for his own growth and well-being. The goal of a nursing life (養生) in the the Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) is to be ‘a true man (眞人)’. The environment is generally conceived as something not static but dynamic, something not simply visible but invisible. In this sense, we can speak of the Tao as the true environment of man. As man is part of the Tao, it is only when he loses the sense of the Tao and respect for the Tao in his life that he becomes alienated from the Tao and his activities become a means of self- alienation that will inevitably result in the loss of the true identity by way of self-distruction. In this case the Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) explains to us that it causes diseases and the best way for our growth and nursing life is to attain the integrated life of human beings with nature (the Tao). In this aspect, we need to have another consideration with regard to the importance of the Tao as the Ch'i . That is to say, the Tao focuses on reality as a passage of dynamic processes, whereas the Ch'i focuses on reality as a presence of material stuff that leads to actualization of things and the concretization of events. Only on this basis of understanding we are capable of for mulating an ethic of environment. The goal of an ethic of environment is to understand how human beings should relate environment to a true understanding of environment. In conclusion, The View of Nursing Life (養生觀) in the Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) can be translated as an Environmental Ethic of the Tao and the Ch'i. And also it can be translated as a metaphysics of deep ecology as well as a proposal for the method of 'Self-realization' through abdominal breathing and cultivation of one's mind. 본 논문은 도가·도교 사상에 바탕을 두고 있는『동의보감』의 양생관에 관한 고찰을 통해 우리들이 당면한 생태위기 문제의 해결방안을 모색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 부언하자면 환경에 관한 우리의 인식을 새롭게 함으로써 그 해결책을 찾아보고자 하는 것이다. 『동의보감』은 우리에게 도에 바탕을 두어야 마음이 올바르게 다스려지며 마음을 잘 다스림으로써 병을 예방할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 즉 양생의 요체는 도와 하나가 된 진인이 되어야 한다는 것이며 이를 위해서 내단 수련을 통한 심신의 수양이 필요하다는 것이다. 논자는 우리의 환경이 도와 기로 되어있다는 인식을 통해서 자연화경을 파괴하는 것이 곧 도와 기로 구성되어 있는 환경을 파괴하는 것이 되고 이것은 또한 도와 기로 구성되어 있는 우리의 몸을 파괴하는 것이 된다는 것을 나타내고자 한다. 그럼으로써 도와 하나가 되고자 하는 『동의보감』의 양생관이 곧 도와 기의 환경윤리로서 해석될 수 있으며, 이를 서양의 환경윤리인 근본 생태론과의 비교를 통해 근본 생태론의 형이상학적 근거를 제시해주는 생태철학으로 재조명될 수 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 아울러 근본 생태론에서 표방하고 있는 것은‘큰 자아실현’인데, 이것을 위한 구체적인 방법을 제시하고 있지 않은데 비해 『동의보감』에서는 이에 대한 방법론을 제시하고 있음을 보여주고자 한다.