Urokinase Conjugated with Water-Soluble Dextran

김남득,김현표,변시명,김성완,Kim Nam Deuk,Kim Hyun-Pyo,Byun Si Myung,Kim Sung Wan Korean Chemical Society 1985 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.6 No.4

Urokinase, a plasminogen activator, was conjugated with dextran by the cyanogen bromide activation-coupling method. The resulting water-soluble conjugate was purified by gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The maximal activity was obtained when the ratio of urokinase/dextran was 1/20 for the coupling. The final preparation showed 5 CTA units/mg conjugate, 300 CTA units/mg protein, 8.4 % activity retention, and 47 % protein retention. The urokinase-dextran conjugate had good thermal, pH and storage stabilities. In addition, it showed greater resistance to the inhibitory effect of human plasma than native urokinase. Also in vitro biological half-life of urokinase increased 40 times by this conjugation. In view of activity, excellent stability and increased half-life, the conjugate can be a potential fibrinolytic agent in an injectable form.

흡연과 암

김남득,전성실,Kim, Nam-Deuk,Jeon, Seong-Sill 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 1998 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.18 No.1

By far, the largest known preventable cause of cancer is cigarette smoking. The percentage of cancer deaths in Korea due to tobacco is still increasing. Smoking cigarette at an early age has become more common among women. Tobacco consumption is related causally to cancer to the lung, mouth, larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney, uterine cervix, and pancreas. Recently, several studies demonstrated that there is very strong correlation between cigarette smoking and p53 mutations in lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and bladder cancer. The recent findings of cigarette smoking and cancer, p53 and bcl-2 mutations, adverse effects of smoking on the effects of radiotherapy, and benefits of quitting will be discussed.

줄기세포 연구의 최신 동향에 대한 성경적 조망

김남득(Nam Deuk Kim) 창조론오픈포럼 2010 창조론오픈포럼 Vol.4 No.2

한때 영화 슈퍼맨의 주인공이기도 했던 크리스토프 리브가 1995년 말을 따다 넘어져 사지마비가 되었다. 그 후 온갖 치료법을 시도하였지만 치료가 되지 않던 중 배아줄기세포 연구에 고무되어 배아줄기세포 연구를 통한 사지마비의 완치를 꿈꾸다가 52세가 되던 2004년 10월 10일 세상을 떠났다. 하지만 아직도 전 세계 수많은 치매, 파킨슨병, 당뇨병, 심장병, 척수손상 등을 앓고 있는 환자들은 줄기세포 연구를 통해 저들의 병이 완치되기를 꿈꾸고 있다. 그러나 이러한 기대에도 불구하고 줄기세포 연구는 윤리적 정치적 문제가 항상 제기되어 왔다. 본 글에서는 근래의 줄기세포 연구의 최근 동향에 대한 분석과 전망을 논하고자 한다. Several years ago, Mr. Christopher D"Olier Reeve, an American actor, who played in many movies including a number as Superman, became a quadriplegic after being thrown from his horse. He lobbied on behalf of people with spinal cord injuries, and for human embryonic stem cell research afterward. He died at 52 on October 10, 2004, from cardiac arrest caused by a systemic infection. However, there are so many people who are suffering with dementia, Parkinson"s disease, diabetes mellitus, damaged heart muscle, paralyzing spinal-cord injury have dreams to be cured by tissue engineering based on stem cell research. Despite the tremendous accomplishment in stem cell research, embryonic stem cell research is fraught with ethical and political controversies because of the source of these cells. I will review the recent findings in stem cell research and discuss this matter with a Christian perspective.

문화교육 발전 논고

김남득(Nam Deuk Kim) 한국문화학회 1999 문화연구 Vol.3 No.-

진화 중인 인류기원론에 대한 성경적 조망

김남득(Nam Deuk Kim) 창조론오픈포럼 2010 창조론오픈포럼 Vol.4 No.2

현생 인류가 언제, 어디서, 어떻게 진화해 왔을까 하는 의문은 다윈의 진화론 이후 어떤 것에도 비교할 수 없을 만큼 많은 사람들의 관심의 초점이 되어 왔고 또 연구되어졌다. 진화론 과학자들이 주장하는 현생 인류의 기원은 고생인류학자들의 지지를 받고 있는 다지역모델(multiregional model)과 인류유전학자들의 지지를 받고 있는 아프리카기원모델(out of Africa model)로 양분되어 있다. 다지역모델은 기존의 유인원 골편을 이용한 연구라면 아프리카기원모델은 인체 세포 내 미토콘드리아유전자와 핵유전자를 이용한 연구 결과이다. 인류 진화에 관한 저들 진화론자들의 현주소를 파악함으로써 하나님의 인류 창조를 믿고 또 이 사실을 널리 알리기를 원하는 우리들에게는 좋은 지식의 무기가 될 수 있다고 보기에 현생 인류 출현에 관한 최근의 진화론적 이론들을 소개하려고 한다. One of the most hotly debated issues in the field of paleoanthropology(the study of human origins) focuses on the origins of modern humans, Homo sapiens. Roughly 100,000 years ago, the Old World was occupied by a morphologically diverse group of hominids. In Africa and the Middle East there was Homo sapiens in Asia, Homo erectus and in Europe, Homo neanderthalensis. However, by 30,000 years ago, this taxonomic diversity vanished and humans everywhere had evolved into the anatomically and behaviorally modern form. The nature of this transformation is the focus of great deliberation between two schools of thought: one that stresses multiregional model and the other that suggests a single origin for modern humans (the "out of Africa" model). Over the years, evolutionists of varying degrees have contributed to this ever changing debate. Therefore, I will briefly review the current issues surrounding this topic.

Review : Synthetic Bile Acids: Novel Mediators of Apoptosis

김남득 ( Nam Deuk Kim ),임은옥 ( Eun Ok Im ),최영현 ( Yung Hyun Choi ),유영현 ( Young Hyun Yoo ) 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2002 동의한의연구 Vol.6 No.-

최근 첨단 의학에 대한 기독교적 고찰

김남득(Nam Deuk Kim) 밴쿠버기독교세계관대학원 1993 통합연구 Vol.6 No.3

High-tech medical system has achieved wondrous feats during the past several decades. Antibiotics and vaccine have helped control infectious disease. New drug treatment have brought relief form depression and high blood pressure and doubled the survival rate for children with leukemia. Surgical advances have helped alleviate everything from burns and trauma to congenital heart defects. Moreover, new instruments have enabled doctors to perform various procedures from breast biopsies to open heart surgery, more humanely. These wonders have had surprisingly modest effects on the population as a whole. The greatest advances in public health have stemmed from the development of new techniques for treating illness. However, these high-tech medical system has its own problems. Modern hospitals generally have more pieces of exotic equipment. But technological proliferation adds to the cost of health care and results in unneeded surgery and tests. High-tech medicine also creates paradox: the more it extends life, the more it raises the cost of living longer, Moreover, some of these technologies can be ethically criticized. This paper describes some of the achievement and the negative aspects of modern high-tech medical system in Christian perspective.

문화교육 소고

김남득(Nam Deuk Kim) 한국문화학회 1998 문화연구 Vol.1 No.-

진화하는 생명 기원설

김남득(Nam Deuk Kim) 밴쿠버기독교세계관대학원 1994 통합연구 Vol.7 No.4

The question of life`s origins is one of the oldest and most difficult one. The answer, although it is very clear to us, will not be a single statement of fact to evolutionists. Up to this time three answers can be offered: the first one that life had been created supernaturally, the second one that it arises continually from the nonliving, and the last one that it had come from outer space. To the evolutionists the first explanation lay outside science; the second and the third were now shown to be possible. To get the right answer they have tried to establish enormous numbers of hypothesis and experimental models. However, these hypotheses and experimental models were changed with time and the progress of science and technique. We will see that almost every generation in history, new theory or experimental facts emerged and disappeared. Therefore, I would like to review briefly these evolutions of theories about the origin of life and criticize them in Christian perspective.

Study of Rat Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells In Vivo and In Vitro

김남득(Nam Deuk Kim),백기주(Kee-Joo Paik) 한국식품영양과학회 1995 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

유선에 존재하는 유선 상피 모세포 (mammary epithelial stem cells)의 존재 증거, 정상 조직에서 이들의 역할, flow cytometry 및 면역 염색법에 의한 세포 분리, 세포 기질 단백질을 이용한 삼차원적 세포 배양에서의 증식 등을 요약한다. 유선의 실질 조직에 상피 모세포가 존재한다는 것은 여러 형태의 이식 실험에서 설명되었고 또 모세포의 표현형적 특징들은 여러 가지의 monoclonal antibodies에 의해 논증되었다. 이들 연구의 결과들은 유선의 모세포군이 end bud와 유선의 기저층(basal layer)에 존재한다고 제시하고 있다. 이들을 분리, 동정하기 위해 FITC-PNA와 PE-Thy-1.1 항체와 같은 세포 표지자를 이용하여 유선 상피 세포를 4군으로 나눌 수 있었다. FITC-PNA에만 양성 반응을 보인 PNA+ 세포군, PE-Thy-1.1에만 양성 반응을 보인 Thy-1.1+ 세포군, 이들 두 표지자에 양성 반응을 보인 B+ 세포군, 그리고 양쪽에 음성 반응을 보인 B- 세포군이었는데 이들을 flow cytometry로 분리하고 생체에 이식 실험을 하였을 때 PNA+ 세포군이 유선 모세포들을 가장 많이 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 유선 상피세포로 이루어진 유선 조직 절편(organoids) 이들 상피세포군을 세포외기질 단백질체인 Matrigel 내에서 배양한 결과 a) stellate, b) duct, c) web, d) squamous, e) lobulo-duct 등 5종류의 다세포 구조물이 생성됨을 확인하였다. 이들 중 편명상피화생의 구조물은 정상적인 유선 조직에서는 나타나지 않는 구조물인데 all-trans retinoic acid를 처리하였을 때 배지의 조성에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 대부분 이들 편평상피화생의 생성이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 본 연구에 이용된 생체 이식법 및 삼차원적 세포외기질 세포 배양법이 상피세포의 성장, 분화 및 모세포 연구에 유용하게 이용될 수 있으리라 사료된다. Mammary epithelial cells contain a subpopulation of cells with a large proliferative potential which are responsible for the maintenance of glandular cellularity and are the progenitor cells of mammary cancer. These clonogens give rise to multicellular clonal alveolar or ductal units (AU or DU) on transplantation and hormonal stimulation. To isolate putative mammary clonogens, enzymatically monodispersed rat mammary epithelial cells from organoid cultures and from intact glands are sorted by flow cytometry according to their affinity for FITC labeled peanut lectin (PNA) and PE labeled anti-Thy-1.1 antibody (Thy-1.1) into four subpopulations : cells negative to both PNA and Thy-1.1 (B-), PNA+ cells, Thy-1.1+cells, and cells positive to both reagents (B+). The in vivo transplantation assays indicate that the clonogenic fractions of PNA+ cells from out-growths of organoids in primary cultures for three days in complete hormone medium (CHM) are significantly higher than those of cells from other subpopulations derived from cultures or from intact glands. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex of several proteins that regulates cell function ; its role in cell growth and differentiation and tissue-specific gene expression. It can act as a positive as well as a negative regulator of cellular differentiation depending on the cell type and the genes studied. Regulation by ECM is closely interrelated with the action of other regulators of cellular function, such as growth factors and hormones. Matrigel supports the growth and development of several different multicellular colonies from mammary organoids and from monodispersed epithelial cells in culture. Several types of colonies are observed including stellate colonies, duct-like structures, two-and three-dimensional web structures, squamous organoids, and lobulo-duct colonies. Organoids have the greatest proliferative potential and formation of multi-cellular structures. Phase contrast micrographs demonstrate extensive intracellular lipid accumulation within the web structures and some of duct-like colonies. At the immunocytochemical and electron micrograph level, casein proteins are predominantly localized near the apical surface of the cells or in the lumen of duct-like or lobulo-duct colonies. Squamous colonies are comprised of several layers of squamous epithelium surrounding keratin pearls as is typical of squamous metaplasia (SM). All-trans retinoic acid (RA) inhibits the growth of SM. The frequency of lobulo-ductal colony formation increased with the augmentation of RA concentration in these culture conditions. The current study models could provide powerful tools not only for understanding cell growth and differentiation of epithelial cells, but also for the isolation and characterization of mammary clonogenic stem cells.