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택배산업 사회적 대화를 통해 본 사회적 대화 기능과 발전방향
김남근(Kim Nam-Geun) 고려대학교 노동문제연구소 2021 노동연구 Vol.43 No.-
2021년 6월 협약 체결을 한 “택배기사 과로사 방지 사회적 대화”는 택배노동자의 근로조건 개선 의제만이 아니라 택배요금 거래구조 개선과 같은 산업정책을 다루고 있고, 노사단체만이 아니라 소비자단체, 화주단체 등 관련 제 이익단체가 참여하였다는 데 특색이 있다. 정부도 국토교통부, 고용노동부, 공정거래위원회 등이 유기적으로 협력하여 사회적 대화를 지원하고 합의된 내용을 택배산업 내 불공정행위 근절과 선진화 정책의 결정에 반영하고 사회적 대화를 지원하는 협력행정을 보여주었다. 국회도택배노사와 함께 관련 이익단체와 소비자 단체를 사회적 대화에 참여하도록 견인하고, 행정부처의 협력행정을 이끌어내는 정치적 역할을 수행하였다. 사회적 대화는 이익대변, 정책형성, 노사관계 시스템 등의 기본적인 기능이 있는데, 이 논문은 택배산업 사회적 대화가 사회적 대화의 기능을 어떻게 충실히 수행했는지를 분석한다. 플랫폼 경제의 발달, 4차 산업혁명의 진전으로 기존의 근로자와 사용자의 개념으로 포섭하기 어려운 새로운 직업군이 탄생하고 있는데, 이들의 근로조건(거래조건)의 개선 위한 틀로서 사회적 대화의 기능도 주목받고 있다. 택배산업 사회적 대화는 노사관계 틀을 넘어 특수형태근로자의 근로조건 개선을 추진하는 사례로도 의미가 있다. 이 논문은 택배산업 사회적 대화의 진행과정과 성과를 분석하여 사회적 대화의 발전방향에 주는 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. The “Social Dialogue to Prevent Courier Drivers from Overworked Death”, signed an agreement in June 2021, deals not only with the agenda to improve the working conditions of courier workers, but also deals with industrial policies such as improving the delivery fee-transaction structure. It is unique in that related interest groups such as not only labor-management organizations, but also consumer organizations and shippers organizations participated in social dialogue. The government also showed cooperative administration in which the Ministry of Land and Transport, the Ministry of Employment and Labor, and the Fair Trade Commission organically cooperated to support social dialogue, reflected the agreements in the decision of policies for eradicating unfair practices and advancement in the parcel delivery industry. The National Assembly also played a political role in guiding related interest groups and consumer groups to participate in social dialogue along with the labor and management of the parcel delivery service and leading the cooperative administration of administrative departments. Social dialogue has basic functions such as profit representation, policy-making, and labor-management relations system. This paper analyzes how social dialogue in the parcel delivery industry faithfully performed the function of social dialogue. With the development of the platform economy and the progress of the 4th industrial revolution, new occupations that are difficult to embrace with the concept of existing workers and employers are being born. The social dialogue in the parcel delivery industry is also meaningful as an example of promoting the improvement of working conditions for special types of workers beyond the framework of labor-management relations. This paper intends to present implications for the development direction of social dialogue by analyzing the progress and performance of social dialogue in the parcel delivery industry.
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대·중소기업간 사회적 교섭을 통한 중소기업 저임금 해소 방안
김남근(Kim Nam-Geun) 고려대학교 노동문제연구소 2019 노동연구 Vol.38 No.-
최저임금인상을 통해 저임금 노동을 해소하려는 정책은 저임금이 구조화되어 있는, 전속적거래 구조 하의 2,3차 벤더 중소기업 노동자와 프랜차이즈, 대리점 등의 종속적 자영업자에 고용되어 노동자에 초점을 맞추어야 한다. 문제는 저임금 노동자들을 고용하고 있는 영세 중소기업과 소상공인들은 대기업과의 거래조건이나 경쟁력이 취약하여 만성적인 낮은 수익구조에 놓여 있다는 점이다. 전속적 거래구조에서는 원청 대기업은 중소기업의 재료비, 인건비 등의 원가를 조사하여 최소한의 이윤만이 남도록 납품대금을 결정함으로써 중소기업의 임금인상 여력을 취약하게 만들고 있다. 대기업과의 거래조건 개선과 거래관계에서의 지위 향상을 위해서는 사회적 교섭이 활성화되어야 한다. 최저임금 인상에 따른 부담을 대기업과 본사도함께 분담하도록 납품대금의 공정한 조정이나 가맹수수료의 조정 교섭, 편의점 업계의 최저수익보장제, 외식 프랜차이즈업계의 물류구매 협동조합 등 다양한 사회적 교섭이 추진되어야 한다. The policy to eliminate low-wage labor through the minimum wage increase should focus on low-wage workers of SMEs, especially secondary or third vendors locating in exclusive deal structure with major company. The another focus should be on workers hired by self-employed people, such as franchisees, agencies. The problem is that SMEs and Self-employed are under a chronic low-income structure because of poor trade terms with large corporations or low level of competitiveness. In the exclusive trading structure, large corporations investigate the cost of raw materials and labor costs of SMEs and determine the payment amount so that only the minimum profit is left, thereby weakening the wage hike of SMEs. Social bargaining must be promoted in order to improve the terms of trade with large companies and to improve their status in trading relationships. Various social bargaining should be promoted such as fair adjustment of delivery price, bargaining negotiation of franchise fee, minimum profit guarantee system of convenience store industry, and logistics purchase cooperative association of restaurant franchise industry so that large companies share the burden of minimum wage increase.
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판례연구 : 공동주택의 분양에 관한 판례경향의 비판적 고찰
김남근 ( Nam Geun Kim ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2012 고려법학 Vol.0 No.66
선분양제도에서는 소비자는 분양자에 비하여 심각한 정보의 비대칭상태에 처해 있고, 반면에 분양자는 소비자의 정보의 부족을 이용하여 분양가격이나 건설비용을 줄이려는 유혹에 빠지기 쉽다. 서구유럽이나 미국의 공동주택 분양에 비하여 한국에서 공동주택과 관련한 분쟁이 다양하고 많은 이유이다. 따라서 선분양제도하에서는 소비자를 보호하기 위한 법제도와 정치한 법리가 뒷받침되어야 소비자와 분양자가 대등한 입장에서 분양계약을 체결하고 분쟁을 해결할 수 있다. 그러나 종전의 우리 법원의 판례 법리는 이러한 분양계약의 특수성을 반영하지 못하고 대등한 당사자 사이에 정보가 충분히 공유되는 상태에서 체결되는 전형적인 매매계약을 전제하고 판결을 하여 소비자 보호에 미흡하였다. 다행히 2000년대 들어와 분양계약에 관한 판례의 태도를 변화하기 시작하여 분양광고의 계약편입, 정보고지의무, 기망에 이르지 않은 허위 과장광고의 책임 등 새로운 법리를 제시함으로써 소비자의 보호에 충실 하려는 방향으로 변화하고 있다. 하지만 아직도 주거환경이나 주거생활이익의 보호에 측면에서는 소비자 보호에 미흡한 점이 많다. 좀 더 소비자보호를 위한 법제와 판례 법리의 발전을 필요로 한다. The supply amount of condominiums in the western Europe and America mostly is because of double or triple complex, But Korea had met with much obstacles about mass supply of condominium so that the developers had poor fund power and project financing which banks invest money according to the prospect of success possibility of construct project had not been yet developed. In 1970;s when government provided apartment on a full scale for settlement of housing deficiency, pre-sale in lots system was introduced for the purpose that resolve the of fulfillment trouble of fund and mass supply of condominium. Developers contract with customers before condominiums are completed and build condominiums with the money which customers borrowed from bank and pay to developer in pre-sale in lots system. In the point that the name of act about housing policy at that time was the Housing Construction Promotion Act, we can understand the background that the pre-sale in lots system had developed at that time when the aim of housing policy was mass house supply. Though in pre-sale in lots, customers have to bear loan rate instead of developers` burden of high rate PF loan, customers accepted the system without excessive oppositions because the sale price in lots were lower than inventory price by connected with the top limit system of sale price in lots. The pre-sale in lots fundamentally, however, resulted in much disputes relating to sale in lots of condominium otherwise the western Europe, because the system contain imperfect transaction structure in which incomplete goods are sold. In consequence, the system should be supported by many legal systems and precedents for protecting customers. Like review previously, the precedents relating to pre-sale of condominium were negative. Legal system for protecting customers had been recognized only as unnecessary regulations against promotion policy of large condominium supply or market liberty. The court also considered disputes relating to sale in lots of condominium as investment failure which customers have to dare to. The change of precedents into inclination protecting customers appearing in 2000`s are significant, but is so insufficient, yet, This is the cause of continuing to happen in disputes and lawsuits relating to sale in lots. For the view of this, the more systematic and synthetic development of customers protect system and precedent is needed.
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김남근 ( Nam Geun Kim ) 안암법학회 2012 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.39
Land transaction approval system is that the lands which are to be developed are designated as the zone of land transaction approval and only transaction appropriate to the purpose of land use can be approved and the ownership of land can be transferred, in order to prevent real estate speculation and increasing of land price. Otherwise the prospect at the time of legislation, the effectiveness of the system itself have diminished, because betray of trust against land double-sale and violation against Act on Special Measures for Registration of Real Estate by false application for registration of real estate, ect can not be punished in criminal within zone of land transaction approval, as a result that court have applied the principal of "nulla poena sine lege" strictly to relating criminal case. In view of relating to failure of criminal effectiveness and prevent speculation forehand, the doctrine of making a denial to not only real right validity but also claim validity of the transactions under no approval of competent authorities is very significant. If the claim validity of them is recognized, there will happen frequent land transaction or speculation in way to preserve the qualification of vendee through provisional registration and resale it, On the side of civil law principle otherwise crime precedents, land double-sale within zone of land transaction approval should be determinate void as anti-social actions, Recently instead of preserving and resaling claim position of vendee by provisional registration, there have been mostly abused trust registration in way of which vendee in substance become beneficiary prior to other credits and land ownerships are transferred to beneficiary or person whom he/she will specify in order to secure claim effect of land transaction under no approval by evading or circumventing law. As this kind of trust must be typical evasive trust which is prohibited by Trust Act article sixth, the claim effect of this kind of land trusts under no approval should be also denied by extension of principal in which even claim effect of land transactions under no approval within zone of land transaction approval should be denied.
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