중개대상물에 따른 보수요율 만족도 및 지불의사액 추정 -공장, 토지, 상가, 사무용 오피스텔을 중심으로-

김기령 ( Kim Ki-ryeong ),임병준 ( Rhim Byeong-jun ) 한국부동산분석학회 2020 不動産學硏究 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 부동산중개 시장을 부동산 유형별 중개대상물(공장, 토지, 상가, 사무용 오피스텔)을 기준으로 세분화하여 부동산중개 서비스에 대한 가치를 측정함으로써 부동산중개에 대한 시사점을 제공하기 위해 작성되었다. 연구를 위해, 개업공인중개사를 대상으로 한 구조화된 인터뷰 방식을 이용하여 부동산시장 내에 존재하는 세부시장을 조사하였고, 조건부가치평가법(CVM)의 한 방식인 이중양분선택형질문법(DBDCQ)을 이용하여 데이터를 수집하였다. 수집된 데이터를 토대로 프로빗회귀분석과 최대우도함수를 이용하여 지불의사액(WTP)를 추정하였으며, 법정 중개보수 근접률을 도출하였다. 분석결과, 중개서비스 공급자 측면에서 보면, 공장, 토지, 상가, 사무용 오피스텔 순서로 차별화된 전문성이 중개시장별로 요구된다는 것이 조사되었다. 소비자 측면에서 보면, 공장, 토지, 상가, 사무용 오피스텔 순서로 법정중개보수 근접률이 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 인터뷰방식을 이용한 조사결과에서 보여지는 각 유형별 중개시장에서 중개업자에게 요구되는 전문성의 순서와 조건부가치평가법을 이용한 분석결과에서 나타난 소비자 지불의사액 크기 순서가 일치하였다. 이는 서비스 공급자인 중개업자와 서비스 소비자들 사이에 유형별 중개대상물에 갖는 기대치가 같다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 세부적인 특성의 차이로 인해서 보이지 않는 차별화된 가격이 소비자들의 지불의사액(WTP)로 나타난다. In this study, a real estate brokerage market was segmented into sub-markets by the types of real estate products (i.e., factory, land, commercial spaces, and officetel for offices). Based on the segmented sub-market, this study estimated the value of the real estate brokerage services so that the result may contribute to the market with appropriate implications. For the study, a structured interview was employed to confirm the existence of sub-markets by real estate products. For the data collection, the contingent valuation method with double bounded dichotomous choice question was utilized. As a statistical method, probit regression analysis model with maximum likelihood function was utilized to estimate the consumers’ willingness to pay. The estimated willingness to pay was used to calculate the market price-to-willingness rate, which is the ratio between the official real estate broker fees and the willingness to pay. As a result, from the perspective of real estate brokers, it is found that the sub-market of factory requires the highest level of professional knowledge followed by the sub-markets of land, commercial spaces, and officetel. From the service consumers’ side, the sub-market of factory shows the highest similarity between the market price and the WTP followed by the sub-market of land, commercial spaces, and officetels in order of similarity. This finding implies that service providers (i.e. real estate brokers) and consumers have similar level of expectation from the real estate brokerage market. Because of this difference across products, the invisible prices differentiated by the product types incurs the heterogeneous level of willingness-to-pay from the consumers.

심리적 요인으로서 중개서비스에 대한 만족도 및 지불의사금액 추정 -주택시장을 중심으로-

김기령 ( Kim Ki-ryeong ),임병준 ( Rhim Byeong-jun ) 한국부동산분석학회 2020 不動産學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 소비자의 심리적 요인 중 하나인 서비스 만족도의 영향력을 분석하여 부동산중개의 가치를 화폐가치로 평가함으로써 부동산중개에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 하는 목적으로 작성되었다. 연구결과 부동산중개업에서도 실망이론(Disappointment Theory)에 따른 소비자만족도와 지불의사액의 관계성이 유의미하게 나타나는 것을 보여주었다. 분석을 위해, 공공재 등의 가치평가에 많이 사용되고 있는 조건부가치평가법(Contingent Valuation Method)의 한 측정방법인 이중양분선택형질문법(Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice Question)을 사용하여 설문자료를 수집하였고, 프로빗회귀분석모형(Probit Regression Analysis Model)과 최대우도함수(Maximum likelihood function)를 이용하여 소비자 측면에서 지불의사금액(Willingness to Pay)을 도출하였다. 현행 ‘주택’의 법정수수료는 아파트, 빌라·연립주택, 단독·다가구주택에 같은 수준의 법정수수료 요율을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 법정수수료에 대한 소비자 지불의사금액 근접률이 주택 유형별로 모두 큰 차이를 보였다. 이는 소비자의 수수료지불의사금액이 주택의 유형에 따라 서로 상이하다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 점에 비추어 볼 때, 현행 법정수수료제도가 현실의 중개시장에서 적절하게 작동하고 있는가에 대한 추가적인 논의가 필요할 수 있겠다. 또한, 현행 법정수수료는 지역에 따른 차등이 없이 동일하게 적용되고 있다. 그러나 수도권지역과 지방지역에서 소비자 수수료지불의사금액의 추정치가 지역별로 상이하게 나타나는 점에 주목할 필요가 있다. 분석결과 지방의 소비자들은 수도권의 소비자들에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 지불의사금액을 보였다. 이는 지역적으로 소비자의 심리적인 요인이 다르게 나타나는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 결과는 지역적인 특성 및 시장외적 요인 또한 지불의사액에 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. This study aims at estimating the monetary value of realtor service, which is assumed to be associated with the service satisfaction as one of the consumers’ psychological factors. By estimating the monetary value, this study tries to suggest the implications to the professional realtors and the associated entities. Two major methodological approaches are employed to estimate the value of realtor service. First, Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice Question method is employed for the main survey questionnaire, which is one of the Contingent Valuation Method. Second, the probit regression analysis model with maximum likelihood function is utilized as the main analytic procedure to estimate the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the realtor service. The results show that there are significant differences between the recommended commission and the consumers’ WTP across all types of real estate products. It means that the WTPs for the realtor service vary across the types of real estate products. In addition, the estimated WTPs are significantly different between the metropolitan area around the capital city (i.e., including Seoul and the suburban areas) and the other areas (i.e., cities out of metropolitan area and rural areas) in Korea. It means that the risk averse tendency to pay the realtor service is idiosyncratic by areas, which implies that regional and external features may influence the WTPs. Theoretically, the results indicate that the Disappoint Theory is well performing in the real market, specifically between the WTP to realtor services and the consumers’ satisfaction. Based on the results, this study suggests that reconsideration of the current commission rate, which is recommended by the government, is needed as the actual market does not fit with the recommended commission.

체외배양 중인 생쥐 난소에서 초기난포 조절인자의 발현

윤세진,김기령,정형민,윤태기,차광렬,이경아,Yoon, Se-Jin,Kim, Ki-Ryeong,Chung, Hyung-Min,Yoon, Tae-Ki,Cha, Kwang-Yul,Lee, Kyung-Ah 대한생식의학회 2005 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.32 No.3

Objective: To understand the crucial requirement for the normal early folliculogenesis, we evaluated molecular as well as physiological differences during in vitro ovarian culture. Among the important regulators for follicle development, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and FSH Receptor (FSHR) have been known to be expressed in the cuboidal granulosa cells. Meanwhile, it is known that c-kit is germ cell-specific and GDF-9 is also oocyte-specific regulator. To evaluate the functional requirement for the competence of normal follicular development, we investigated the differential mRNA expression of several factors secreted from granulosa cells and oocytes between in vivo and in vitro developed ovaries. Materials and Methods: Ovaries from ICR neonates (the day of birth) were cultured for 4 days (for primordial to primary transition) or 8 days (for secondary follicle formation) in ${\alpha}$-MEM glutamax supplemented with 3 mg/ml BSA without serum or growth factors. The mRNA levels of the several factors were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Freshly isolated 0-, 4-, and 8-day-old ovaries were used as control. Results: The mRNA of AMH and FSHR as granulosa cell factors was highly increased according to the ovarian development in both of 4- and 8-day-old control. However, the mRNA expression was not induced in both of 4- and 8-day in vitro cultured ovaries. The mRNA expression of GDF-9 known to regulate follicle growth as an oocyte factor was different between in vivo and in vitro developed ovaries. In addition, the transcript of GDF-9 was expressed in the primordial follicles of mouse ovaries. The mRNA expression of c-kit was not significantly different during the early folliculogenesis in vitro. Conclusion: This is the first report regarding endogenous AMH and FSHR expression during the early folliculogenesis in vitro. In conclusion, it will be very valuable to evaluate cuboidal granulosa cell factors as functional marker(s) for normal early folliculogenesis in vitro.

고도지능망을 위한 지능망 응용프로토콜 구조 연구

임희진(Lim Hee Jin),김기령(Kim Ki Ryeong),김태일(kim Tae Il),최고봉(Choi Go Bong) 대한전자공학회 1995 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1995 No.6