신경숙의 ≪엄마를 부탁해≫ 프랑스어 번역본에 관한 고찰

김경희 ( Kyung Hee Kim ) 한국언어문화학회 2015 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.57

Please Look After Mom, is composed of four chapters and epilogue. The author sets the eldest daughter, eldest son, and husband as the main character of the first three chapters each, who confess their feelings of guilt about disappearance of their mother and wife. Uniquely, the story is developed from the Mom’s perspective throughout the novel, with the first and third chapters written in the first person point-of-view, while the second chapter written in the third person point-of-view. Please Look After Mom was translated into both English and French. While the English version is generally considered to succeed in a faithful translation of the original, though criticized for incomplete transmission of the meanings of the source text due to a domesticating translation, the French version, Prends soin de maman, has more serious problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of the French version by comparing it with the English version. First, the French version has lots of inaccurate translation that may result from a lack of understanding of the original. Such inaccuracies frequently failed to highlight the delicate style of writing unique to the author. Second, the English version utilized the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters in a free direct speech in the first person in the same way as the original, and marked them in italics. It would have helped make a clear distinction of this kind of soliloquies from others. In contrast, unlike the original, the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters were translated in a free indirect speech in the French version. It might have caused some confusion about whom these soliloquies belong to. Finally, while the source texts were translated faithfully in the English version, they weren’t in the French version. This translational unfaithfulness in the French version is considered to result from the various causes, including the omission, excessive abridgment, and redundant explanation of the contents of the original as well as the arbitrary insertion of the contents that do not appear in the original. While the literal translation, used in the English version, is thought to have successfully conveyed the contents of the original stories, the excessive liberal translation, used in the French version, seems to have failed to get an achievement as good as in the original. We have a prejudice that “natural translation” should be done with a liberal translation, not with a literal translation. Although the English version of Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, also contains faults which are mostly related to a domesticating translation, its success in gaining public favor by the faithful translation using a literal translation suggests that the literary translators keep this in mind to improve the quality of their translation.Kim, Kyunghee. 2015. A study on Prends soin de maman. Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, is composed of four chapters and epilogue. The author sets the eldest daughter, eldest son, and husband as the main character of the first three chapters each, who confess their feelings of guilt about disappearance of their mother and wife. Uniquely, the story is developed from the Mom’s perspective throughout the novel, with the first and third chapters written in the first person point-of-view, while the second chapter written in the third person point-of-view. Please Look After Mom was translated into both English and French. While the English version is generally considered to succeed in a faithful translation of the original, though criticized for incomplete transmission of the meanings of the source text due to a domesticating translation, the French version, Prends soin de maman, has more serious problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of the French version by comparing it with the English version. First, the French version has lots of inaccurate translation that may result from a lack of understanding of the original. Such inaccuracies frequently failed to highlight the delicate style of writing unique to the author. Second, the English version utilized the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters in a free direct speech in the first person in the same way as the original, and marked them in italics. It would have helped make a clear distinction of this kind of soliloquies from others. In contrast, unlike the original, the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters were translated in a free indirect speech in the French version. It might have caused some confusion about whom these soliloquies belong to. Finally, while the source texts were translated faithfully in the English version, they weren’t in the French version. This translational unfaithfulness in the French version is considered to result from the various causes, including the omission, excessive abridgment, and redundant explanation of the contents of the original as well as the arbitrary insertion of the contents that do not appear in the original. While the literal translation, used in the English version, is thought to have successfully conveyed the contents of the original stories, the excessive liberal translation, used in the French version, seems to have failed to get an achievement as good as in the original. We have a prejudice that “natural translation” should be done with a liberal translation, not with a literal translation. Although the English version of Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, also contains faults which are mostly related to a domesticating translation, its success in gaining public favor by the faithful translation using a literal translation suggests that the literary translators keep this in mind to improve the quality of their translation.

창의력 계발 CAT 이론 : 창의적 풍토(Climate), 창의적 태도(Attitude), 창의적 사고(Thinking)

김경희(Kyung Hee Kim) 한국영재교육학회 2020 영재와 영재교육 Vol.19 No.2

창의력은 색다르고 값진 것을 만드는 능력이며 그 성공적인 결과가 혁신이다. 본 논문의 목적은 창의력으로 혁신에 도달하는 세 단계인, 창의적 풍토(Climate) 조성하기, 창의적 태도(Attitude) 기르기, 창의적 사고(Thinking) 적용하기라는 ‘CAT’ 이론(Kim, 2016)을 토대로, 한국교육이 어떻게 학생들의 창의력을 계발하거나 저해 하는지를 논의하고자 한다. 창의적 풍토는 네 가지 풍토 (4S)로, 1) 큰 꿈과 호기심을 격려하는 햇살(Sun), 2) 뚜렷한 목표로 시련을 극복하게 하는 비바람(Storm), 3) 다양한 경험과 관점을 융합하는 토양(Soil), 4) 깊고 튀는 생각할 여유와 자유를 주는 공간(Space)이 필요하다. 이 4S 풍토에 의해 창의적 태도가 길러지며 이는 혁신가들이 공통적으로 가지는 27가지 특성이다. 이 태도는 기존의 지식이나 기술을 활용해서 색다르고 값진 것을 만드는 ION 사고력을 가능하게 한다. ION 사고력은 1) 틀 안(Inbox) 전문성, 2) 틀 밖(Outbox) 상상력, 3) 틀 안(Inbox) 비판력, 4) 새 틀(Newbox) 융합력을 포함한다. Creativity is making something valuable and novel, which can lead to innovations. Kim’s(2016) research-based CATs theory illustrates the necessary process for creativity to develop into innovations: 1) cultivate creative Climates, 2) nurture creative Attitudes, and 3) apply creative Thinking skills. Creative climates are the physical and psychological environments and conditions that nurture individuals’ creative attitudes. The 4S climates include 1) the inspirational and encouraging Sun climate, 2) the high-expectation-holding and challenging Storm climate, 3) the experience- and viewpoint-diverse Soil climate, and 4) the free- and deep-thinking Space climate. Creative attitudes are the 27 characteristics that innovators share, which make creative thinking possible. Creative thinking skills are Inbox, Outbox, and Newbox(ION) thinking, which rest on a foundation of expertise.

김연수제 춘향가의 소설 옥중화 수용과 의미

김경희(Kim Kyung-Hee) 한국전통음악학회 2005 한국전통음악학 Vol.- No.6

김연수(1907~1974)는 늦은 나이에 판소리를 배우기 시작하였으나 서양식의 극에 대한 이해와 타고난 연기력 등으로 판소리의 창극화를 주도적으로 추진하여 창극 발전에 큰 기여를 함으로써 근ㆍ현대 판소리사에 있어서 가장 주목받는 명창 가운데 한 사람이다. 그는 당시 여러 명창들의 좋은 대목들을 첨가하고 새로운 선율을 짜 넣어 자신의 판소리 다섯 바탕을 만들어 소위 동초제 판소리를 완성하였다. 이 가운데 〈춘향가〉는 이해조의 신소설인 『옥중화』의 내용을 사설로서 부분적 수용을 하여 장단과 선율이라는 음악적인 틀 속에 새로이 넣음으로서 〈춘향가〉 내용을 풍부하게 하였다. 필자는 김연수가 이렇게 새로운 대목을 삽입하면서 판소리를 새로 만들어내는 작창원리가 궁금하였다. 따라서 김연수제 〈춘향가〉가운데 『옥중화』와 내용이 동일한 여섯 대목에 대해 시절의 수용과 음악적 특징이라는 두 가지 면으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 우전 시절의 수용면에 있어서는 김연수의 〈춘향가〉는 『옥중화』의 내용을 그대로 수용하되 비슷한 내용의 단어를 나열함으후써 상황을 강조하는 판소리식의 어투로 변화시키거나, 상황에 대해 보다 적극적으로 상세하게 설명을 추가하고, 고전적인 어법을 현대적인 어법으로 바꾸는 방법을 사용하였다. 특히 ‘만복사 중들이 불공축원하는 대목’에서는 단가 〈백구사〉의 사설 내용 가운데 일부를 그대로 가져다 사설로서 사용하고 있는 점들을 고려해볼 때, 김연수는 보다 사실적이고 극적인 상황묘사를 첨가하는 방법으로 각색하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 한편 김연수는 소설에서 가져온 사설을 이면에 맞는 장단을 얹어 주변에 있는 소리 대목을 활용하여 장착하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이도령이 등장하는 장변에서는 이도령이 서울사람이라는 설정에 따라 경드름의 악조를 어법적으로 활용함으로써 계면조의 악조로 노래하는 춘향과 악조로서 구분하고 있다. 그리고 『옥중화』의 내용 가운데 단가 〈백구사〉와 유사한 내용을 수용하면서, 자신이 노래한 〈백구사〉의 사설과 선율로 교체함으로써 〈춘향가〉안에 자신의 〈백구사〉를 그대로 녹아들이고 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 같은 대목에서 중들이 염불을 하는 대목에서는 실제로 불가의 염불선율을 사용함으로써 불교음악까지도 수용하고 있다. 이렇듯 김연수가 소설 『옥중화』를 자신의 〈춘향가〉 사설로 차용하면서 보다 극적인 긴장감과 상세하고 사실적인 묘사, 다양한 상황설정 등으로 풍부한 재미를 부여하려고 했으며, 이면에 맞는 소리구성을 위하여 해당대목에 있어서는 단가나 불교음악이라는 다른 장르의 음악까지도 과감하게 수용함으로써 극적인 효과를 높이고자했음을 알 수 있다. Yeon-Su Kim(1907~1974) was one of the most remarkable Pansori singer in modem Korean Pansori history. Although he had begun to learn Pansori relatively older age comparing to other contemporary Pansori singers, his contributions to the development of new sryle of Pansori, also known as Changgeuk, were really great. One of the contributions was that he introduced western style playacting into his new Pansori. His creation of new style of five Pansori is known as Dongchojae Pansori. For the creation of this he had borrowed other great contemporary singers' existing parts of Pasori repertoires, and also had created his own new melodies. The purpose of this paper is searching for the process of creating his new Pansori in two ways; lyrics and melody. In this paper I choose newly created “Chunhyangga” among his new five Pansoris. The story of Yeon-Su Kim's "Chunhyangga" was from "Okjunghwa" a novel by Hae-]o Yi, with some changes of text to fit Pansori style. I examined how he accepted and changed the literary style from the original novel while he was writing the lyrics of “Chunhyangga”. When he created the melody of “Chunhyangga”, he used a variety of musical idiom both in melody and rhythm according to the scene. For example, he used the singing style of Gyeonggi region for the role of Myong-Ryong Yi who were from Seoul in Gyeonggi region. I think those of his innovated ideas of creating new style of Pansori contributed Korean music more rich and diverse.

동결건조 낫토를 첨가한 드레싱의 품질특성

김경희,김예린,김수아,한태인,박노동,홍경덕,황상덕,용주선,김재숙,Kim, Kyung-hee,Kim, Ye-Rin,Kim, Su-A,Han, Tae-In,Park, Ro-Dong,Hong, Gyung-Deok,Hwang, Sang-Duk,Yong, Ju-Sun,Kim, Jae-Suk 한국식생활문화학회 2020 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

This study assessed the color, polyphenol content, and sensory characteristics of dressing containing varying concentrations (0, 3, 6 and 9%) of freeze-dried Natto. We determined that the absence of freeze-dried Natto (0%) imparted the highest additive value for both L and a, b. The polyphenol contents obtained were 0.63, 0.69, 0.74, and 0.82 mg/g for 0, 3, 6 and 9% of dressing containing freeze-dried Natto, respectively. The appearance, color, taste, texture, and overall preference of dressings with freeze-dried Natto showed significant differences between the samples. The overall preference was highest at 5.92 points, with dressing containing 9% Natto. The quality characteristics of the 9% added samples exhibited significantly higher values as compared to those of the controls, raising the possibility of development as a health-functional dressing.

동결건조 낫토를 첨가한 영양바의 품질특성

김경희,김예린,김수아,한태인,박노동,홍경덕,황상덕,용주선,김재숙,Kim, Kyung-hee,Kim, Ye-Rin,Kim, Su-A,Han, Tae-In,Park, Ro-Dong,Hong, Gyung-Deok,Hwang, Sang-Duk,Yong, Ju-Sun,Kim, Jae-Suk 한국식생활문화학회 2020 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

This study evaluated the color, DPPH radical activity, and sensory characteristics of nutritional bars supplemented with varying concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%) of freeze-dried Natto. An inconsistent pattern was observed for the L value, whereas both a and b values increased significantly up to 5% addition of freeze-dried Natto. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of nutritional bars supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% freeze-dried Natto were determined to be 59.54, 59.70, 44.85, and 55.07%, respectively. The appearance, color, taste, texture, and overall preference of nutritional bars supplemented with freeze-dried Natto showed significant differences between the samples. The overall preference of the nutrient bar was highest at 6.08 points, determined for the 2.5% Natto supplemented bar. The quality characteristics of the 2.5% added samples exhibited significantly higher values as compared to the controls, thereby indicating the potential of development in health-functional cereal bars.

E. coli에서 발현된 human HtrA1 단백질의 정제와 HtrA1의 serine protease 활성 조건에 관한 연구

김경희,김상수,김구영,임향숙,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Kim, Sang-Soo,Kim, Goo-Young,Rhim, Hyang-Shuk 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.7

E. coli HtrA (High temperature requirement protein A)의 human homologue 중 하나인 HtrA1은 IGFBP를 절단하여 IGF의 활동을 조절하는 serine protease으로 알려졌다. HtrA1의 serine protease 활성이 여러 질병의 발병 mechanism과 연관성을 가진 것으로 예상되고 있지만, 이런 상관관계를 밝히기 위해서 기본적으로 필요한 다량의 HtrA1 단백질의 발현 및 정제조건과 HtrA1 serine protease의 최적 활성조건이 확립되어 있지 않은 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 pGEX 시스템을 이용하여 E. coli에서 mature HtrA1인 ${\Delta}149(WT)$와 catalytic site mutant인 ${\Delta}149(S328A)$를 85%의 순도로 1 liter 배양 시, 정제된 단백질을 각각 $400{\mu}g,\;520{\mu}g$ 얻을 수 있는 발현조건을 정립하였다. 또한 HtrA1 serine protease 활성은 protease의 농도와 substrate와의 반응시간에 dependent하며, substrate와의 반응온도가 $42^{\circ}C$일 때 최적의 serine protease활성을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 $200{\mu}M$의 HtrA1 serine protease를 $37^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 반응 시켰을 때, substrate로 사용한 ${\beta}-casein$의 약 50%가 절단되는 것을 관찰하였다. 따라서 이 반응조건에 사용한 HtrA1의 양을 1 unit으로 하여 HtrA1의 serine protease활성을 여러 조건에서 비교 분석할 수 있다 본 연구에서 정립한 mature HtrA1을 다량으로 얻을 수 있는 발헌 및 정제조건과 serine protease 최적 활성조건은 HtrA1의 serine protease 활성과 생물학적 기능의 상관관계를 이해하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Human HtrA1 (High temperature requirement protein A1) is a homologue of the E. coli periplasmic serine protease HtrA. A recent study has demonstrated that HtrA1 is a serine protease involved in processing of insulin like growth factor binding protein (ICFBP), indicating that it serves as an important regulator of IGF activity. Additionally, several lines of evidence suggest a striking correlation between proteolytic activity of HtrA1 serine protease and the pathogenesis of several diseases; however, physiological roles of HtrA1 remain to be elucidated. We used the pGEX bacterial expression system to develop a simple and rapid method for purifying HtrA1, and the recombinant HtrA1 protein was utilized to investigate the optimal conditions in executing its proteolytic activity. The proteolytically active HtrA1 was purified to approximately 85% purity, although the yield of the recombinant HtrA1 protein was slightly low $460{\mu}g$ for 1 liter E. coli culture). Using in vitro endoproteolytic cleavage assay, we identified that the HtrA1 serine protease activity was dependent on the enzyme concentration and the incubation time and that the best reaction temperature was $42^{\circ}C$ instead of $37^{\circ}C$. We arbitrary defined one unit of proteolytic activity of the HtrA1 serine protease as 200nM of HtrA1 that cleaves half of $5{\mu}M\;of\;{\beta}-casein$ during 3 hr incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Our study provides a method for generating useful reagents to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which HtrA1 serine protease activity contributes in regulating its physiological function and to identify natural substrates of HtrA1.

NCW환경에서 지휘통제체계(C4I) 상호운용성 시험평가체계 개선방안 연구

김경희,강석중,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Kang, Seok-Joong 한국군사과학기술학회 2012 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.15 No.6

The most essential ROC(requirement operational capability) in order to assure the effectiveness of the C4I Systems in NCW Environments is the seamless and stable interoperability between systems. The U.S. Armed Forces that perceived the importance of interoperability, prepared the framework to apply from the proposal of requirement to every step of acquisition process. The Korea Joint Chiefs of Staff is also developing a similar system in order to assure the interoperability between command control(C4I) systems. In the paper, we specify the needs of standardization of test systems and international trends on the technology, and propose an interoperability test & evaluation system based on a standardization conformity method to improve the interoperability test & evaluation for the C4I systems in NCW environments. Finally we show an example of the implementation of the test system and its application to C4I systems to verify the proposed test system.

치주인대세포에 대한 Bone morphogenetic protein-7의 영향

김경희,김영준,정현주,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Kim, Young-Jun,Chung, Hyun-Ju 대한치주과학회 2005 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.35 No.2

Bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7), a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily, stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. There are lots of evidences supporting a direct participation of periodontal ligament(PDL) cells on periodontal tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human(rh) BMP-7 on primary rat PDL cells in vitro, with special focus on the ability of bone formation. The PDL cells were cultured with rhBMP-7 at the concentration of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200ng/ml for MTT assay. We evaluated the alkaline phosphatase activity at 3 and 5 days of incubation and the ability to produce mineralized nodules of rat PDL cells at 14 days of cell culture in concentration of 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100ng/ml. The cell activity was not reduced in cells treated with BMP-7 at $10{\sim}100ng/ml$, whereas the cell activity was reduced in the concentration of 200ng/ml than the control at day 1 and 3(p<0.01). At 3 and 5 day, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in cells treated with BMP-7 at 50ng/ml and 100ng/ml(p<0.05). The area of mineralized bone nodule was greater in cells treated with BMP-7 at 50 and 100 ng/ml than the control(p<0.01). These results suggest that rhBMP-7 stimulate rat PDL cells to differentiate toward osteoblast phenotype and secretion of the extracellular matrix of rat PDL cells.

여대생의 생활 스트레스와 영양소 섭취 상태와의 관계

김경희,Kim, Kyung-Hee 한국식생활문화학회 2000 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.15 No.5

A survey was carried out to investigate relation between life stress and nutrient intake status in female university students. It was represented that increasing trends of food intake under the stress condition and preference taste was sweet and hot in female students. The female students thought that food intake for coping with stress was produced negative results and they perceived the relation between stress and their health problem. There was a positive correlation between stress level and the change of food intake in female students statistically(p<0.01). They had higher stress in future prospect, academic problem, friend relationship, personality and family relationship. The average calorie intake of female university students was 1553.06kcal(77.65% of RDA). The intake of protein, calcium and iron were quite less than the RDA, whereas the intake of phosphate, vitamin A, $B_2$, C, niacin were more than the RDA. In changes of nutrient intake under the stress conditions, the higher stress group had decreased intake of calcium, iron, vitamin $B_1,\;B_2$, C than the lower stress group(p<0.05).

경기지역 유치원 아동을 위한 영양교육 프로그램의 효과 평가

김경희,Kim, Kyung-Hee 대한지역사회영양학회 2006 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.11 No.5

The following study has been conducted by carrying out the nutrition education program for preschool children and measuring the change in their food preference and nutritional knowledge. The 28 boys and 22 girls with the average height of $117.4{\pm}5.1cm$ and weight $21.8{\pm}3.5kg$ participated in the study. The favorite foods of the children were: meat (51.1%) being the highest, fruits (38.3%), carbohydrates (23.4%), while the least favored food was vegetables (75%). It indicated that 36.2% of the children were having unbalanced diets. The change in food preference after the implementation of the nutrition education program was the significant increase in preference in vegetables and fruits (p<0.01) and proteins such as meat, fish, eggs and beans (p<0.05). The differences in food preference among boys and girls were that the boys showed significant increase in vegetables and fruits (p<0.01) while there was a decrease in the simple sugar groups (p<0.01). Regarding girls, there were significant increases in vegetables and fruits as well as protein groups of meat, fish, eggs and beans (p<0.01). The changes in the nutritional knowledge of the preschool children after the implementation of the nutrition education program were scores for the fruits and vegetables group and carbohydrates group showed a significant increase while the scores for the oil and nuts group had decreased considerably. The average score on nutritional knowledge has significantly increased from 9.07 to 10.17 (p<0.01) and the score on the roles of the nutrients increased from 3.02 to 3.48 (p<0.05). The changes in eating habits of the children after the nutrition education were the answer for the change in eating habits of the children after the nutrition education was 'slight change' 61.4%. Also, the change in food preference was 'slight change' 61.4% and the improvement in nutrition education was 'slightly' 50%. According to the results of this study, it is evident that the change in eating habits and the acquisition of nutritional knowledge is very difficult, thus requiring consistent and prolonged education. Therefore, it seems to be best to include a more systematic and professional nutrition education program in preschool education. Also, the education for the parents should be implemented since the effect of education on children is greater when it is closely connected with the education at home.