적분개념의 발달 (리만적분에서 르베그적분으로의 이행을 중심으로)

김경화,Kim, Kyung-Hwa 한국수학사학회 2008 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.21 No.3

In the 19th century Fourier and Dirichlet studied the expansion of "arbitrary" functions into the trigonometric series and this led to the development of the Riemann's definition of the integral. Riemann's integral was considered to be of the highest generality and was discussed intensively. As a result, some weak points were found but, at least at the beginning, these were not considered as the criticism of the Riemann's integral. But after Jordan introduced the theory of content and measure-theoretic approach to the concept of the integral, and after Borel developed the Jordan's theory of content to a theory of measure, Lebesgue joined these two concepts together and obtained a new theory of integral, now known as the "Lebesgue integral". 19세기에 푸리에와 디리클레가 한 개의 식으로 표현되지 않을 수도 있는 "임의의" 함수를 삼각급수로 표현하는 것과 관련하여 연속함수의 적분을 다루었던 코시의 적분보다 더 일반적인 적분의 필요성을 제기하여 리만적분론으로 이끌었다. 한동안 리만적분이 가장 일반적인 적분으로 간주되었고, 이 적분론이 집중적으로 다루어진 결과 리만적분의 약점들이 보였으나, 적어도 초기에는 이것들이 리만적분에 대한 비판으로 보이지 않았다. 그러나 죠르단이 1892년에 용량개념을 소개하며 리만적분론을 측도론적 배경에서 다루었고, 이로부터 몇 년 후에 보렐이 죠르단의 용량론을 측도론으로 발전시킨 후에 르베그가 이 둘의 이론을 합쳐서 지금 "르베그적분"으로 알고 있는 적분의 새 개념을 얻게 되었다.

자율실습에서의 상호동료 교수법 적용경험에 대한 융합적 연구: 핵심기본간호술 투약간호를 중심으로

김경화,임종미,장양민,Kim, Kyung Hwa,Lim, Jong Mi,Jang, Yang Min 한국융합학회 2021 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.12 No.9

본 연구의 목적은 상호동료 교수법을 적용한 핵심기본간호술 자율실습(투약단원을 중심으로)이 간호대학생의 학습에 미치는 영향을 심층적으로 이해하기 위함이다. 연구참여자는 간호학과 4학년 학생 15명이었으며, 심층면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과, '학습동기 유발', '자기주도 학습', '성취도 향상', '학습요구 불충족'의 4개의 주제가 도출되었다. 상호동료 교수법을 적용한 핵심기본간호술 자율실습은 참여자들에게 편안한 환경과 자신감 향상으로 학습동기를 유발하고, 주도적인 사전학습 및 학습자의 언어로 학습할 기회를 얻는 긍정적인 경험이 있었다. 하지만, 추가적인 지식확장이 어렵고 충분하지 않은 학습요구로 불안감을 느끼는 경험도 있었다. 이에 상호동료 교수법을 자율실습에 적용할 때, 교수자는 학습자의 학습요구를 충분히 만족시키는 방안을 적용하면 효과적일 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to understand in-depth the effect of self-directed practice in for core fundamental nursing skills applying reciprocal peer tutoring on the learning of nursing college students. The study participants were 15 students in the 4th grade of the department of nursing, and data were collected through in-depth interviews. The results of analysis resulted in four themes: 'motivation of learning', 'self-directed learning', 'improving achievement', and 'insufficient learning requirements'. The core fundamental nursing skills applying reciprocal peer tutoring has a positive experience of inducing motivation of learning for participants through a comfortable environment and improving self-confidence, and gaining opportunities to lead prior learning and learn in the learner's language. However, there have been experiences where additional knowledge expansion is difficult and feelings of insecurity is felt due to insufficient learning requirements. Therefore, when applying the reciprocal peer tutoring method to self-directed practice, it is considered to be effective if the professor applies a method that can sufficiently satisfy the learner's learning needs.

쥐의 초기 난포 발달에 관여하는 Cell Size Growth 및 CCN Family 유전자에 관한 연구

김경화,박창은,윤세진,이경아,Kim, Kyeoung-Hwa,Park, Chang-Eun,Yoon, Se-Jin,Lee, Kyung-Ah 대한생식의학회 2005 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.32 No.3

Objectives: Previously, we sought to compile a list of genes expressed during early folliculogenesis by using cDNA microarray to investigate follicular gene expression and changes during primordialprimary follicle transition and development of secondary follicles (Yoon et al., 2005). Among those genes, a group of genes related to the cell size growth was characterized during the ovarian development in the present study. Methods: We determined ovarian expression pattern of six genes related to the cell size growth (cyr61, emp1, fhl1, socs2, wig1 and wisp1) and extended into CCN family (${\underline{c}}onnective$ tissue growth factor/${\underline{c}}ysteine$-rich 61/${\underline{n}}ephroblastoma$-overexpressed), ctgf, nov, wisp2, wisp3, including cyr61 and wisp1 genes. Expression of mRNA and protein according to the ovarian developmental stage was evaluated by in situ hybridization, and/or semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: Among 6 genes related to the cell size growth, cyr61 and wisp1 mRNA was detected only in oocytes in the postnatal day5 mouse ovaries. cyr61 mRNA expression was limited to the nucleolus of oocytes, while wisp1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleolus of oocytes, except nucleus. cyr61 mRNA expression, however, was found in granulosa cells from secondary follicles. The rest 4 genes in the cell size growth group were detected in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells. Cyr61 and Wisp1 proteins were expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm from primordial follicle stage. Especially, Cyr61 protein was detected in pre-granulosa cells, Wisp1 protein was not. By using RT-PCR, we evaluated and decided that Cyr61 protein is produced by their own mRNA in pre-granulosa cells that was not detected by in situ hybridization. cyr61 and wisp1 genes are happen to be the CCN family members. The other members of CCN family were also studied, but their expression was detected in oocytes, granulose and theca cells. Conclusions: We firstly characterized the ovarian expression of genes related to the cell size growth and CCN family according to the early folliculogenesis. Cyr61 protein expression in the pre-granulosa cells is profound in meaning. Further functional analysis for cyr61 in early folliculogenesis is under investigation.

19세기 에콜 폴리테크닉의 해석학 교재 : Cauchy, Sturm, Jordan의 Cours d'Analyse

김경화,Kim, Kyung-Hwa 한국수학사학회 2016 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.29 No.2

We study the topics of the lectures in Analysis in 19th century at Ecole Polytechnique of France through the lists of the contents of the Cours d'Analyse by Cauchy, Sturm and Jordan, respectively and also we show how they stated the definitions of functions, continuity and limits in their Cours d'Analyse. Through this, we see that in 19th century, in France, analysis included differential and integral calculus, differential equations, variations and applications of these to differential geometry, and it was far from today's mathematical analysis.

Current Status and Teachers' Recognition on Integrated Daycare for Disabled Children

Kim, Kyung Hwa(김경화),Kim, Kyung Hee(김경희),Lee, Mi Jeong(이미정) 한국보육학회 2009 한국보육학회지 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구는 통합보육을 실시하고 있는 어린이집에 대한 현황과 교사의 인식, 통합교육의 발전 방안에 대해 알아보았다. 연구대상으로는 성남과 일산 지역에서 장애유아와 통합교육을 실시하고 있는 10곳 중 6개 어린이집과 13명의 교사이고, 설문지를 연구자료로 활용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어린이집의 장애유아 통합보육 현황은 주로 국․공립 어린이집에서 이루어지고 있다. 어린이집에서 통합보육을 받고 있는 장애유아는 3.4%이며, 이 중 72.7%가 발달장애와 정신지체 판정을 받은 유아였다.둘째, 장애유아 통합보육에 대한 어린이집 교사의 인식은 매우 긍정적이다. 즉, 통합보육이 장애유아에게 미치는 영향에 대해 교사는 긍정적으로 인식하고 있으며, 비장애유아에게 미치는 영향에 대해서도 긍정적으로 인식하고 있었다. 셋째, 통합보육의 발전방안에 대하여, 교사들은 비장애유아들이 장애유아에 대해 관심과 인식의 변화를 가질 수 있다고 하였으며, 교사의 전문적인 중재가 필요함으로 전문교사의 확충이 시급하고, 이를 위한 교사교육이 요구된다. This study is to examine the current status on integrated daycare facilities, teachers' recognition, and further development plans for integrated education. The study employs questionnaires received from 13 teachers in 6 daycare facilities, chosen from 10 integrated daycare facilities for disabled children located in Seongnam City and Ilsan City. The following is a summary of the survey results. First, integrated daycare for disabled children are mainly implemented a national and public daycare facilities. 3.4% of disabled children receive integrated daycare at facilities, whom of 72.7% have development disabilities and mental retard. Second, teachers working at daycare facilities have very positive views on integrated daycare for disabled children. That is, they see an impact of integrated daycare on not only disabled children positive but also on non disabled children. Third, teachers believe that non disabled children can have more interest and recognition change for disabled children with respect to integrated education development plans. It is imperative that teachers play a part as a mediator. Thus, more teachers need to be equipped with expertise and to be trained.

주조 코아와 레진 코아의 선택기준에 관한 문헌적 고찰

김경화 ( Kyung Hwa Kim ) , 최우진 ( Woo Jin Choi ) , 계기성 ( Kee Sung Kay ) , 정재헌 ( Chae Heon Chung ) , 강동완 ( Dong Wan Kang ) , 오상호 ( Sang Ho Oh ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2005 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.29 No.1

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뇌파검사 자료를 기반으로 한 과학영재 판별 지수(G-Index) 개발과 적용

김경화(Kyung-Hwa Kim),김규한(Kyu-Han Kim),이선길(Sun-Kil Lee),허명(Myung Hur),김용진(Yong-Jin Kim) 한국영재학회 2005 영재교육연구 Vol.15 No.1

과학영재 판별의 대안적 도구로서의 가능성을 찾아보기 위하여 영재 집단과 일반 집단 의 뇌파검사를 실시하였다. 뇌파의 주성분 공간분석법인 PCA분석 자료의 집단별 차이점 을 이용하여 과학영재 판별지수(Gifted Index: G-Index)를 개발하고 과학영재 판별의 가 능성을 탐색하여 보았더니 76% 수준에서의 판별 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또 과학영재 판 별이 가능한 기타 판별도구 성취도들 간의 상관관계를 바탕으로 하여 회귀분석을 시도 한 결과는<Logit(영재여부)=-57.510+(-.018)TTCT검사+(.057)IQ검사+(1.916)장의존/ 장독립검사+(.682)공간지각능력검사+(.088)실험능력평가+(.034)G-Index>로 나타났다. 이를 근거로 한 영재 판별 확률식을 제안하면 P= 1/1+e 와 같고 이 회귀분석식을 적용한 결과 영재 집단 내에서의 판별 가능성이 95% 수준에서 매우 우수하였다. 따라서 과학영재 판별의 대안적 도구로서의 뇌파검사와 G-Index의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다. In this study we investigated the adequacy of tools for distinction gifted students through the comparison these mutual relation on the basis of data, like paper test, the depths interview score, and the rest data((TTCT: Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, IQ test, FASP: Find A Shape Puzzle, V.T: Visualization Tests and Exp: experimental ability test), and analysis data of EEG test for examining the adequacy of tools for identification gifted students. So, we developed Brain Wave gifted Index(G-Index) for finding another distinction ability as using brain waves data. The standard of index development use gifted brain characteristic in closed-eyes rest state which is judged like that characteristic of distinction between gifted and normal students is the most clear and consistence. That is, the degree of unified pattern between each object and gifted PCA pattern was defined by Pearson method which added spatial mutual index to weight concept. This refer to mean number of spatial PCA pattern. Searching for the possibility of distinction gifted gave distinction effect in 76%. The result of regression analysis on the basis of mutual relation between the rest data is <Logit(gifted or normal) =-57.510+(-.018)TTCT+(.057)IQ+(1.916)FASP+(.682)V.T+(.088)experiment test+(.034)G-Index>. The probability formula for distinct gifted group is as follow. P= 1/1+e The result of this calculation showed that probability for distinct in gifted group was very good(95.0%). On the basis of upper result, tools for identification gifted students should be estimated as using many-sided estimation data whatever possible. And following study about development, and operation of tools for distinction suitable to gifted student in science should be progressed.

인문학적 노년학의 관점에서 본 『나빌레라』 -한국 만화에 재현된 새로운 노년관-

김경화 ( Kim Kyung Hwa ),고봉만 ( Ko Bong Mann ) 성균관대학교 인문학연구원(성균관대학교 인문과학연구소) 2019 人文科學 Vol.0 No.73

본 연구는 2017년에 출판된 한국 만화 『나빌레라』를 인문학적 노년학의 관점에서 분석하면서 한국사회에 등장한 새로운 노년관을 알아보고자 한다. 더불어 서구 노년학 연구 동향을 살피고 한국 사회의 역동적인 변화를 반영하는 노년학 연구의 필요성을 제기하고자 한다. 노년학 전개 과정에서 인문학적 노년학의 위치를 파악하고, 한국에서 그 적용 가능성을 『나빌레라』의 주인공, 덕출이 쓰는 ‘되기의 서사(narratives of becoming)’를 통해 점검해 보고자 한다. ‘되기의 서사’는 노년의 자기실현을 지향하는 서사 방식으로, 한느 레슬레(Hanne Laceulle)에 의해 주창되었다. 인간은 자신에 관한 이야기를 하면서 자기 정체성을 구성하기 때문에 서사는 노년 연구에 특히 중요하다고 레슬레는 주장한다. 그녀는 인문학적 노년학의 핵심을 신체적·정신적 쇠퇴를 경험하면서도 성장의 서사를 멈추지 않는 노년의 삶에서 찾고 있다. 서구의 인문학적 노년학은 주류 노년학이 인간실존이라는 기본적 질문을 도외시했다는 문제의식에서 출발했다. 노년을 관리의 대상으로서가 아니라 삶의 주체로서 바라보고자 한다. 노년 연구가 사회학적 연구 대상에서 벗어나 인간적 관점에서 연구될 필요가 있다고 주장하고 있으나 아직 체계적인 이론을 수립하지는 못했다. 본 논문은 『나빌레라』의 분석을 통해 인문학적 노년학의 정립에 기여하고 국내 노년학 연구에도 미력하나마 도움을 주고자 한다. The aim of the paper is to explore a new perspective on the elderly in a Korean comic book Nabillera, published in 2017, in the light of humanistic gerontology. We also examined the trends in gerontology studies in the West and raised the need for the development of a new methodology of aging studies that can reflect the dynamic changes in Korean society. After determining a brief history of aging studies of the modern West, we explained the recent definitions of humanistic gerontology, and then analyzed how Deok-chul, the main character of Nabillera, grows up to search for the self-identity through the “narratives of becoming”. The narratives of becoming, coined by Hanne Laceulle, is a term serving as a prelude to the idea of self-realization. According to her, human beings answer the question who they are by telling the stories about themselves. Stories are thus granted a constitutive function in personal identities. Researchers of humanistic gerontology regard the elderly as the co-equal members of society not as social refugees, criticizing that mainstream gerontology doesn’t ask the fundamental questions of human existence. They suggest that older age needs to be explored without losing sight of the individual persons concerned. Humanistic gerontology is in a process that is yet to be fully established as a theory. This study helps expand humanistic gerontology to be a comprehensive and accurate theory through the analysis of Nabillera, the struggle for affirmation in old age.

전문대학 학사학위 전공심화과정의 학습자 요구분석 - A 대학을 중심으로 -

김경화 ( Kyung-hwa Kim ) 한국고등직업교육학회 2010 한국고등직업교육학회논문집 Vol.11 No.2·3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the needs and expectations of students enrolled in advanced course to confer bachelor's degree in `A' University in order to develop some effective outlook for the course in implementing improvements in planning of advanced course to confer bachelor's degree program. To analyze the needs of students in the course, variables and problems related to elements of educational needs such as lesson schedules, motive of enrolling, program contents, faculty credentials, availability of scholarships, educational services, and effective counseling have been used. Through the survey analysis, the following results are obtained: the survey shows that the main reason respondents' want to get into this program is to be able to get social approval, followed by "to get training for a better job". The survey findings reflect that students' attitudes toward and expectations of enrolling this program are strongly oriented to career advancement and economic return. The result of this study is expected to provide a strategical point to establish a way to increase the satisfaction rate in the students enrolled in the advanced course to confer bachelor's degree program.

추나요법 건강보험 급여 적용이 자동차보험 한방의료기관의 추나요법료 및 의료이용에 미치는 영향

김경화 ( Kyung-hwa Kim ),조형경 ( Hyung-kyung Cho ),이광수 ( Kwang-soo Lee ) 한국보건행정학회 2021 보건행정학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of national health insurance coverage of Chuna therapy in April 2019 on the costs and service uses in automobile insurance. Methods: This study used the claim data from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. A total of 189,912 inpatients and 1,550,497 outpatients who received Chuna therapy covered by automobile insurance in oriental medical institutions were included. The analysis period was from July 2018 to December 2019, and a total of 18 months before and after April 2019, when Chuna therapy was covered by national health insurance. Interrupted time series analysis was applied to analyze the impact on the costs and service uses of Chuna therapy in automobile insurance before and after April 2019. Results: From July 2018 to December 2019, for 189,912 inpatients the cost and the number of times for Chuna therapy per capita were increased by 22.0% and decreased by 7.3% respectively right after the implementation of the policy. In the case of 1,550,497 outpatients, the cost of Chuna therapy per capita tends to be increased by 0.4% in overall study periods and increased 28.4% immediately after the implementation of the policy. Meanwhile, the number of times and visits for Chuna therapy per capita tends to be increased by 0.4% in overall study periods but decreased by 0.4% after the implementation of the policy. Conclusion: Results suggest that if the national health insurance coverage of oriental medicine services increases according to the policy stance for benefit expansion in national health insurance, the criteria for providing national health insurance benefits should be considered with the comprehensive impacts on the costs and service uses of automobile insurance.