에스트로겐 수용체 및 Luciferase 리포터 유전자 도입 사람 간 종양세포(HepG2 cell)에서 Toxaphene과 Chlordane의 내분비 독성

김경배(Kyeong-Bae Kim),정지원(Ji-Won Jung),양세란(Se-Ran Yang),강경선(Kyung-Sun Kang),이영순(Yong-Soon Lee) 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.3

Concern that some chemicals in our environment may affect human health by disrupting<br/> normal endocrine function has prompted a research on interactions of environmental contaminants<br/> with steroid hormone receptor. Toxaphene and chlordane are among the 12 persistent organic<br/> pollutants identified by the United Nations Environment Programme as requiring urgent attention. We<br/> compared the estrogenic activity of two organochlorine pesticides, toxaphene and chlordane, at estrogen<br/> receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were transiently<br/> transfected with rat ERα or ERβ plus an estrogen-responsive complement C3-luciferase (C3-<br/> Luc) reporter gene. After transfection, cells were treated with various concentrations of toxaphene and<br/> chlordane to investigate agonism or antagonism of these chemicals. Both toxaphene and chlordane<br/> were potent agonists in HepG2 cells for ERα. In contrast, these chemicals had a minimal agonist<br/> activity with ERβ and almost abolished 17β-estradiol-induced ERβ-mediated activity. Therefore, toxaphene<br/> and chlordane behaved as an ERα agonist and an ERβ antagonist with estrogen-responsive<br/> reporter plasmid C3-Luc, and exposure to these organochlorine pesticides could have a crictical effect<br/> on normal endocrine function.

정선-삼척 일대 대기층 상부 고품위 석회석의 생성환경

김창성(Chang Seong Kim),최선규(Seon-Gyu Cho),김규보(Gyu-Bo Kim),강정극(Jeonggeuk Kang),김경배(Kyeong Bae Kim),김학수(Hagsoo Kim),이정상(Jeongsang Lee),유인창(In-Chang Ryu) 대한자원환경지질학회 2017 자원환경지질 Vol.50 No.4

대기층의 고품위 석회석 생성기작은 고품위로 퇴적되었다는 견해와 퇴적 이후 열수의 작용에 의해 상부 영역에 국한되어 백색화와 함께 고품위화 하였다는 두 가지 견해로 나뉘어 있으며, 광물-암석화학적 연구를 통해 이들 견해를 검토하였다. 대기층의 암색은 크게 백색, 담갈색, 담회색, 회색, 암회색의 다섯 단계로 구분할 수 있다. 이 중 백색~ 담회색 암석은 53.15 ~ 55.64 wt. % CaO의 고품위 석회석이며, 담갈색은 20.71 ~ 21.67 wt. % MgO로 거의 순수한 백운석이다. 대기층은 상부와 하부의 석회암대와 그 사이에 중부 백운암대로 구성되어 있으며, 상부가 하부에 비해 전반적으로 높은 CaO 함량을 보인다. 다만, 대기층 상부와 하부에서 전반적으로 백색화 현상이 관찰되며, 하부 에서 백색에 비해 담회색 암석의 CaO 함량이 높은 경향이 나타나고 있어, 백색화와 CaO 함량은 상관관계가 없는 것으로 확인된다. 또한, 고품위 석회석과 중-저품위 석회석의 구분은 CaO 성분과 함께 Al 2 O 3 , K 2 O 등 이질성분의 함유 정도에 따라 구분되는데, 백색도가 높은 영역에서 이질성분의 함량이 증가하는 양상을 보이기도 한다. 특히, Al 2 O 3 는열수에 의해 쉽게 제거될 수 없는 성분이므로, 열수 작용에 의해 백색화와 함께 이질 성분이 제거되었다는 이론은 증거가 미약한 것으로 판단된다. 산소-탄소 안정동위원소 분포는 대기층 상부와 하부의 석회암대 모두에서 탄소 안정동 위원소의 변화 폭은 2 ‰ 이내인 반면, 산소 안정동위원소는 16 ‰ 이상의 큰 폭의 변화가 인지되어, 대기층 전반 적으로 열수의 영향을 받은 것으로 확인된다. 열수작용의 시기는 85.1 ± 1.7 Ma로 주변 동원광산의 광화시기와 일치한다. 회색-담회색-백색으로 백색화가 진행될수록 산소 안정동위원소 비는 낮아지는 경향이 확인되며, 이는 이 지역 탄산염암의 백색화는 열수에 의한 현상임을 지시한다. 따라서, 대기층은 전반적으로 열수의 영향을 받았으며, 열수에 의해 백색화가 진행되었으나, 고품위 석회석화는 백색화와 관련이 없으며, 열수에 의한 현상이 아닌 것으로 판단된다 . 대기층 상부에서의 고품위화는 이질물 특히, Al 2 O 3 성분이 효과적으로 제거될 수 있는 퇴적환경을 고려하여야 하며 , 중부 백운암대를 중심으로 상-하부 주변에서 CaO 함량이 증가하는 양상으로부터 순차층서적으로 퇴적 당시 이질물의 퇴적작용이 배제된 탄산염 천해환경이 조성된 결과로 보는 것이 타당할 것이다. The carbonate rocks of the Daegi Formation are composed of the limestone at the upper and lower zones, and the dolomite at the middle zone, in which the upper zone has higher CaO content than others. The colors of carbonate rock in the Daegi Formation can be divided into five types; white, light brown, light grey, grey, and dark grey. The white to light grey colored rocks correspond to the high purity limestone with 53.15 ~ 55.64 wt. % CaO, and the light brown colored rocks contain 20.71 ~ 21.67 wt. % MgO. The bleaching of carbonate rocks are not related to CaO composition of the rocks, as light grey rocks tend to be higher in CaO content than those of the white rocks at the lower zone. The pelitic components are also occasionally increased in white limestone than light grey one. Al 2 O 3 is one of the most difficult content to remove during hydrothermal processes, so the interpretation that the limestone is purified together with hydrothemral bleaching, has little merit. The wide range (over 16 ‰) of δ 18 O SMOW , smaller variation (within 2 ‰) of δ 13 C PDB are apparent in both the upper and lower zones, which indicate the Daegi Formation had been affected overall by hydrothermal fluids. The K-Ar isotopic age of hydrothermal alteration in the GMI limestone mine is 85.1 ± 1.7 Ma. Gradual change from grey through light grey to white limestone is accompanied by lower oxygen stable isotope values, which is major evidence that the hydrothermal effect is the main process of the bleaching. Although the Daegi Formation has suffered from hydrothermal activity and increase in whiteness, there is no clear evidence demonstrating the relationship between bleaching and high purity of limestone. The purification of limestone has nothing to do with the hydrothermal activity in this area. Instead, it should be considered that the change of sedimentary environment related to see-level fluctuation which can prevent deposition of pelitic components especially Al 2 O 3 contrbuted to the formation of the high purity limestone in the upper zone of the Daegi Formation. Considering the evidences such as increase in CaO content of limestone by depth, gradual change from calcite to dolomite at the lower zones, and occurring the high purity limestone at the upper zone, the interpretation of sequence stratigraphic aspect to the formation of the high purity Daegi limestone appears to be more suitable than that of hydrothermal alteration origin.

Piaget식(式) 과제수행(課題遂行)과 관련(關聯)된 변인(變因)에 대한 국내논문(國內論文)의 메타 분석(分析)

김덕환 ( Uk Hwan Kim ),김경배 ( Kyeong Bae Kim ),구병두 ( Byung Doo Ku ) 건국대학교 교육연구소 1991 교사와 교육(구 교육논집) Vol.15 No.-

Investigations as recent as those of Cohen and Cohen(1980) Piburn(1977), Maccoby and Jacklin(1974), Ernest (1974), and Thorndike(1973) indicated that males and females have not yet achieved equal competence m academic performance It is understood that the academic performance greartly depends on cognitive development If there are cognitive differences between the sexes and ages, then understanding the process of then development is important One of the most complete and systematic theories of cognitive development that could be addressed in this regard is that of Piaget`s But in his own research Piaget has shown little concern with sex difference It is worthwhile to synthesize the findings of other reseach dealt with Piagetian tests that provide data such difference m performance of school-aged boys and girls The one purpose for this synthesis, thereforre, was to determine the magnitude and direction of gender related differences of performance in Piaget-like tasks, throughout the studies undertaken in Korea The 110 studies were treated here The second purpose for this synthesis was to determine the magnitude and direction of age-related differences by examming such variable as conservation, spatial concept, causality, logical thinking, classification The result of this study was found that there are small sex-related difference(mean Effect Size equals 140) and with the exception of causality these differences tend to favor males m most domains of Piagetian logical functioning In terms of academic achievements, boys outperformed girls One implication based on the findings of our synthesis for the future studies m cognitive functioning appears to be the importance of sample characteristics and the type of the tasks involved m explaining the variation of effect size. The poor quality of many studies and the failure to provide adequate information on sampling procedures and other aspects of experimental design might be responsible for the small effect size A more precise categorization of the studies with respect to quality may in the future studies yield stronger results

지휘자 여자경의 음성 특징 분석

조일영(Il-Yeong Cho),이지연(Ji-Yeoun Lee),정연만(Yeong-Man Jeong),김경배(Kyeong-Bae Kim),조동욱(Dong-Uk Cho) 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.8

"Biscuits"의 재료 배합과 반죽 방법에 따른 부피와 질감에 대한 고찰

김경배,김정현,이경림,황혜진 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1989 婦學 Vol.22 No.-

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of substituting wheat flour with rice flour and naked barley flour and of method of kneading and of additives on quality of biscuits. Biscuits were evaluated by sensory panel. The volum of biscuits were determined by rape see displacement test Biscuits prepared with 20%, 40% rice flour showed lower volume than those prepared with 100% wheat flour. However, there was no significant difference in flavor, tenderness and flakiness comparing with control group. Addition of naked barley flour resulted in lower quality of biscuits in volme, color, flakiness, flavor and tenderness than control group. The kneaded dough mode better biscuits than other groups. As the amount of shortening increased, crust, shape, color, flavor and tenderness of biscuits improved. Addition of egg yolk and sugar improved crust, shape and flavor of biscuits.

가해군(可解群)의 성질에 대하여

김경배 한국수학교육학회 1983 수학교육 Vol.21 No.3

文化的 敎育環境과 學業成就에 관한 考察金璟培

金璟培 漢城大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

(1) Culture is a part of environments therefore culture is in human being life and the circumference of human being is surrounded with the culture of environments while human lives for a long time cultural environment is created by human. In view of education, culture of environment affects human affirmatively, and is external condition which carries out human's behavior. The cultural environment which human needs in behavior, should learn, is knowledge, faith, norm, moral, habit, etc and is internal conditon. Cultural environment is made human inward by education, Human behavior is revealed by cultural environment. (2) In the three theories about educational function, we should make use of three theories together is school education. We should not adapt ourselves to the conservative theory which takes a serious view of the past. We do not lay emphasis on the progressive theory which adapt ourselves to the present social life effectively. It is dangerous to put emphasis on the problem in the future. Culture is changing with the social change, having no connection with school education. The role of school education gives rise to complications in practicing school education, according to the three functions of school education. The whole aims and contents of education should be reappraised through the successive process of the society. In order to solve the problem of the three functions of education, the function of educational role should be enlarged to satisfy the need of times, to create the culture. (3) Cultural change is changed, developed with the innovation, acculuration, diffusion, assimilation, dedulturation. To establish our subjecthood about the cultural change is possible with the eucational development, with the education through the acceptance of culture. The culture change and delay should be solved with the intentional educational function of plan, it needs the affirmative attitude. Education should not be confined to the self-adjustment of cultural change and delay. Education should do its best in the role guiding the cultural change and delay. (4) Culture is in the human's life, it appears with the dynamic, complex state among the time, space, human relation. School education should be selected exactly with the independent, valuable culture, the specific character of school education should be made withit. In the general culture, when school culture which is selected systematically is not satisfied with learner's ability, need, interest, the effect of study falls, the progress of study is impeded. To have an influence on the culture pattern of school is a community culture, parents of student's stratus, occupation, school career, teacher's affiliation, age, sex, ability, a sense of duty, etc. There is a status of the sub-culture in school, on the other side, there is a new state of youth problem. It is hopeful to understand the sub-culture more ideologically than sensually. (5) Human's motivation is complex. The level of the motive is not fixed uniformly in accordance with an individual, but it is different according to the character of school work and the condition of studying. Without the power with the caused motive, the effective learning can not be developed, the effect of studying is not enough. To cause the motive about learning is for a learner to experience some situation repeatedly, to induce the change of the behavior about the situation. To cause the motivation about learning is to operate the power in order to have a fixed aim, direction, strength. McCelland sets up his tweleve theses, brings up his theory about supporting motivation. It is said that for a learner to achieve studying work is the intellectual achievement. The intellectual achievement gets achieved more internal reinforcement than the external reinforcement condition.

Piaget式 課題遂行과 關聯된 變因에 대한 國內 論文의 메타 分析

金億煥,金璟培,具炳斗 建國大學校 敎育硏究所 1991 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Investigations as recent as those of Cohen and Cohen(1980). Piburn(1977), Maccoby and Jacklin(1974), Ernest(1974), and Thorndike(1973) indicated that males and females have not yet achieved equal competence in academic performance. It is understood that the academic performance greartly depends on cognitive development. If there are cognitive differences between the sexes and ages, than understanding the process of their development is important. One of the most complete and systematic theories of cognitive development that could be addressed in this regard is that of Piaget's. But in his own research Piaget has shown little concern with sex difference. It is worthwhile to synthesize the findings of other reseach dealt with Piagetian tests that provide data such difference in performance of school-aged boys and girls. The one purpose for this synthesis, therefore, was to determine the magnitude and direction of gender related differences of performance in Piaget-like tasks, throughout the studies undertaken in Korea. The 110 studies were treated here. The second purpose for this synthesis was to determine the magnitude and direction of age-related differences by examming such variable as conservation, spatial concept, causality, logical thinking, classification. The result of this study was found that there are small sex-related difference(mean Effect Size equals. 140) and with the exception of causality these differences tend to favor males in most domains of Piagetian logical functioning. In terms of academic achievements, boys outperformed girls. One implication based on the findings of our synthesis for the future studies in cognitive functioning appears to be the importance of sample characteristics and the type of the tasks involved in explaining the variation of effect size. The poor quality of many studies and the failure to provide adequate information on sampling procedures and other aspects of experimental design might be responsible for the small effect size. A more precise categorization of the studies with respect to quality may in the future studies yield stronger results.