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문헌조사에 기반한 OWAS, RULA 및 REBA의 연구 현황 및 비교
기도형,Kee, Dohyung 대한안전경영과학회 2021 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.23 No.2
This study aims to review observational methods for assessing postural loads such as OWAS, RULA and REBA, and to compare them, based on the literature survey. The literature was searched through academic database of ScienceDirect using the key words of observational methods, OWAS, RULA and REBA. The results exhibited that of the thee methods, RULA was cited in the literature and applied to manufacturing industries the most frequently. Although it has been known that RULA is appropriate for assessing upper body postures, it has been applied to healthcare and social work activities, agriculture, forestry, fishing, construction, mining and quarrying, which require unstable lower limb postures. The countries where more number of relevant studies have been carried out were USA, India, Brazil, UK, etc. It was recommended that of the three techniques, RULA may be better for assessing postural loads, because it evaluated postural loads more highly, irrespective of industry, work type and lower limb postures, and its assessment results had higher agreement rate with experts' assessments than those of OWAS and REBA. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as a guideline for selecting an appropriate observational method.
우리나라 대기업 제조업 교대근무제의 인간공학적 평가 및 개선 방안
기도형(Dohyung Kee),김현주(Hyunjoo Kim) 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.6
Objective: The aims of this study are to survey shiftwork systems performed in large scale manufacturing enterprises of Korea, to evaluate the shift systems from the ergonomics viewpoint, and to propose some measures for improving the shift systems. Background: Existing studies on the shiftwork systems have focused on health effects such as cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic syndrome, psychological well-being, sleep, etc., and occupational accidents. Although the shift systems should be ergonomically designed in order to reduce effects on health, circadian rhythm, sleep, accidents, etc., there has been no research on ergonomic evaluation for the shift systems performed in Korea. Method: The shiftwork systems were surveyed for ten large manufacturing companies (three electronics, three automotive, two chemical and two steel companies) through personal communication, literature survey, search through portal web sites and Apps. Ergonomic evaluations for the ten companies’ shift systems were conducted by 16 ergonomic recommendations proposed by Knauth (1997), Knauth and Hornberger (2003). Results: The results showed that the shift system of 3 team 3 shift without periodic duty-off days was still adopted in an electronics manufacturing company. The shift cycles for most companies surveyed were longer than four days, which resulted in slow rotation with four or more days’ consecutive duty-on days. Four-out-of-ten companies investigated did not adopt the forward rotation ergonomically recommended, but the direction of rotation such as morning-night-evening. In addition, except for three automotive companies, seven companies violated ergonomic recommendations of avoiding work on weekends or having some free weekends with at least two consecutive days off. Based on these results, two alternatives with periodic days off on weekend and forward rotation were proposed. Conclusion: The shift systems for the ten companies have several problems in light of existing ergonomics recommendations. Application: The results of this study might help to improve the current shift systems performed in companies of Korea.
지각 불편도에 근거한 복합 몸통 동작 분류 체계 - 굴곡/신전 및 회전
기도형(Dohyung Kee) 대한인간공학회 2020 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.39 No.1
Objective: This study aims to investigate effects of complex trunk motions including flexion/extension and rotation, and external load on perceived discomfort, and to develop a new load classification scheme for complex trunk motion and external load based on the perceived discomfort. Background: For preventing low back pain, postural stress for low back or trunk motions should be quantified. The posture classification schemes such as RULA, REBA frequently used in industrial sites classify trunk motions into 4 or 6 categories according to motions of flexion and extension, and simply add 1 to their corresponding postural stress scores if the trunk is twisted or laterally bended. This is very simple to assess complex trunk motions, but results in inaccurate trunk motion stress. Method: An experiment for measuring perceived discomfort according to complex trunk motions and external load was conducted, in which trunk motions of flexion/extension and rotation, and external load were used as independent variables. Discomfort according to complex trunk motion and external load was measured by using the Borg CR10. Sixteen healthy male college students without histories of musculoskeletal disorders participated in the experiment, whose demographic data were as follows: Age - 23.7 ± 0.60 years; Stature - 174.1 ± 4.67cm; Body weight - 67.4 ± 6.82kg. Results: ANOVA showed that single factors of flexion/extension, rotation, and external load affected significantly on the discomfort at α = 0.01. The effect of external load was much larger, while the effects of flexion/extension and rotation were smaller and similar. Based on the experimental results, a new classification scheme quantifying effects of external load as well as complex trunk motions was developed and validated. Conclusion: This study investigated effects of complex trunk motions including flexion/extension and rotation, and external load on perceived discomfort, and developed a new classification scheme of complex trunk motion and external load. Application: The results of this study will help to more precisely assess postural load according to complex trunk motions and external load.