목초탄 처리에 의한 밤 재배지 토양 변화

구교상(Kyo-Sang Koo),조성택(Sung-Taig Cho),조태수(Tae-Su Jo),안병준(Byoung-Jun Ahn),이천용(Chung-Yong Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2002 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2002 No.10

대구 팔공산 지역의 소나무 수관층 연료 특성

구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),이병두 ( Byung Doo Lee ),원명수 ( Myoung Soo Won ),이명보 ( Myung Bo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.1

목초탄 쳐리에 의한 밤 재배지 토양 변화

구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),조성택 ( Sung Taig Cho ),조태수 ( Tse Su Jo ),안병준 ( Byoung Jun Ahn ),이천용 ( Chung Yong Lee ) 한국토양비료학회 2002 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2002 No.1

입산통제구역 지정 및 운영에 대한 등산객 인식조사

구교상(Kyo-Sang Koo),이명보(Myung-Bo Lee),이병두(Byung-doo Lee),정성철(Sung-Cheol Jung),김범수(Bum-Soo Kim),한상열(Sang-Yoel Han),이민하(Min-Ha Lee) 한국산림휴양학회 2010 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 현행 4단계의 산불방지정책이 시행된 이후, 산불위험지역에 대한 입산통제 및 등산로 폐쇄에 대한 등산객의 인식조사를 통하여 입산통제 구역 등급 구분의 효과성을 파악하고, 산불방지에 있어서 요구되는 정책적 수단에 대하여 제안하였다. 대부분의 등산객들은 현재 산불조심기간동안 산불재난 위기경보 단계에 따라 입산통제구역 및 등산로 노선 폐쇄 정책에 대하여 잘 알고 있으며, 이를 수용하려는 인식이 지배적이다. 또한, 현행제도(입산통제구역 및 등산로 폐쇄)를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타나, 현행 제도에 대한 불만은 심각한 수준이 아닌 것으로 판단되었다. 현행 입산통제구역 및 등산로 폐쇄 제도는 구역과 등산로로 대별되어 있으나, 산불조심기간 동안에는 면적 개념인 구역 보다는 선형 개념인 등산로가 효과적인 통제수단이므로, 구역은 전면폐쇄하고 등산로만 부분 통제하는 단순화된 기준안을 검토해 볼 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다. This study was the research of climbers’ realization about the restricted area of mountain and closing trail, after enforcing the policy of forest-fire prevention in four stages. It offers a suggestion about the effect of classifying restricted areas and demanded forest-fire prevention in policies. As a result, the majority of the climbers have a proper understanding of current forest-fire policies and get ready to receive. Also, since they prefer to the current policies the most, it is judged that the level of complaints about forest fire policies is not as serious as we thought. Even though the present policy about the restricted area of mountain and closing trail classify the district and trail, it is worth considering the simplified standard proposal that the district would be closed entirely and the trail would be partly restricted because the trail which is the linear concept is more effective controlling means rather than the districts which is the areal concept.

동해안 산불피해지 복구를 위한 산림생산력의 추정

구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),이명종 ( Myung Jong Lee ),신만용 ( Man Yong Shin ) 한국농림기상학회 2010 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.12 No.1

In order to rehabilitate forest sites damaged by wildfire via natural or artificial restoration, it is important to determine right tree species, which can acclimate to biogeoclimatic environment at the sites. The objectives of this study were to develop site index equation of different tree species for estimating forest productivity and to provide information on species selection for post-wildfire restoration. Site index equation was developed based on environmental information from wildfire damaged areas in Gangneung, Goseong, Donghae, and Samcheok, where were located in east coastal areas of South Korea. Despite the small numbers (4~5) of environmental variables used for the development of the site index equations, statistical analysis (e.g. mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference) showed relatively low bias and variation, suggesting that those equations can provide relatively high capability of estimation and practical applicability with high effectiveness. The small numbers of the variables enabled the model to be applied in a wide range of usages including determination of appropriate tree species for post-wildfire restoration. The estimation of forest site productivity showed the possibility of large distribution in east coastal region as the best site for Korean ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla) and original oak (Quercus variabilis) that can be used for firebreak in the region. These results imply that damages by forest fire can be reduced significantly by replacing existing pure coniferous forests in the area with ones dominated by broadleaved deciduous stands, which can play an important role as fire break and/or prevent a transition from surface fire to crown fire.

복강경하 담낭절제술을 받는 심질환 노인에서 역 Trendelenburg체위가 혈역학에 미치는 영향

김교상 ( Kyo Sang Kim ),이시민 ( Si Min Yi ),전종헌 ( Jong Hun Jun ),정미애 ( Mi Ae Cheong ),구민석 ( Min Seok Koo ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.56 No.4

Background: We studied the hemodynamic changes induced by pneumoperitoneum and a reversed Trendelenburg in elderly patients with increased cardiac risk (ASA class III; n=30; age 70.8±4.9 years, mean±SD) and compared the results with elderly patients at normal risk (ASA class II; n=30; age 69.2±4.1 years) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: The transesophageal Doppler monitor was performed after induction of general anesthesia (pre-incision), after onset of pneumoperitoneum (insufflation), after head-up (20°) and a left lateral tilt (15°) (reversed Trendelenburg) and after deflation and horizontal position (desufflation). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were measured, respectively. Results: Induction of pneumoperitoneum and head-up tilt in patients with cardiac risk resulted significantly in a decrease in CI and an increase in SVR compared with patients with normal risk (P<0.05), and that remained until deflation, but no interval changes in MAP and heart rate. The CI, MAP and heart rate decreased and SVR increased significantly in patients with cardiac risk compared with patients with normal risk before incision (P<0.05). No complications occurred. The results indicate that pneumoperitoneum and a reversed Trendelenburg are associated with significant but relatively benign hemodynamic changes. Conclusions: Anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients with increased cardiac risk should be performed with an adequate hemodynamic monitoring. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009;56:398~402)

Landsat NBR지수를 이용한 대형산불 피해지 구분 및 피해강도의 정량적 분석

원명수,구교상,이명보,Won,Myoung-Soo,Koo,Kyo-Sang,Lee,Myung-Bo 한국방재학회 2007 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.1

To monitor process of vegetation rehabilitation at the damaged area after large-fire is required a lot of manpowers and budgets. However the analysis of vegetation recovery using satellite imagery can be obtaining rapid and objective result remotely in the large damaged area. Space and airbone sensors have been used to map area burned, assess characteristics of active fires, and characterize post-fire ecological effects. Burn severity incorporates both short- and long-term post-fire effects on the local and regional environment. Burn severity is defined by the degree to which an ecosystem has changed owing to the fire. To classify fire damaged area and analyze burn severity of Samcheok fire area occurred in 2000, Cheongyang fire 2002, and Yangyang fire 2005 was utilized Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. Therefore the objective of the present paper is to quantitatively classify fire damaged area and analyze burn severity using normalized burn index(NBR) of pre- and post-fire`s Landsat satellite imagery.

논문 : 강원도 양양지역 소나무림의 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 관한 연구

김성용 ( Sung Yong Kim ),이영진 ( Young Jin Lee ),장미나 ( Mi Na Jang ),서연옥 ( Yeon Ok Seo ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),정성철 ( Sung Cheol Jung ),김경하 ( Kyung Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 강원도 양양지역에 분포하는 소나무림을 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 양양군 현남면 하월천리 일대 소나무림으로 선정하였으며, 총 13본의 표본목을 벌채하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 양양지역 소나무림의 줄기밀도(g·cm-3)는 0.347~0.409, 지상부 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.251~1.419의 범위로 나타났다. 지상부 연료량은 총 161.6 Mg·ha-1로 나타났으며, 줄기 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 가지 29.3 Mg·ha-1, 잎 5.9 Mg·ha-1로 나타났다. 수관층 연료특성 인자에 관한 연구에서는 수관화 확산 시 연소될 수 있는 연소가능 연료(잎~1 cm이하 가지)의 비율은 45.2%로 나타났고, 연료량을 수관체적으로 나눈 연소가능 연료밀도(kg·m-3)는 평균 0.178로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 소나무림의 바이오매스 및 탄소 흡수량 추정과 수관화 위험성을 연료적 관점에서 평가하는데 있어 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the above-ground biomass and crown fuel characteristics of Pinus densiflora stands in Yangyang, Gangwon province. A total of thirteen representative trees were destructively sampled in Yangyang region. The results showed that the stem density (g·cm-3) was 0.347~0.409, whereas the above-ground biomass expansion factors ranged from 1.251~1.419. In terms of crown fuel biomass, the above-ground biomass was 161.6 Mg·ha-1 while the stem biomass, branch biomass and needle biomass were 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 29.3 Mg·ha-1 and 5.9 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Needles and twigs with less than 1 cm diameter accounted 45.2% of the total crown fuel load. The available crown bulk density, which was calculated by dividing the crown fuel load to the crown volume, was 0.178 kg·m-3. The results of this study on the biomass and carbon stocks estimation of the Pinus densiflora together with the crown fire hazard assessment based on crown fuel loads are very significant information for the forest managers.

해안 곰솔림 내 아까시나무의 분포확대 억제요인

정성철 ( Sung Cheol Jung ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),김경하 ( Kyong Ha Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2011 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.25 No.5

본 연구는 해안 곰솔림에 생육하고 있는 아까시나무의 분포특성을 결정하는 요인을 구명하기 위하여 아까시나무의 생장특성과 임내 환경을 조사 분석하였다. 해안 곰솔림 내에 분포하고 있는 아까시나무의 분포확대 억제요인을 분석한 결과, 염분농도가 높은 0m 지점에서 잎의 갈변, 위조, 조기낙엽 현상이 나타나 염분이 아까시나무의 생장억제에 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로 추정되었다. 그러나 토양특성과 광환경은 식재지점간의 차이는 나타나지 않아 아까시나무의 생장에 있어 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 해안측에 생장하고 있는 아까시나무의 수평근 연륜분석결과, 2년생 개체의 근주에서 0.1~0.2m 떨어진 수평근 연륜에서도 1년 밖에 형성되지 않아 아까시나무의 수평근으로 영양공급이 충분하게 이루어지지 않아 수평근의 신장을 억제하는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 새로운 수평근의 신장과 개체의 신생이 이루어지지 않아 해안측으로 아까시나무의 분포확대가 억제되는 것으로 사료되었다. The objectives of this study were to analyze environment in the forest and growth characteristics for investigating the characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia distribution in a Pinus thunbergii forest at the coast. As a result of analyzing inhibitory factors of Robinia pseudoacacia distribution in a Pinus thunbergii forest at the coast, it is considered that the salt level included in a sea wind is supposed to be the primary factor of the slow growth for Robinia pseudoacacia since brown leaves, wilting and early leaf fall have appeared in the 0m spot from the artificial dune which has the high salt level. However, the soil properties and light environment hardly have a effect on the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia because there is no difference among planting places. Also, the growth ring of the horizontal root in 2year individuals 0.1~0.2m away from the dune have been formed for 1 year only as a consequence of analyzing growth rings of Robinia pseudoacacia growing on the coast. It can be infered that the nourishment of the horizontal root from individuals growing on the coast have been provided for the first 1 year only. It is estimated that, in case of the nearby areas on the coast, it is not enough to provided nourishment to the horizontal root due to obstructing the growth of new individuals by a sea wind, so the growth of the horizontal root would be hampered. Therefore, it is considered that impedient Robinia pseudoacacia distribution in a Pinus thunbergii forest at the coast is caused by making no growth of new horizontal roots and newborn individuals.

울릉도 해송림 지역의 생태관광 자원화를 위한 군집구조 분석

정성철(Sung-Cheol Jung),구교상(Kyo-Sang Koo),김용걸(Yong-Geol Kim),허태철(Tae-Chul Hur),주성현(Sung-Hyun Joo) 한국산림휴양학회 2010 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 울릉도 해송림의 생물종 다양성 보존과 생태관광 자원화를 위한 생태적 자료를 제공하고자 해송림의 식생구조를 분석하였다. 울릉도 해송림의 Cluster 분석 결과 해송-섬피나무림(군집 A), 해송-섬벚나무림(군집 B), 해송 우점림(군집 C)의 3개 군집으로 분류되었다. 수종간 상관관계에서는 섬벚나무는 섬단풍, 마가목은 섬피나무, 섬단풍은 섬피나무, 우산고로쇠는 삼나무, 섬피나무는 쪽동백 등의 수종들 간에는 높은 정의 상관관계가 나타났으며, 해송과 동백나무는 약한 부의 상관관계가 나타났다. 군집별 목본식물의 종다양성은 군집 A에서는 1.1811, 군집 B는 1.2202, 군집 C는 0.8713으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to provide ecological resources which is need for species diversity, ecotourism resource at Pinus thunbergii Forest in Ulleung-do. As a result of analyzing 31 clusters of Pinus thunbergii Forest, it was classified as three groups- Pinus thunbergii-Tilia insularis community (A), Pinus thunbergii-Prunus takesimensis community (B) and Pinus thunbergii community (C). High positive correlations were proved between Prunus takesimensis and Acer takesimense, Sorbus commixta and Tilia insularis, Acer takesimense and Tilia insularis, Acer okamotoanum and Cryptomeria japonica, Tilia insularis and Styrax obassia, and relatively weak negative correlations were proved between Pinus thunbergii and Camellia japonica. The species diversity of the woody plant by communities showed that community A was 1.1811, community B was 1.2202 and community C was 0.8713.