조생종 벼의 평야지 재배에 따른 등숙 온도 차이에 의한 전분구조 및 종자 저장단백질 특성 연구

곽지은,이점식,원용재,박향미,곽강수,김미정,이춘기,김선림,윤미라,Kwak, Jieun,Lee, Jeom-Sig,Won, Yong-Jae,Park, Hyang-Mee,Kwak, Kang-Su,Kim, Mi-Jung,Lee, Choon-Ki,Kim, Sun-Lim,Yoon, Mi-Ra 한국작물학회 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.2

This study was performed to understand the effects of filling stage temperature on the characteristics of starch and storage protein and the quality of rice grains. Eight early maturing rice varieties were cultivated in Cheolweon (latitude $38^{\circ}15^{\prime}N$) and Suwon (latitude $37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$) areas in Korea. Rice grown in Suwon, with relatively high ripening period temperatures, showed significantly reduced head rice ratio and eating qualities, higher protein and lower amylose contents than rice grown in Cheolweon. In rice that ripened under high temperature conditions, the starch contained significantly less short-chain amylopectin (DP < 12) but more intermediate- (DP 13-24) and long- (DP > 25) chain amlylopectin compared to rice that ripened under normal conditions. In addition, the electrophoretic pattern of rice storage protein under high- temperature conditions revealed decreased prolamin and increased glutelin contents.

고식이섬유 쌀 품종을 이용한 막걸리의 품질 특성

곽지은,이정희,김혜원,이점식,천아름,윤미라,오세관,장재기,김보경,Kwak, Jieun,Lee, Jeong-Heui,Kim, Hye-Won,Lee, Jeom-Sig,Chun, Areum,Yoon, Mi-Ra,Oh, Sea-Kwan,Chang, Jaeki,Kim, Bo-Kyeong 한국식품영양학회 2014 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

Goami2, Goami3 and Goami4 were identified as fiber-rich rice cultivars which were developed by mutation breeding with Ilpum. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for producing Makgeolli with the fiber-rich rice cultivars, Goami2, Goami3, Goami4, and to investigate the characteristics of Makgeolli during the fermentation process. Makgeolli was produced herein by fermentation steamed rice (SR), raw rice flour (RF), and steamed rice flour (SF) from Goami2, Goami3, Goami4, Ilpum and Sealgaeng rice cultivars. The physicochemical characteristics including alcohol and sugar content, pH, total acidity, TDF (total dietary fiber), and color of the Makgeolli samples were analyzed. Makgeolli produced with Ilpum and Sealgaeng showed satisfactory fermention characteristics in alcohol and sugar content when SR, RF and SF were used. In the case of Goami2, Goami3, and Goami4, the use of SF resulted in 17.2~20.1% alcohol content, whereas only 10% alcohol was produced by SR. The sugar contents in the SF-makgeolli samples were also higher ($9{\sim}10^{\circ}Brix$) than in the SR-makgeolli ($5.35{\sim}5.44^{\circ}Brix$) for Goami2 and Goami4 cultivars. The dietary fiber contents of the Makgeolli samples produced using SF from the fiber-rich rice cultivars were higher (1.35~1.52 g/100 mL) than those produced with Ilpum and Sealgaeng (0.74~0.87 g/100 mL). From these results, it may be suggested that SF would be an appropriate material to brew Makgeolli using fiber-rich rice cultivars to obtain better physicochemical and functional qualities.

저장에 따른 생태형별 현미의 발아율과 지질 성분의 변화

곽지은,이점식,윤미라,김인환,이정희,김미정,이춘기,김보경,김욱한,Kwak, Jieun,Lee, Jeom-Sig,Yoon, Mi-Ra,Kim, In-Hwan,Lee, Jeong-Heui,Kim, Mi-Jung,Lee, Choon-Ki,Kim, Bo-Kyeong,Kim, Wook-Han 한국식품영양학회 2015 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

토콜즈(tocols) 이성질체 조성이 서로 다른 자포니카와 통일형 품종을 이용하여 저장기간에 따른 지질 관련 품질의 변화를 살펴보았다. 자포니카와 통일형 품종의 현미를 $35^{\circ}C$, 습도 80%에서 8주간 저장하며, 2주 간격으로 품질 변화를 분석한 결과, 자포니카 품종들의 발아율은 저장 초기 98.0%에서 저장 8주 후 22.4%까지 감소한 데 반해, 통일형 품종들은 저장 초기 93.3%에서 8주 후 59.7%로 감소해 통일형 품종의 발아율 감소율이 2배 이상 낮았고, 쌀의 저장 중의 산패 정도를 나타내는 지방산가 또한 통일형 품종에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 발아율 및 지방산가는 쌀의 저장 중 품질 저하를 판단하는 주요 기준이며, 본 실험을 통해 통일형 벼 품종이 자포니카 품종에 비해 저장에 따른 품질 저하 속도가 늦다는 사실을 확인하였다. 통일형 벼는 토코페롤 대비 토코트리에놀 함량이 높고, 특히 지질 안정성 및 지질의 산화 억제 효과가 뛰어난 ${\gamma}$-토코트리에놀의 함량이 높은 지질 특징을 지니고 있어, 벼 저장 중의 지질 산패 지연에 관여하였을 것으로 추측된다. 그러나 벼의 저장성과 관련된 명확한 성분 구명을 위해서는 자포니카와 통일형의 토콜즈(tocols) 조성 혼합물을 이용한 저장 실험이 추가로 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. The objective of this study was to determine quality changes in seed germination rates and lipid components in Japonica and Tongil (indica/japonica) type brown rices with different tocol composition during storage. Moisture content, seed germination rate, crude lipid content, fat acidity, tocol content, free fatty acid composition of brown rice and pH of milled rice were measured to evaluate their quality after storage. Seed germination rates of stored Japonica and Tongil type brown rices were decreased by 22.4% and 59.7%, respectively, after 8 weeks of storage. The fat acidity of Japonica rice was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of Tongil type brown rices after storage. The major tocol homologue of Tongil type was ${\gamma}-tocotrienol$, whereas, major tocol homologues of Japonica brown rices were ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and ${\alpha}-tocotrienol$ throughout the entire storage period.

Taste Sensing System을 이용한 밥맛 측정

곽지은 ( Jieun Kwak ),이점식 ( Jeom Sig Lee ),윤미라 ( Mi Ra Yoon ),천아름 ( Areum Chun ),이춘기 ( Choon Ki Lee ),김욱한 ( Wook Han Kim ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2015 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the taste of cooked rice with taste sensing system. TS-5000Z with a sensing unit were examined with 6 rice cultivars (Chucheong, Daecheong, Dasan, Gopum, Hanareum, and Samkwang) having different eating quality. The taste sensing system consists of artificial lipid membrane sensor probes of sourness, acidic bitterness, astringency, umami, saltiness, and sweetness (CA0, C00, AE1, AAE, CT0, and GL1, respectively). The 6 rice cultivars were categorized with 3 groups (good taste, moderate taste, bad taste) through sensory evaluation by trained panels. Taste sensing tests showed that the higher acceptability of taste sensory evaluation in bitterness, umami, and sweetness on cooked rice. Based on these results, taste sensing system could be applied to establishment of taste sensory evaluation for cooked rice cultivars.

팔방미 건식 쌀가루 입자크기에 따른 쌀국수 품질 특성

곽지은 ( Jieun Kwak ),김미정 ( Mi Jung Kim ),박혜영 ( Hye-young Park ),심은영 ( Eun-yeong Sim ),천아름 ( Areum Chun ),최인덕 ( In Duck Choi ),오유근 ( You Geun Oh ),이춘기 ( Choon-ki Lee ),전용희 ( Yong-hee Jeon ),구본철 ( Bon Che 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2021 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.37 No.3

Purpose: This study investigated the quality characteristics of extruded rice noodles, by comparing the different particle size of the high-amylose rice cultivar (range, < 75 μm, 75∼150 μm, >150 μm). Methods: We analyzed the main physicochemical, hydration, and starch gelatinization properties of rice flours based on the particle size. Furthermore, the cooking quality and textural profiles of rice noodles were also compared by particle size. Results: The smaller particle size rice flour showed lower starch gelatinization temperature, but higher breakdown, peak, trough, final viscosity, and water hydration properties. In addition, the cooking loss rate and the cooked water turbidity of rice noodles were both significantly lower when smaller size rice flour was used. Conclusion: This study compares the quality characteristics of rice noodles according to the particle size of the high- amylose rice cultivar. Water absorption index, water solubility, and swelling power of rice flour showed a distinct negative correlation with the cooking loss rate of noodles.

컵 배열 순위법의 식미 관능평가 척도 범위 설정

곽지은(Jieun Kwak),윤미라(Mi-Ra Yoon),이정희(Jeong-Heui Lee),박향미(Hyang-Mee Park),원용재(Yong-Jae Won),이춘기(Choon-Ki Lee),이점식(Jeom-Sig Lee) 한국육종학회 2016 한국육종학회지 Vol.48 No.3

Cup arrangement ranking method (CARM) is a method for a rapid and small-sample sensory evaluation of cooked rice in rice breeding program. This study was compared to four different scale ranges (1~11, 1~9, 1~7 and 1~5) for improving the efficiency of CARM using sixteen Japonica and four Tongil-type cultivars. The wide scale ranges were higher of that than narrow scale range on determination coefficient between standard sensory evaluation method (SSEM) and CARM. However, the wide scale ranges were required more time and efforts than those of the narrow scale ranges for eating sensory evaluation of cooked rice. The wide scale ranges of 1~11 and 1~9 were difficult to distinguish the differences between the cultivars in the scale 3 and 4. On the other hand, the narrow scale ranges of 1~7 and 1~5 could distinguish the difference between cultivars in all scales. We suggest that two scale ranges for CARM were 1~7 (7 classes) in including Tongil type cultivars and 1~5 (5 classes) in Japonica cultivars.

열처리 온도에 따른 현미 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 성분 및 활성 변화

곽지은(Jieun Kwak),오세관(Sea-Kwan Oh),김대중(Dae-Jung Kim),이정희(Jeong-Heui Lee),윤미라(Mi-Ra Yoon),김혜원(Hye-Won Kim),이점식(Jeom-Sig Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.4

본 연구는 일반벼에 비하여 폴리페놀 함량이 뛰어나고 항산화력이 우수한 품종인 홍진주벼와 흑광벼의 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화력 향상을 위한 열처리법 개발을 위하여 수행되었으며, 우수한 생리활성을 가지고 있는 큰눈벼와 대조품종인 화성벼를 함께 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과 홍진주벼의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 60℃의 열처리 조건에서 6.50±0.32 mg GAE/g(대조군의 약 23%)으로 가장 높았고, 흑광벼는 40℃와 180℃의 열처리 조건에서 각각 6.57 mg GAE/g(대조군의 약 14%)과 6.89 mg GAE/g(대조군의 약 20%)의 높은 총 폴리페놀의 함량을 나타내었다. 또한 열처리를 실시한 시료에 대한 총 플라보노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성의 변화는 상관관계 분석에 있어서도 총 폴리페놀 함량 분석 결과와 상당히 높은 상관관계를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 지금까지의 많은 연구결과에 따르면 열처리에 따른 반응은 식물의 종류 및 열처리 방법에 따라 상당히 큰 차이를 나타내므로 본 실험에서 사용한 열처리 방법을 통하여 홍진주벼 및 흑광벼의 항산화력이 상당히 증가되었던 연구 결과는 매우 의미 있는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 향후 본 실험에서 확인된 열처리 효과를 바탕으로 다양한 열처리 방식, 온도 및 열처리 시간에 대한 연구를 추가적으로 진행한다면 더욱 효율적으로 유리형의 폴리페놀 함량을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 이러한 결과를 통해 유색미를 식품산업에 이용할 수 있는 다양한 방안을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. In the present study, the effects of heat treatments on the phenolic components and antioxidative activities of various rice cultivars (from Hwaseongbyeo, Keunnunbyeo, Hongjinjubyeo, and Heugkwangbyeo) were investigated. Each brown rice cultivar was heated at six temperatures (40, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180℃) for 15 min. The total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of 70% ethanol extracts from heated brown rice were quantified using spectrophotometrical methods, and antioxidant activities determined using DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power. Hongjinjubyeo had the highest TPC (6.50 mg GAE/g, DB) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (5.85 AAE/g, DB) at 60℃. Also, Heugkwangbyeo showed considerable values for TPC (6.57 and 6.89 mg GAE/g, DB) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (6.29 and 6.11 AAE/g, DB) at 40℃ and 180℃, respectively. Overall, the antioxidant activities of both Hongjinjubyeo and Heugkwangbyeo extracts had a strong positive correlation (R2≥0.916, α=0.01) with TPC and TFC. These results indicate that heat treatment effectively enhances the antioxidant activity of Hongjinjubyeo and Heugkwangbyeo.

팥의 가속화 저장에 따른 미세구조 및 수분흡수 특성

곽지은(Jieun Kwak),오선민(Seon-Min Oh),오유근(You-Geun Oh),최유찬(Yu-Chan Choi),박현진(Hyun-Jin Park),송석보(Suk-Bo Song),이정희(Jeong-Heui Lee),이점식(Jeom-Sig Lee) 한국작물학회 2023 한국작물학회지 Vol.68 No.3

팥 종실은 평형수분함량에 도달하는데 30시간 내외의 긴시간이 소요되어 팥 이용 측면에서 주요 제한 인자로 작용한다. 따라서 수분흡수 특성 연구는 팥의 이용성 증진을 위한 중요한 분야이다. 본 연구는 국내산 팥의 가속화 저장에따른 미세구조 및 수분흡수 특성을 분석하여 수침 시간 단축을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 팥의 저장은 대조구(control)인 저온(4°C), 상온(25°C) 및 가속화 고온(45°C)의 세 조건에서 3개월 동안 수행하였다. 1. 발아율, 지방산가, 적색도(a*) 및 황색도(b*) 값은 저장전 대비 3개월 후, 대조구(control)인 저온(4°C) 저장 팥은 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 가속화 고온(45°C)에서는통계적인 유의차를 보였다. 특히 가속화 고온(45°C) 조건에서 3개월 동안 저장한 팥은 발아율이 0%까지 감소하고, 지방산가는 초기 10.43 mg KOH/100 g에서 33.63 mg KOH/100 g까지 증가하는 등 품질 저하가 유의적으로 일어났다. 2. 저장 3개월 후, 종실의 배꼽, 종피, 자엽의 미세구조를전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 가속화 고온(45°C) 조건에서만 배꼽의 구멍과 찢어진 틈 등의 손상이 있었고, 종피와 자엽 사이의 틈이 벌어지는 변화가 있었으나 자엽자체의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 3. 저장 온도별 3개월 저장 시료를 대상으로 수분흡수 kinetic 을 분석한 결과, 대조구(control)인 저온 조건(4°C) 대비가속화 고온(45°C)에서는 팥 종실의 평형수분함량은 낮았으나, 평형수분함량의 50%에 도달하는 시간은 짧고, 수분흡수 속도는 빨랐다. 4. 팥의 수분흡수 특성은 종실의 미세구조 특성과 밀접한관계가 있는 것으로 해석되며, 가속화 고온(45°C) 조건의 저장 팥에서 관찰되는 배꼽의 구멍 및 손상, 종피와자엽 사이의 틈 등 미세구조의 변화가 수분흡수 시간과속도를 단축시킨 것으로 생각된다. 다만, 미세구조의 변화와 평형수분함량과의 관계는 명확한 설명이 되지 않아 이와 관련된 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 고찰되었다. This study investigated the microstructure and water absorption characteristics of the Korean adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) cultivar under accelerated storage. The germination rate, acid value, redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values showed no significant differences after three months of storage compared to pre-storage under low temperatures (4°C). However, a statistically significant difference was observed under accelerated high temperatures (45°C). In particular, after storage for three months, the germination rate and acid value were 0% and 33.63 mg KOH/100g, respectively, under accelerated high temperatures. After storage for three months, the holes, hilum damage, and spaces between the seed coat and cotyledon shortened the time and speed of water absorption under accelerated high temperatures compared to that under low temperatures. Conversely, further research is required to investigate the reason for the low rate of parallel water absorption.

소량의 쌀 시료로 신속한 식미 관능평가를 위한 컵 배열 순위법

이점식(Jeom-Sig Lee),곽지은(Jieun Kwak),윤미라(Mi-Ra Yoon),이정희(Jeong-Heui Lee),안억근(Eok-Keun Ahn),박향미(Hyang-Mee Park),원용재(Yong-Jae Won),손지영(Ji Young Shon),김준환(Jun Hwan Kim),서정필(Jung-Pil Suh),천아름(Areum-Chun),전재범 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Rice breeders or sensory evaluators are striving to develop the rapid and correct sensory evaluation method of the cooked rice with a small-sample. This study was conducted to develop a method of cooking condition and sensory evaluation of the cooked rice rapidly and correctly with a small-sample by introducing a concept of arrangement ranking to the conventional sensory evaluation method by cooking in the cup, which has been used only as a simple test. A method of simultaneous cooking of the five samples for one round of test was developed. And, an arrangement ranking method was developed just like stacking a tower by arranging the cups in the sensory evaluation. The proposed method was named as cup arrangement ranking method. The correlation analysis between the cup arrangement ranking method (CARM) and the standard sensory evaluation method(SSEM) showed a high significance of correlation (r=0.83**∼0.91**, ‘13∼’14). Further, when effectiveness of proposed method was compared with the standard sensory evaluation method, the sample quantity was a 30g level for one round of test, which is a tenth of SSEM. The time consumed for sensory evaluation was two minutes per one sample, which was a reduced value by half as compared with the time consumption by SSEM. Therefore, the cup arrangement ranking is expected to be an effective method in the selection of excellent rice line or variety having good taste by evaluating the cooking quality rapidly with a small-sample in early generation.

마이크로웨이브 레인지 재가열 후 최적 특성을 갖는 쌀죽 제조조건

박혜영,김현주,심은영,곽지은,천아름,조영제,우관식,김미정,Park, Hye-Young,Kim, Hyun-Joo,Sim, Eun-Yeong,Kwak, Jieun,Chun, Areum,Jo, Youngje,Woo, Koan Sik,Kim, Mi Jung 한국식품영양학회 2020 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

The purpose of this study was to derive the conditions for manufacturing rice porridge with optimum properties after reheating. The characteristics of rice porridge according to the soaking time, water addition rate, heating temperature, heating time, and cooling conditions were compared using the 'Samkwang' cultivar. In Step I, as the heating temperature increased, the weight change decreased and the viscosity increased, and the temperature known as the main factor of the gelatinization also appeared to affect the viscosity increase. In Step II, the viscosity and the texture properties was not significantly different as the soaking time was reduced, and 10 minutes was suitable because of due to the shortening effect of the total process time. In Step III, the residual heat was lowered by cooling after the rice porridge production, so the viscosity could be greatly reduced. Also, it was confirmed that the water addition rate of 900% and the heating temperature of 15 minutes were optimal manufacturing conditions. The next study will investigate the porridge processability of rice cultivars using these results.