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초미립 Mn<sub>x</sub>Zn<sub>1-x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(x = 0.69~0.74)분말의 제조 및 자기적 성질
곽재은,이완재,Kwak, Jae-Eun,Lee, Wan-Jae 한국분말야금학회 2002 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.9 No.6
$MnxZn_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ (x=0.69~0.74) powders synthesized by the thermal decomposition of organic acid salts. The obtained powders were uniform in composition and ultra-fine particle with about 400 nm. The amount of spinel phase of these powders was about 50% in X-ray diffraction patterns. The calcination of powder was carried out at $900^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in air. After the powders were calcined. the mean size of powder was about 500 nm and the amount of spinel phase was increased over about 65%. The maximum amount of spinel phase was about 75% in the specimen of X=0.72. The magnetic properties of calcined $Mn_{0.72}Zn_{0.28}Fe_2O_4$ powders were the best among the different among the different compositions.
김봉구,조용성,곽재은,Kim, Bong-Koo,Cho, Yongsung,Kwak, Jae Eun 한국환경경제학회 2001 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.10 No.3
The water quality of Paldang reservoir now grades the third class water based on COD criterion, meaning that it is no longer suitable for drinking. This study attempted to estimate the economic value of water quality improvement in Paldang reservoir using CVM. The survey used payment card format to measure the willingness to pay of the questionnaire respondents for the improvement of water quality and also factors that affect the WTP. The survey showed that men rather than women, those had higher income and paid more water supply charges, those who lived in the area for a shorter period of time, those who do not use city water for drinking, had willingness to pay more. The WTP was estimated 4,952 to 5,497 won on a monthly average. The economic value of the improvement of the water quality of Paldang reservoir was estimated between 344.2~382.1 billion won on an annual basis.
2005년부터 2014년까지 전국 18개 지역의 측정 수평면전일사량의 경향 분석 및 분석 방법 소개
조민철,임하은,곽재은,강준모,황동현,김정배,Cho, Min-Cheol,Lim, Haeun,Kwak, Jae-eun,Kang, Jun-Mo,Hwang, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Jeongbae 한국교통대학교 융복합기술연구소 2017 융ㆍ복합기술연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.1
At present, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) measures the horizontal solar irradiation with time in 33 areas. Among these measured data, this study analyzed the tendency of applying the new analysis method by using the horizontal solar irradiation with the time which was measured in 18 regions across the country for ten years from 2005 to 2014. The method applied to the analysis is to compare the value of the annual total horizontal solar irradiance for one year with the value of that for the previous year of each year, and give +1 when it is higher than the reference ratio, 0 if it is within the reference ratio, and -1 when it is lower than the reference ratio. The characteristics of each region and nationwide characteristics according to the change of each reference ratio were evaluated and analyzed. Through the analysis results, the analysis method applied in this study could be well describe the characteristics of the solar irradiance during some years.
1985년부터 2014년까지 대구의 측정 수평면전일사량과 기상 데이터의 경향 및 상관관계 분석 연구
조민철,임하은,곽재은,강준모,황동현,김정배,Cho, Min-Cheol,Lim, Haeun,Kwak, Jae-eun,Kang, Jun-Mo,Hwang, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Jeongbae 한국교통대학교 융복합기술연구소 2017 융ㆍ복합기술연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.2
At present, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) measures the horizontal solar irradiation and meteorological data with time in 33 areas. Among these measured data, this study analyzed the tendency of applying the new analysis method by using the horizontal solar irradiation and meteorological data with the time which was measured in many regions across the country for thirty years from 1985 to 2014. The method applied to the analysis is to compare the value of the annual total horizontal solar irradiance and meteorological data for one year with the value of those for the previous year of each year, and give +1 when it is higher, and -1 when it is lower. The characteristics and relationships the horizontal solar irradiation and meteorological data in Daegu were evaluated and analyzed. Through the analysis results, the analysis method applied in this study could be well describe the characteristics and relationships of the solar irradiance and meteorological data during some years.
HPLC/DAD를 이용한 대황의 Sennoside A와 Rhaponticin 동시분석
김욱희(Ouk-Hee Kim),곽재은(Jae-Eun Kwak),정삼주(Sam-Ju Jung),김동규(Dong-Gyu Kim),한은정(Eun-Jung Han),한창호(Chang-Ho Han),김복순(Bok-Soon Kim),최병현(Byung-Hyun Choi),김민영(Min-Young Kim) 대한약학회 2010 약학회지 Vol.54 No.1
The objective of this study was to analyze sennoside A and rhaponticin simultaneously according to sennoside A of Rhei Rhizoma determination in Korean Pharmacopoeia. NaHCO3 solution in KP was compared with methanol which usually used as solution to extract rhaponticin in Rhei Rhizoma. The method was validated through the guidelines of linearity, LOD, LOQ, specificity and accuracy. Two solution weren't different about validation parameter and passed. So this method were applied to the determination of 6 commercial Rhei Rhizoma samples and 2 samples were suitable for the legal standards.
연어 제품에서 분리한 Listeria monocytogenes의 분포, 병원성 특성 및 항균제 내성
진영희(Young Hee Jin),류승희(Seung Hee Ryu),곽재은(Jae Eun Kwak),김리라(Ri Ra Kim),최영희(Young Hee Choi),이명숙(Myung Sook Lee),황인숙(In Sook Hwang) 한국식품과학회 2021 한국식품과학회지 Vol.53 No.4
본 연구는 2020년 5월부터 7월까지 서울시내 대형마트에서 수거한 연어 제품 65건에 대해서 리스테리아 모노사이토제네스를 분리하고, 분리한 균주에 대해서 혈청형, 병원성 관련 유전자 유무 및 항균제 내성 현황을 조사하였다. 연어 제품 65건 중에서 훈제연어 제품 53건 중 15건(28.3%), 기타 연어 제품 12건 중 1건(8.3%)에서 리스테리아 모노사이토제네스가 분리되었다. 리스테리아 모노사이토제네스 16균주의 혈청형을 분석한 결과 1/2a형이 6균주(37.5%), 1/2b 형이 10균주(62.5%)로 1/2b 형이 우세한 것으로 확인되었다. 연어 제품의 보관방법, 제조회사 및 연어의 원산지별 혈청형과의 연관성을 살펴본 결과 냉장보관 제품에서는 1/2a 형이, 냉동제품에는 1/2b 형이 우세하였으며, 동일 제조회사 제품에서 동일한 혈청형이 확인되었고, 연어 원산지별과는 연관성이 확인되지 않아 연어 제조공정상에서 균의 오염이 주로 이루어짐을 짐작할 수 있었다. 리스테리아 모노사이토제네스의 병원성과 관련된 10가지 유전자에 대해 PCR 검사를 수행한 결과 16균주 모두 병원성 관련 유전자가 검출되어 잠재적으로 병원성이 확인되었다. 분리된 16균주에 대하여 15종의 항균제에 대한 감수성 시험을 실시한 결과 cefotetan 16주(100%), cefotaxime 14주(87.5%), cefepime 5주(31.3%), erythromycin과 tetracycline에 각각 1주(6.3%) 순으로 내성을 나타내었고, 나머지 10종의 항균제에 대해서는 모두 감수성을 나타내었다. 리스테리아 모노사이토제네스는 본질적으로 cefotetan, cefotaxime, cefepime과 같은 cephalosporine 계 항균제에 내성을 나타내는 것을 감안하면 대부분의 항균제에 감수성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 국내에서 소비가 점점 늘고 있고, 비가열 섭취가 대부분인 연어 제품에서 소비자의 안전성 확보를 위해 리스테리아 모노사이토제네스에 대한 지속적인 모니터링 및 관련 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the prevalence, serotypes, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Listeria monocytogenes isolates collected from salmon products. A total of 16 out of 65 salmon products (24.6%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Bacteria were most frequently identified in smoked salmon products (15/53, 28.3%). Serological tests revealed that serotype 1/2b (62.5%) was the predominant serotype of L. monocytogenes, followed by 1/2a (37.5%). All isolates harbored 10 virulence-associated genes (inlA, inlB, plcA, plcB, hlyA, actA, prf, fbpA, iap, and mpl), confirming their potential pathogenicity. The isolates of L. monocytogenes showed resistance to cefotetan (100%), cefotaxime (87.5%), cefepime (31.3%), erythromycin (6.3%), and tetracycline (6.3%); however, most of the strains were susceptible to antimicrobials except cephalosporins. These results provide useful information regarding the contamination of salmon products with L. monocytogenes, which may have implications for public health.
김애경(Ae-Kyung Kim),조성자(Sung-Ja Cho),곽재은(Jae-Eun Kwak),금진영(Jin-Young Kum),김일영(Il-Young Kim),김정헌(Jung-Hun Kim),채영주(Young-Zoo Chae) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.1
시중 유통 소금 55건은 유형별로는 천일염 22건, 가공소금 17건, 재제소금 16건이었으며, 국산 33건, 수입 22건이었다. 수입국으로는 프랑스를 비롯하여 미국, 일본, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 아르헨티나였다. 식용소금 55건을 ICP-OES 및 Mercury analyzer를 이용하여 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 비소, 니켈, 알루미늄, 코발트, 수은을 분석한 결과 평균 0.281±0.344, 0.035±0.221, 0.364±0.635, 0.182±0.313, 0.046±0.062, 0.155±0.247, 5.753±10.746, 0.028±0.211, 0.001±0.001 mg/kg이 검출되었다. 납의 검출량은 천일염에서 가공소금, 재제소금 보다 유의적인 수준으로 높았으며, 크롬과 니켈은 가공소금에서 다른 소금에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 알루미늄은 수입산 천일염과 가공소금에서 시료 간 큰 차이를 나타냈으며, 검출량이 높은 제품은 프랑스산으로 지역적인 영향이 큰 것으로 판단된다. 소금의 섭취 시 중금속에 대한 안전성을 평가하기 위해 소금을 통한 중금속의 주간섭취량과 FAO/WHO에서 제시하는 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI), 1인 1일 최대섭취허용량(PMTDI)과 미국 환경보호청(U.S. EPA)의 만성경구섭취 참고용량(RfD)과 비교하여 %PTWI를 구하였다. 금속별 주간섭취량은 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 각각 평균 0.413(0.000~1.688), 0.026(0.000~0.505), 0.667(0.000~5.519), 0.265(0.022~1.720), 0.002(0.000~0.005), μg/kg bw/week이었으며, %PTWI는 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은이 각각 1.652(0.000~6.754), 0.372(0.000~7.214), 3.177(0.000~26.279), 0.008(0.001~0.049), 0.031(0.000~0.094)%로 소금을 통한 중금속 섭취량은 안전한 수준으로 판단되었다. This study was to investigate the heavy metal content of 55 commercial salts in the Seoul area. There were 22 types of solar sea salt, 17 types of processed salt and 16 types of reworked salt. Looked at another way, there were 22 types of domestic salt and 33 types of salt imported from France, the U.S., Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Argentina. The samples were measured using both a mercury analyzer and an Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The average heavy metal contents for commercial salts were Pb 0.281±0.344, Cd 0.035±0.221, Cr 0.364±0.635, Cu 0.182±0.313, As 0.046±0.062, Ni 0.155±0.247, Al 5.753 ±10.746, Co 0.028±0.211 and Hg 0.001±0.001 mg/kg. The leads were detected highly in solar sea salt rather than in processed salt or reworked salt. Also chrome, arsenic and nickel were found more in processed salt. There were large differences in aluminum content between imported solar sea salt and processed salt. Aluminum was highly detected in French products, showing that salt can be affected by regional differences. The weekly average intakes of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Hg from commercial salt were 1.652% (0.000~6.754), 0.372% (0.000~7.214), 3.177% (0.000~26.279), 0.008% (0.001~0.049), and 0.031% (0.000~0.094) respectively compared with Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee for the evaluation of food safety. The content of heavy metals from commercial salts was determined to be at safe levels.