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의료광고 관련 의료법 개정과정의 문제점과 의료광고 사전심의제도 등의 개선방안
곽명섭 ( Myung Sub Kwak ) 한국법정책학회 2010 법과 정책연구 Vol.10 No.1
Medicine, unlike regular products or services, is greatly influenced by the professionals and has the tendency for asymmetric information disclosure. Therefore, even when advertisements are permitted, rational decision making is difficult and there is a high possibility of distorting consumer decisions. It is perceived that such distinctive characteristics lead to the inevitable controls on the ways and contents of medical advertisement. On October 27th 2005, medical law regulation on medical advertisement was found unconstitutional at the Constitutional Court. And three years have passed since the revised medical law (April 4th2007), which roots on the conversion from prohibition in principle to permission in principle and the introduction of pre-review system, was implemented. Even though much of the confusion during the early system implementation period seems to have settled down, there still exist many core problems due to the institutional limitation. The revision process of medical law on medical advertisement, hastily pushed ahead to fill the legislative gap caused by the external factor via the Constitutional Court, carries many descriptive legislative problems. The reform of medical advertisement pre-review system, which is still disputed over its unconstitutionality, is needed in order to tackle the problems. Rather than consigning government`s authority to private sector, autonomic private organization should entirely take charge. And the review organizations currently dispersed throughout different health care providers should be integrated and put together in order to enhance review`s fairness, unity, and efficiency. Also, the permission scope of the medical advertisement should be extended by eliminating overlapping matters among legislations through the reevaluation of prohibited advertisement types conforming to the medical advertisement reform purpose. The scope of the medical advertisement principle agent should be expanded to medical institution establisher, and while television advertisement is permitted, false or exaggerated advertisement should be prevented. Also by categorizing illegal medical advertisement by types, clear determination of punishment code should be settled.
순티타늄판의 Nd:YAG 레이저 용접성에 관한 연구(I) - 실드 조건에 따른 용접특성 -
김종도,곽명섭,김창수,Kim, Jong-Do,Kwak, Myung-Sub,Kim, Chang-Soo 대한용접접합학회 2009 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.27 No.5
Pure titanium and its alloys have good formability, excellent corrosion resistance and high strength to weight ratios. Therefore, it has been using to heat exchangers, offshore plants, sports equipments, and etc. As broad as its application fields, it also increases welding locations. Conventional GTAW and GMAW are very popular welding methods of titanium, but it has a high heat input and wide HAZ. It has a possibility of inducing Stress Corrosion Cracking. So, laser welding method has been using to get reliable welds by reducing heat input. Weld beads change its color to silver, gold, brown, blue, and gray by shied conditions. And the closer to gray, the more oxidize, nitride and embrittlement. The most effective atom to embrittlement was nitrogen. And shield gas flow was not so effective over the constant flow rates. In this study, weld properties of the pure titanium were investigated by pulsed & CW Nd:YAG lasers and evaluated by various shield conditions. And It is observed that nitrogen is more effective to oxidation and embrittlement of titanium compared with oxygen by oxygen and nitrogen quantitative analysis.
순티타늄판의 Nd:YAG 레이저 용접성에 관한 연구(IV) - 겹치기 용접 및 실물 열교환기로의 적용 -
김종도,곽명섭,이창제,길병래,Kim, Jong-Do,Kwak, Myung-Sub,Lee, Chang-Je,Kil, Byung-Lea 대한용접접합학회 2010 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.28 No.1
With large specific strength and outstanding corrosion resistance and erosion resistance in sea water, titanium and titanium alloy are widely used in heat exchanger production. In particular, pure titanium demonstrates outstanding molding performance and may be considered optimal for production of heat exchanger. Since titanium is very vulnerable to oxidation and embrittlement during welding, processes with less heat input are widely used, and laser welding is widely applied by considering production performance and shield etc in atmosphere. So far, 1st report and 2nd report compared and analyzed embrittlement degrees by bead colors of weldment through oxygen and nitrogen quantitative analysis and hardness measurement, and evaluated welding performance and mechanical properties of butt welding. This study evaluated field applicability of lap welding to heat exchange plate of LPG re-liquefaction device for ships through tensile stress test, hardness test and internal pressure test etc after deducing optimal weding condition and applying to actual heat exchange plate. In bead overlap area, the experiment produced sound welds with no porosity or defect by increasing and decreasing laser power, and tensile-shear test results indicated virtually the same tension and yield strength as base metal. As a result of measuring hardness at lateral cross section and bead overlap zone of actual heat exchanger welds, hardness difference within 20Hv was produced at base metal, HAZ and weldment, and as a result of pneumatic and hydraulic pressure test, no leakage occurred.
순티타늄판의 Nd:YAG 레이저 용접성에 관한 연구(III) - 에지 용접 특성 -
김종도,길병래,곽명섭,송무근,Kim, Jong-Do,Kil, Byung-Lea,Kwak, Myung-Sub,Song, Moo-Keun 대한용접접합학회 2009 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.27 No.6
Titanium and titanium alloy can be reproduced immediately even if oxide films($TiO_2$) break apart in sea water. Therefore, since titanium demonstrates large specific strength and outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking, crevice corrosion, pitting and microbiologically influenced corrosion in sea water environment, it has been widely applied to heat exchanger for ships. In particular, with excellent elongation, pure titanium may be deemed as optimal material for production of heat exchanger plate which is used with wrinkles formed for efficient heat exchange. Conventional plate type heat exchanger prevented leakage of liquid through insertion of gasket between plates and mechanical tightening by bolts and nuts, but in high temperature and high pressure environment, gasket deterioration and leakage occur, so heat exchanger for LPG re-liquefaction device etc do not use gasket but weld heat exchanger plate for use. On the other hand, since welded plate cannot be separated, it is important to obtain high quality reliable welds. In addition, for better workability and production performance, lasers that can obtain weldment with large aspect ratio and demonstrate fast welding speed even in atmospheric condition not in vacuum condition are used in producing products. So far, 1st report and 2nd report compared and analyzed embrittlement degrees by bead colors of weldment through quantitative analysis of oxygen and nitrogen and measurement of hardness as fundamental experiment for the evaluation of titanium laser welding, and evaluated the welding performance and mechanical properties of butt welding. This study welded specimens in various conditions by using laser and GTA welding machine to apply edge welding to heat exchanger, and evaluated the mechanical strength through tensile stress test. As a result of tensile test, laser weldment demonstrated tensile strength 4 times higher than GTA welds, and porosity could be controlled by increasing and decreasing slope of laser power at overlap area.
김종도(Jong-Do Kim),곽명섭(Myung-Sub Kwak),김창수(Chang-Soo Kim),김영식(Young-Sik Kim) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10
Titanium and its alloys have excellent corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratios and high temperature creep properties, which make them using many various fields of application. Responding to these needs, welding processes for titanium are also being used including TIG, MIG, resistance welding, plasma arc welding, diffusion welding, electron beam welding and laser welding. In this study, It is possible to get sound beads without humping bead and spatter with the decrease of peak power according to increase of pulse width and change of welding speed for heat input control at pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of titanium plates for Lap welding.