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곽동엽,윤세웅,박두희,Kwak. Dong-Yeop,Yun. Se-Ung,Park. Du-Hee 한국방재학회 2008 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.1
Determining the most likelihood earthquake scenario in one region is very important for performing an earthquake-resistant design. The most likelihood earthquake scenario can be selected by performing deaggregation, who classifies earthquakes that occur ground motion exceeding a specific acceleration as each distance and each earthquake magnitude. If earthquakes are classified, the most likelihood earthquake scenario can be selected. Earthquake hazard analysis method that have to be performed before deaggregation follows the method that Ministry of Construction & Transportation presented. As a result of performing deaggregation at longitude 127.35 and latitude 34.7, presentable seismic ground motion scenarios can be selected at each recurrence period.
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곽동엽,안재광,박두희,Kwak,Dong-Yeop,Ahn,Jae-Kwang,Park,Du-Hee 한국방재학회 2008 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.1
The safety of a tunnel under seismic motion is most often evaluated by ovalling deformation of tunnel. This paper research about tunnel`s longitudinal deformation. Because of spatial variation of seismic ground motion, the longitudinal structures like tunnel are likely to experience relative displacements along longitudinal direction. The spatially variable ground motion can be estimated by coherency function obtained empirically, and can be considered from different arrival times of ground motion. As a result of estimating tunnel`s relative displacements at maximum curvature of tunnel, the displacements and curvatures estimated by coherency function affect the tunnel`s safety more than different arrival times. However, if tunnel`s displacements by coherency function superpose on displacements by different arrival times, the relative displacements and curvatures of tunnel will be more severe. Therefore, to estimate accurately tunnel`s deformation in longitudinal direction has to consider both coherency and wave passage effects.
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곽동엽(Kwak Dong-Yeop),정창균(Jeong Chang-Gyun),이현우(Lee Hyunwoo),박두희(Park Duhee) 한국지반환경공학회 2009 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.10 No.7
국내에서는 지반의 설계응답스펙럼을 확률론적으로 생성한 지진재해도와 결정론적으로 유도된 지진계수를적용하여 생성한다. 지진재해도와 지진계수는 호환되지 않지만, 현 설계기준은 이런 근본적인 비호환성을 무시하고 있다. 지진재해도와 지진계수를 동일한 확률론적 기반에서 생성한다면 이와 같은 문제를 극복할 수 있지만, 기존의 방법으로는 지진계수를 확률론적으로 생성할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 동반논문에서 新 PSHA의 결과물로써 생성된 지진기록을 입력지진파로 활용하여 1차원 등가선형 지반응답해석을 수행하였으며 이의 결과를 기반으로 등재해스펙트럼을 생성하였다. 등재해스펙트럼의 또 한가지 장점은 지반물성치의 불확실성과 임의성이 과학적으로 고려되었다는 점이다. 등재해스펙트럼은 나아가 확률론적인 지진계수를 도출하는데 활용되었다. 확률론적인 지진계수를 내진설계기준에서 제시된 지진계수를 비교한 결과, 확률론적으로 계산된 지진계수는 결정론적으로 계산된 결과와 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. In Korea, the probabilistically developed seismic hazard maps are used with deterministically derived seismic site coefficients in developing the design response spectrum of a specific site. Even though the seismic hazard maps and seismic site coefficients are incompatible, the current design code ignores such incompatibility. If the seismic hazard map and seismic coefficients are both developed in identical probabilistic framework, such problems can be solved. Unfortunately, the available method cannot be use to derive “true” probabilistic site coefficients. This study uses the ground motion time histories, which were developed as the result of a new probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in the companion paper, as input motions in performing one-dimensional equivalent linear site response analyses, from which the uniform hazard response spectra are generated. Another important characteristic of the hazard response spectra are that the uncertainties and randomness of the ground properties are accounted for. The uniform hazard spectra are then used to derive probabilistic site coefficients. Comparison of probabilistic and deterministically site coefficients demonstrate that there is a distinct discrepancy between two coefficients.
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정창균(Jeong Chang-Gyun),곽동엽(Kwak Dong-Yeop),박두희(Park Duhee),김광균(Kim Kwangkyun) 한국지반환경공학회 2010 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.11 No.6
1차원 등가선형 지반응답해석은 지반에 의한 지진동의 증폭현상을 모사하는데 널리 사용되고 있다. 등가선형해석은 적은 수의 입력변수를 필요로하므로 사용하기 편리하며 해석 소요시간이 짧다는 장점을 가지고 있는 반면, 시간에 따라서 변화하는 지반의 비선형 거동을 모사할 수 없으며 일정한 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비를 해석 내내 적용하는 선형해석이라는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 등가선형해석의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 진동 주파수와 변형률과의 관계를 모사하는 다양한 형태의 수정된 등가선형해석기법들이 개발되었다. 수정된 기법들은 전단변형률 푸리에 스펙트럼을 사용한다는 점에서는 동일하지만, 이로부터 변형률의 주파수 의존도를 정의하는 과정에서는 차이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 수정된 등가선형해석기법들의 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 국내에서 조사된 두 개의 토층에서 일련의 비선형, 등가선형, 수정된 등가선형 지반응답해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과, 수정된 등가선형해석기법들은 고주파수 요소를 과대 예측할 수 있으며, 특히 고주파수 요소가 풍부한 인공지진파를 입력 지진파로 사용하였을 경우 비현실적인 응답이 계산될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. One-dimensional equivalent linear site response analysis is widely used in practice due to its simplicity, requiring only few input parameters, and low computational cost. The main limitation of the procedure is that it is essentially a linear method, in which the time dependent change in the soil properties cannot be modeled and constant values of shear modulus and damping is used throughout the duration of the analysis. Various forms of modified equivalent linear analyses have been developed to enhance the accuracy of the equivalent linear method by incorporating the dependence of the shear strain with the loading frequency. The methods are identical in that it uses the shear strain Fourier spectrum as the backbone of the analysis, but differ in the method in which the strain Fourier spectrum is smoothed. This study used two domestically measured soil profiles to perform a series of nonlinear, equivalent linear, and modified equivalent linear site response analyses to verify the accuracy of two modified procedures. The results of the analyses indicate that the modified equivalent linear analysis can highly overestimate the amplification of the high frequency components of the ground motion. The degree of overestimation is dependent on the characteristics of the input ground motion. Use of a motion rich in high frequency contents can result in unrealistic response.
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新 확률론적 지진재해분석 및 국내 지진계수 개발 Part I : 新 확률론적 지진재해분석 기법 적용 및 검증
박두희(Park Duhee),곽동엽(Kwak Dong-Yeop),정창균(Jeong Chang-Gyun) 한국지반환경공학회 2009 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.10 No.7
확률론적인 지진재해분석(PSHA)은 지진원, 전파경로, 부지효과의 불확실성을 고려하여 특정 기간내에 특정 크기를 초과하는 지진동이 부지에 발생할 확률을 결정하는 방법이다. PSHA은 전세계적으로 미래 발생할 지진동을 정량화하기 위하여 가장 널리 사용되는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 PSHA와 동일한 결과를 계산하지만, 유한기간내에 발생하는 지진 시나리오와 이에 상응하는 지진파기록을 생성하는 新 PSHA 기법의 국내 적용성을 평가하였다. 新 PSHA으로 40,000년에 상응하는 가상의 지진기록을 생성하여 총 16,378개의 지진 시나리오를 생성하였으며 이를 사용하여 지진재해도를 생성한 결과, 新 PSHA은 상당히 정확하게 기존의 PSHA 결과를 재현할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 新 PSHA은 자체적으로 의미가 있다기 보다는 이의 결과를 통하여 궁극적으로 확률론적인 지진재해분석을 수행할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서 생성된 지진기록은 동반논문에서 확률론적인 지진계수를 생성하는데 활용되었다. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculates the probability of exceedance of a certain ground motion parameter within a finite period at a site of interest. PSHA is very robust in that it can account for the uncertainties in seismic source, wave passage effect, and seismic site effects and hence, it is the most widely used method in quantifying the future earthquake induced ground vibration. This paper evaluates the applicability of a new PSHA that is alleged to be able to reproduce the results of a conventional PSHA method, but generates a series of earthquake scenarios and corresponding ground motion time histories that are compatible with the scenarios. In the application, a 40,000 year period is simulated, during which 16,738 virtual earthquakes have occurred. The seismic hazard maps are generated from the outputs of the new PSHA. Comparisons with the maps generated by the conventional PSHA method demonstrated that the new PSHA can successfully reproduce the results of a conventional PSHA. The new PSHA may not be very meaningful in itself. However, the real advantage of the method is that it can be used to develop probabilisitic seismic site coefficients. The suite of generated ground motion time histories are used to develop probabilistic site coefficients in the companion paper.
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백유정(Yoo Jung Peck),곽동엽(Dong Yeop Kwak) 한국생태환경건축학회 2023 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.6
Purpose: Jangpari, located adjacent to the military border area, is a space where you can find the modernization process and transformation of Paju after the Korean War, and a place where you can look at the urbanization process of traditional villages transforming into city behind U.S. military. This study is a basic study to explore the preservation and utilization of the US camp-town in the modern era through investigation and recording of major facilities in Jangpari. Through this, it is expected to be used as basic data for research on how to enhance the historical value of the city behind the U.S. military in the modern period, preserve and utilize it. Method: This study was conducted based on building surveying through data collection and field surveys, and summarized the spatial and architectural characteristics of the village. Data analysis was analyzed in-depth through verification and control processes, and finally 3D restoration was performed. Result: Interpreting the US camp-town in the modern period from a new perspective means a peaceful effort to heal the wounds of the past and prepare for a better future, and a process to find fundamental significance of existence to preserve the site of modern history and utilize the value of culture. Therefore, it is necessary to lay the foundation for regional revitalization through efforts to discover and preserve their historical and cultural values because the era and cultural heritage left behind by the U.S. military hinterland city are one of the pillars of the modernization process of the Paju area.
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