『무너앉는 소리』 3부작의 창작동기 연구

곽도연(Gwak, Do-yeon) 우리말글학회 2016 우리말 글 Vol.71 No.-

이 논문은 「닳아지는 살들」의 후속작들 발표 연유를 밝히는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. 그리고 「닳아지는 살들」에서 미비하게 드러냈던 부분을 보충하기 위해 후속작들이 창작되었다고 판단한다. 이를 밝혀내기 위해 먼저 「닳아지는 살들」 속 ‘꽝 당 꽝 당’과 예술성에 관해 고찰하였다. ‘꽝 당꽝 당’은 집을 무너뜨리는 소리로 드러나며 이는 가족이 해체될 것이라는 영희의 불안과 맞닿게 된다. 여기에 「닳아지는 살들」의 ‘방자한’ 예술성이 있다. 「무너앉는 소리」, 「마지막 향연」에서는 「닳아지는 살들」 속 가족의 해체양상을 반복적으로 보여준다. 그리고 반복되는 이산가족의 해산모습은 「닳아지는 살들」 속에서 나열된 역사적 사건보다 더 강력한 역사성을 담지하게 된다. ‘꽝 당 꽝 당’ 소리의 변모는 영희의 불안을 실현을 표현한다. 그리고 이산가족의 해산이라는 부분이 더욱 강조된다. 따라서 ‘꽝 당꽝 당’에서 다른 소리로의 이행은 예술성에서 역사성으로의 이행을 표식한다. 두 작품을 통해 역사성을 드러내는 이유는 작가의 정체성과 연관된다. 월남민인 작가는 남한사회의 현실을 통찰하려 하는데 이러한 의도가 두 작품의 창작을 추동하였다. 한편 작가는 미적인 것에 대한 거부를 드러낸다. 이는 예술성을 다루는 작가의 태도와도 연관된다. 즉 ‘소설가’가 다스리려는 ‘예술가’는 이호철이 다스리려는 증상이다. 그리고 닳아지는 살들의 예술성을 대변하는 ‘꽝 당 꽝 당’ 역시 작가가 해석해야 하는 것이다. 따라서 두 작품은 ‘꽝 당 꽝 당’을 해석하고 소설가의 질서로 편입하려는 시도이다. 따라서 후속작들의 창작은 작가의 정체성과 증상으로 인해 추동되었다. This paper aims to discover the reason why Lee Ho-cheol made the two sequels to Devil Sprits that Are Being Worn out. In this paper, I argue that the sequels were created to complement the deficiency of Devil Sprits that Are Being Worn out. It is a lack of critical minds about reality. To prove this, I focus the expression of “Wham boom Wham boom” and the artistry in Devil Sprits that Are Being Worn out. “Wham boom Wham boom” is a sound, which is interpreted into a sign of the collapsed family by Young-hee. This sound resonates with her anxiety about family breakdown. This narrative device give prominence to the “arrogant” artistry of Devil Sprits that Are Being Worn out. The writer shows again the appearances of family dissolution, which is described in Devil Sprits that Are Being Worn out, in the sequels, Collapsing Sound and The Last Feast. The appearances of family collapse, which is described in the sequels, give stronger historicality to the sequels than Devil Sprits that Are Being Worn out. “Wham boom Wham boom” disappears in the two sequels. It is substituted with various realistic sounds. In the sequels, where the fictional noise does not sound, the family breakdown is not Young-hee’s anxiety any more. It is real. They put more emphasis on the collapsed family. Therefore, the transition from the fictional sound to the various realistic sounds is a sign that the author’s mind trans from artistry to historicality. The transition from artistry to historicality is related to Lee Ho-cheol’s own identity. He defected to South Korea from North Korea. He intended to criticize a social reality in South Korea. The intention drove him to create the two sequels. And he reveals the refusal of aesthetic values in them. This is concerned with his attitude to artistry. Namely, “artist” whom “novelist” attempts to regulate is a symptom that he tries to regulate. “Wham boom Wham boom” that represents the artistry of Devil Sprits that Are Being Worn out is an object which he has to be construed. The two sequels are attempts to construe “Wham boom Wham boom” and regulate it into his order. Consequently, I conclude that the two sequels are the outcomes that are driven and created by his identity and the symptom.

<요한시집>에서의 경계 양상과 인물간의 관계 연구

곽도연(Do Yeon Kwak) 한국현대소설학회 2014 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.56

This study was focused on analyzing The Anthology of John, one of Yong-hak Jang`s major works, and through the analysis it purposed to explain the world implemented in the novel and the author`s consciousness connoted by the story. First of all, we need to examine the general background of the novel and the examination should include ``the border`` appearing occasionally in the work. Particularly considering that Nuhye`s suicide was committed in the border, the meaning of the border must be clarified. Only then, we can see the world implemented in the novel and, going further, the reality perceived by the writer. The border is a starting point from which the world is created but, on the other hand, it is described as a place for escaping from the reality restraining the character, namely, a place where freedom is achieved. That is, the border has a double face. The border is a place of freedom that cannot be won in the reality and a place totally distinguished from the reality. Accordingly, it gives something indescribable to those who were made to live in the reality (this becomes the symbol of trauma ex post facto). For this reason, this nature of the border becomes a motive for creating the reality as a buffer zone against traumas. Like the border, Nuhye`s attitude toward Dongho has also a double face. This context is helpful to understanding Dongho`s split ego outside the concentration camp. Next, this study examined the relation between Dongho and Nuhye, the main characters of this novel. In his essay The Reality and the Anthology of John, Yong-hak Jang mentioned that the relation between the two is comparable to ``the relation between John and Jesus.`` That is, Nuhye is destined to die after paving a road for Dongho. The author added that the look of Nuhye and John is similar to freedom. Freedom also requires death for something that follows after. Let`s go back to what was mentioned earlier, namely, that Nuhye is similar to the border. Like the border creates the reality, Nuhye creates Dongho. That is, Nuhye, becoming a criterion for evaluating Dongho`s deeds, plays the role of a pivot that binds split Dongho. Furthermore, given the fact that Nuhye is a past figure existing only in Dongho`s memory, it is possible that the look of Nuhye is only Dongho`s imagination. This possibility again leads to the possibility that Dongho called in Nuhye purposely. How can we prove the possibility that Dongho called in Nuhye? Here the object ``eye`` may provide a clue to the answer. Nuhye`s eye as a body part and an illusory image restrains Dongho`s behavior powerfully. This is directly linked to Dongho`s guilty feeling, which Dongho did not arouse actively but he was given passively. That is, Dongho did not have an opportunity to commit a sin and therefore there is no reason for him to have a guilty feeling. From the beginning, Dongho was not given any chance for a sinful act. Nevertheless, Dongho assumed the burden of guilty feeling by himself, and by doing so, paradoxically he called in Nuhye`s eye. In this way, he put on Nuhye`s ``silk dress.`` As a result, what followed the death of freedom Nuhye was restraint forbidding splitting or (re)incorporation into the reality. Desire for (re)incorporation into the reality runs contrary to the proposition in the novel, namely, ``One should escape from the eye (the reality) in order to attain true freedom.`` In fact, it is impossible for humans to get out of the reality. If one escapes from the reality, though impossible, he will encounter perplexity and instinctively return to the reality. Isn`t what the author, who failed to adjust himself to the Republic of Korea in the 1950s, desired in his heart, rather incorporation into the reality than escape from that?

벼 등숙기 벼멸구 피해가 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향

이종희,여운상,곽도연,김준환,송유천,김춘송,신문식,Lee, Jong-Hee,Yeo, Un-Sang,Kwak, Do-Yeon,Kim, Joon-Hwan,Song, Yu-Cheon,Kim, Choon-Song,Shin, Moon-Sik 한국작물학회 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.suppl1

화영벼와 일품벼를 이용하여 벼멸구에 피해에 따른 농업적 특성, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼멸구 피해지에서 간장 수장 및 수당립수는 차이가 없었으나, 등숙율 및 쌀수량은 무피해구에 비해 감소되어 출수기 이후의 피해가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 현미의 외관품질 분석 결과 벼멸구 피해지의 정상립 비율은 감소하였고, 미숙립, 피해립 및 사미의 발생은 증가되었다. 3. 벼멸구 피해지의 쌀의 이화학적 특성 분석 결과 아밀로스 함량은 차이가 없었으나, 단백질 함량은 높았다. 최고 점도는 낮고 치반점도는 높았으며 취반시 호화특성이 불량한 것으로 나타났으며, 식미치는 낮아졌다. This study was carried out to investigate the change yield and grain quality in rice caused by damages of brown planthopper (Bph) on major agronomic traits at the ripening stage. A major agronomic traits such as culm length, panicle length, number of panicle and number of grain per panicles was no-significant difference compared hopperburn area (HBA) and moderately damaged area (MDA) by brown planthopper with non-damaged area (NDA). but, the ripeing ratio and yield in HBA and MDA was significantly decreased. The perfect rice of brown rice in HBA and MDA was also lowered than the NDA and the immatured grain among imperfect rice in damaged area by BPH was significantly increased than in the NDA. Among the traits related with palatability of cooked rice, the amylose content was not affected by damage of brown planthopper, whereas, the protein content was significantly increased in the HBA and MDA. additionally, Peak viscosity in HBA and MDA is lower than the NDA, and setback was increased. In most cases, there was negative on yield and grain quality by the damage of brown planthopper at the ripening stage. Thus, the rice product harvested in damaged area should be separated with that in non damaged area for grain market quality of milled rice.

벼 논에서 토양 유기물 함량, 논 유형 및 농업기후대가 CH₄ 배출에 미치는 영향

고지연,이재생,우관식,송석보,강종래,서명철,곽도연,오병근,남민희,Ko, Jee-Yeon,Lee, Jae-Saeng,Woo, Koan-Sik,Song, Seok-Bo,Kang, Jong-Rae,Seo, Myung-Chul,Kwak, Do-Yeon,Oh, Byeong-Gun,Nam, Min-Hee 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5

영남지역에서 자연적 입지조건이 논토양 온실가스 배출에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자, 2004년, 2005 및 2007년의 3년간 경남 밀양에 위치한 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부 시험포장과 인근 포장에서 연구를 수행하였다. 논토양에서 온실가스 배출과 관련 깊은 자연적 요인인 논토양 유기물 함량, 논 유형 (보통답, 미숙답, 습답 및 사질답) 및 농업기후대별 (영남내륙지대, 영남내륙산간지대 평지 및 산지, 동해안중부지대) 로 $CH_4$ 배출량을 조사하였다. 논토양 유기물 함량에 따른 $CH_4$ 배출량은 동일비료의 장기연용에 의하여 인접한 토양임에도 토양유기물 함량이 서로 다른 시험구에서 벼 표준재배법에 따라 동일하게 시비관리하면서 조사하였다. 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출량은 GWP 기준으로 3요소+퇴비 장기시용에 의하여 유기물 함량이 가장 높았던 처리구에서 $CH_4$ 배출량이 $3,597kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 퇴비 72.1%, 3요소 70.5%, 3요소+규산 49.9% 및 무비 41.1%의 순으로 나타났다. 이는 토양 유기물 함량의 순서와 일치하였으며, 논토양 온실가스 배출량과 토양 유기물 함량 사이에는 r = $0.963^{**}$의 고도로 유의한 정의 상관관계가 있었다 (y = $4.3096x^{1.81314}$, 단 x는 토양 유기물함량, g $kg^{-1}$).논 유형별 $CH_4$ 배출량 (GWP) 은 토양 투수속도가 느리고, 유기물 함량이 높아 토양의 혐기상태가 강하게 유지되는 습답에서 $14,160kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)로 가장 많았고, 미숙답은 64.0%, 보통답 46.8%, 사질답 23.8%의 순으로 나타났다. 농업기후대에 따른 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출량 (GWP)은 벼 재배기간 중 평균기온이 가장 높았던 영남내륙지대 (밀양)에서 $4,967kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ (100%)로 가장 배출량이 많았 고, 동해안중부지대 (영덕) 94.6%, 영남내륙산간 평지 (상주 신봉) 91.7% 및 영남내륙산간 산지 (상주 화서) 78.9%의 순이었다. 기후대별 온도인자 중 7-9월 평균기온과 논토양 온실가스 배출량 사이의 회귀식은 y = 389.7x-4,287(단 x는 농업기후대별 7-9월 평균기온, $R^2=0.906^*$)이었다. 이와 같은 자연적 입지조건이 논토양 $CH_4$ 배출에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해를 높임으로써 논토양 입지조건을 고려한 온실가스 저감방법 구명 및 개발에 기초연구로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. To evaluate the effects of abiotic factors of paddy fields on greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from rice paddy fields, $CH_4$ emission amounts were investigated from rice paddy fields by different soil organic matter contents, paddy types, and agricultural climatic zone in Yeongnam area during 3 years. $CH_4$ emission amounts according to soil organic matter contents in paddy field were conducted at having different contents of 5 soil organic matters fields (23.6, 28.7, 31.0, 34.5, and $38.0g\;kg^{-1}$), The highest $CH_4$ emission amount was recorded in the highest soil organic matters plot of $38.0g\;kg^{-1}$. High correlation coefficient (r=$0.963^{**}$) was obtained between $CH_4$ emissions from paddy fields and their soil organic matter contents. According to paddy field types, $CH_4$ emission amounts were investigated at 4 different paddy fields as wet paddy, sandy paddy, immature paddy, and mature paddy. The highest $CH_4$ emissions was recorded in wet paddy (100%) and followed as immature paddy 64.0%, mature paddy 46.8%, and sandy paddy 23.8%, respectively. For the effects of temperature on $CH_4$ emissions from paddy fields, 4 agricultural climatic zones were investigated, which were Yeongnam inland zone (YIZ), eastern coast of central zone (ECZ), plain area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (PMZ), and mountainous area of Yeongnam inland mountainous zone (MMZ). The order of $CH_4$ emission amounts from paddy fields by agricultural climatic zone were YIZ (100%) > ECZ (94.6%) > PMZ (91.6%) > MMZ (78.9%). The regression equation between $CH_4$ emission amounts from paddy fields and average air temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone was y = 389.7x-4,287 (x means average temperature of Jul. to Sep. of agricultural climatic zone, $R^2=0.906^*$)

조 배유 특성별 분말 즉석 죽의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성

고지연,송석보,최명은,우관식,최지명,곽도연,김기영,정태욱,고종철,오인석,Ko, Jee Yeon,Song, Seuk Bo,Choe, Meyong Eun,Woo, Koan Sik,Choi, Ji Myeong,Kwak, Do Yeon,Kim, Ki Yong,Jung, Tae Wook,Ko, Jong Cheol,Oh, In Seok 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

영양 및 기능성이 높은 조의 다양한 수요 창출을 위하여 배유 특성이 다른 조를 대상으로 분말 즉석 죽을 제조하고, 이화학적 특징 및 조리 특성 등의 품질과 항산화 활성의 생리활성을 평가하였다. 대상으로 사용한 조 원료곡은 메조 삼다메, 차조 삼다찰을 사용하였고, 물만 부어 바로 섭취할 수 있도록 전분의 호화 후 노화를 막는 가공처리로서 1) 건조곡 볶음, 2) 수침곡 볶음, 3) 찐 후 급속냉동, 4) 팽화처리하고 대조로 5) 원곡을 사용하였다. 재료의 수분 흡착능을 알아보는 WAI는 팽화처리에서 가장 높았으며, 원료곡에 따라서는 차조가 높았다. 즉석 죽 가루의 RVA 특성은 메조의 경우, 가공처리 후 전체적으로 점도 및 setback이 저하되어 열과 수분에 안정적으로 나타났다. 차조는 가공 처리된 즉석 죽을 재호화함에 따라 점도가 크게 증가하였다. 즉석 죽 가루에 뜨거운 물에 부었을 때의 점도는 건조곡 볶음가루 죽은 원료곡 가루죽과 점도 차이가 크게 없었고, 메조는 팽화처리, 차조는 찐 후 냉동건조, 수침곡 볶음 및 팽화처리 분말에서 즉석 죽으로 이용하기에 충분한 점성을 지닌 것으로 판단되었다. 항산화 성분인 폴리페놀 함량 및 ABTS 라디컬 소거능은 찐 후 냉동건조를 제외하고는 가공처리에 의해 뚜렷이 증가하였으며, 가공처리 중에는 팽화처리 시 원료곡 폴리페놀 함량 및 ABTS 라디컬 소거능의 1.5배, 1.7배로 가장 증가가 컸다. 배유 특성 및 가공처리별 즉석 죽의 관능검사 결과, 메조 삼다메를 팽화처리한 분말 즉석 죽의 기호도가 가장 높았으며, 뜨거운 물에도 엉김 현상 없이 잘 녹아 가공적성이 우수하였다. 따라서, 죽의 점도 및 수분흡착능은 차조 삼다찰이 높았으나, 항산화 활성, 열과 수분에 대한 안정성, 기호도 및 물에 풀었을 때 엉김 현상을 고려할 경우, 메조 삼다메가 더 우수하였으며, 가공처리방법으로는 팽화처리가 모든 항목에서 가장 우수하였다. This study was conducted in order to investigate the antioxidant capabilities and quality characteristics of instant porridge made of foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) from different varieties with different endosperm characteristics and processing using different methods. The two foxtail millet varieties used in this study were waxy foxtail millet, 'Samdachal', and non-waxy foxtail millet, 'Samdame'. The means of processing food to create instant porridge were dry cereal frying, wet cereal frying, freeze drying after steaming, popping, and no treatment. The WAI (water absorption index) of instant porridge made of waxy foxtail millet was higher than that of non-waxy foxtail millet, and popping created the highest WAI among the treatments tested. Whean we analyzed RVA characteristics of non-waxy foxtail millet instant porridge, peak viscosity and setback values were decreased in all processed foxtail millet instant porridge compared to non-waxy foxtail millet instant porridge. In waxy foxtail instant porridge, the peak and final viscosities of processed treated instant porridge increased. The viscosity just after pouring hot water into the instant porridge was higher in waxy foxtail millet porridge treated by freeze drying after steaming, popping, and wet cereal frying; the viscosity of non-waxy foxtail porridge was increased after popping as compared with the other treatments. The polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were increased in all processed, treated-instant porridge except for freeze dried porridge after steamingnt. The popping treatment showed the highest polyphenol contents (1.5 fold), and ABTS antioxidant activity (1.2 fold), compared to no treatment. Non-waxy foxtail millet porridge produced by popping earned the highest sensory evaluation scores.

양생온도와 재령에 따른 콘크리트의 공극구조 특성 변화와 압축강도와의 관계

이창수(Lee Chang Soo),이규동(Lee Kyu Dong),國府勝郞(Kokubu Katsuro),곽도연(Kwak Do Yeon) 대한토목학회 2004 대한토목학회논문집 A Vol.24 No.6A

기계화 수확 적합 단간 찰수수 “소담찰”

김정인(Kim Jung-In),김성국(Kim Sung-Kook),정태욱(Jung Tae-Wook),곽도연(Kwak Do-Yeon),김기영(Kim Ki-Young),고지연(Ko Jee-Yeon),우관식(Woo Koan-Sik),송석보(Song Seok-Bo),오인석(Oh In-Seok),최명은(Choe Myeong-Eun) 한국육종학회 2017 한국육종학회지 Vol.49 No.1

The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) variety ‘Sodamchal’ was developed and registered by Department of Sothern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2013. This variety was developed from the cross between ‘Hwanggeumchal’ with brown grain and ’Jungmo4001’ with semi-dwarf trait. ‘Sodamchal’ is the first semi-dwarf stature with waxy endosperm ever developed in Korea. The yield performance of ‘Sodamchal’ was 2.95 MT/ha in local adaptability test for 2 years. It had 91 cm culm length, which was 58 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwanggeumchal’, 26.3 cm panicle length, 22.0 mm thickness of culm, 21.1 g in 1,000 grain weight. It could be reduce the lodging problem and also adapted to mechanized cultivation. ‘Sodamchal’ produces high quantities of polyphenol and radical scavenging activitiy with diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) in pigmented testa. Above all ‘Sodamchal’ is suitable for use as a parental source for the development of improved pollinator parent lines for developing semi-dwarf sorghum with waxy endosperm and antioxidant activity. (Variety registration No. 6244)

Anticoagulant and Fibrinolytic Activities of Hwanggeumchal Sorghum In Vitro

Min Soo Kim(김민수),In Taek Oh(오인택),Do Youn Jun(전도연),Ji Young Lee(이지영),Ho-Yong Sohn(손호용),Do Yeon Kwak(곽도연),Myung Chul Seo(서명철),Koan Sik Woo(우관식),Jee Yeon Ko(고지연),Tae Wook Jung(정태욱),Min Hee Nam(남민희),Mi He 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.12

잡곡류의 항혈전작용을 조사하기 위해 국내산 11종의 잡곡으로부터 80% 에탄올 추출물을 얻어 혈액응고저해활성을 thrombin time (TT)법으로 측정한 결과, 황금찰수수의 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높은 혈액응고저해활성을 보였으며, 뒤이어 청차조 유래의 에탄올 추출물도 혈액응고저해활성을 보였다. 황금찰수수의 에탄올 추출물을 n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate 및 n-butanol로 분획하였을 때, 대부분의 TT-저해활성은 hexane과 methylene chloride 분획에 분포하였으며, 이들 분획의 활성은 동일 농도의 aspirin (최종 농도 480 μg/ml)보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 황금찰수수의 에탄올 추출물의 혈액응고저해활성은 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)법 및 prothrombin time (PT)법으로도 확인되었다. 이때 APTT-저해활성은 hexane 및 methylene chloride분획에 주로 분포하였으나 PT-저해활성은 hexane 분획에 주로 분포하였다. 이들 분획들의 APTT-저해활성 및 PT-저해활성은 warfarin (최종농도 3.13 mg/ml) 보다 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 황금찰수수 유래 에탄올 추출물의 TT-저해활성은 열 안정성 및 pH 안정성이 매우 우수하였다. 한편, 이와 같은 황금찰수수 유래 에탄올추출물, hexane 분획 및 methylene chloride 분획의 경우는 피브린 응괴를 가용화할 수 있는 피브린용해활성을 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 황금찰수수가 혈액응고저해활성과 혈전용해활성을 지니고 있음을 보여주며, 아울러 항혈전 식이요법의 소재가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. To examine whether miscellaneous cereal grains have an antithrombotic effect, we investigated the anticoagulant activity of 80% ethanol extracts from eleven selected miscellaneous cereal grains. The 80% ethanol extract of hwanggeumchal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) showed the highest anticoagulant activity, followed by that of green foxtail millet grains, in terms of thrombin time (TT). When the ethanol extract of hwanggeumchal sorghum was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, the majority of the TT-inhibitory activity was detected in the hexane and methylene chloride fractions. Whereas aspirin (final conc. 480 μg/ml) prolonged TT by 2-fold, the ethanol extract, hexane fraction, and methylene chloride fraction in the same dose prolonged TT by 2.2-fold, 2.9-fold, and 2.5-fold, respectively. The ethanol extract of hwanggeumchal sorghum could delay activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as well as prothrombin time (PT). Although the APTT-inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract was mainly partitioned into the hexane and methylene chloride fractions, the PT-inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract was solely partitioned into the hexane fraction. The APTT- and PT-inhibitory activities of these organic solvent fractions were more potent than those of the control warfarin (final conc. 3.13 mg/ml). The TT-inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract was heat-stable and acid-stable. The ethanol extract, hexane fraction, and methylene chloride fraction of hwanggeumchal sorghum appeared to possess a direct fibrinolytic activity toward fibrin clotting. These results show that hwanggeumchal sorghum can exert anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects and, thus, have the potential to be applicable as antithrombotic dietary sources.

Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Ethanol Extracts and Their Solvent Fractions Obtained from Selected Miscellaneous Cereal Grains

Dong Hwa Park(박동화),Seung Tae Lee(이승태),Do Youn Jun(전도연),Ji Young Lee(이지영),Mi Hee Woo(우미희),Ki Young Kim(김기영),Myung Chul Seo(서명철),Jee Yeon Ko(고지연),Koan Sik Woo(우관식),Tae Wook Jung(정태욱),Do Yeon Kwak(곽도연),M 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

잡곡류의 항산화활성을 조사하기 위해 국내산 11종의 잡곡으로부터 80% 에탄올 추출물을 얻어 DPPH- 및 ABTS-라디칼 소거활성을 측정한 결과, 황금찰수수(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Hwanggeumchalsusu), 찰수수(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Chalsusu) 및 식용피(Echinochloa esculenta)의 에탄올 추출물이 다른 잡곡류의 에탄올 추출물에 비해 높은 라디칼 소거활성을 나타내었다. 이들 황금찰수수, 찰수수 및 식용피의 에탄올 추출물을 n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate 및 n-butanol로 분획하였을 때, 대부분의 라디칼 소거활성은 페놀성 화합물이 주로 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타난 ethyl acetate 분획과 butanol 분획에서 집중적으로 확인되었다. 특히, 황금찰수수의 ethyl acetate 분획과 butanol 분획의 라디칼 소거활성은 천연 항산화제인 α-tocopherol에 비해 더 높게 나타났다. 황금찰수수, 찰수수 및 식용피 유래의 ethyl acetate 분획과 butanol 분획은 지질 과산화를 저해하는 것으로 ferric thiocyanate (FTC)와 thiobarbituric acid (TBA) 방법에 의해 확인되었다. 황금찰수수, 찰수수 및 식용피 유래의 ethyl acetate 분획의 경우, tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) 처리에 의해 HL-60 세포에서 유도되는 에폽토시스 현상들 즉, sub-G1 세포 등장, Δψm 소실, caspase-9과 caspase-3의 활성화, 그리고 PARP와 lamin B의 분해 등을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 황금찰수수, 찰수수 및 식용피가 효율적인 항산화 활성을 지니고 있으며 산화적 손상에 의해 매개되는 에폽토시스를 억제할 수 있음을 보여준다. 아울러 이러한 연구결과들은, 황금찰수수, 찰수수 및 식용피가 산화적 스트레스로부터 세포를 보호하는 항산화 식이소재가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. To examine the antioxidant activities of 11n selected miscellaneous cereal grains (proso millet, yellow glutinous proso millet, hwanggeumchal sorghum, glutinous sorghum, white glutinous sorghum, yellow glutinous foxtail millet, nonglutinous foxtail millet, green glutinous foxtail millet, golden foxtail millet, barnyard millet, and adlay), the free radical-scavenging activities of 80% ethanol extracts of the individual grains were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods. The ethanol extracts of hwanggeumchal sorghum, glutinous sorghum, and barnyard millet grains exhibited more potent free radical-scavenging activities as compared to the other grains. When these three ethanol extracts were sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, the majority of the antioxidant activities were detected in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions in which phenolic ingredients were abundant. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of hwanggeumchal sorghum and the ethyl acetate fraction of glutinous sorghum showed higher antioxidant activity than that of α-tocopherol. Both ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods demonstrated that these organic solvent fractions could inhibit lipid peroxidation. The ethyl acetate fractions from hwanggeumchal sorghum, glutinous sorghum, and barnyard millet grains could suppress tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced apoptotic events, including sub-G1 peaks, Δψm loss, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP and lamin B, in human HL-60 cells. These results show that the grains of hwanggeumchal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Hwanggeumchalsusu), glutinous sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Chalsusu), and barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) possess efficient antioxidant activity, which could protect cells from oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity.

팽창재에 의한 초고강도 콘크리트의 수축저감

서경원(Kyong-Won Seo),백기현(Ki-Hyun Baek),김영진(Young-Jin Kim),곽도연(Do-Yeon Kwak) 한국콘크리트학회 2009 콘크리트학회지 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구에서는 초고강도 콘크리트의 자기수축 제어대책으로서 팽창재를 이용하는 경우의 적절한 첨가량 및 유효성에 대하여 확인하였고, 재팽창 현상에 대해서 검토하였다. 그 결과 물시벤트비가 극히 낮은 초고강도 콘크리트의 특성상 과첨가의 경우는 미반응의 팽창재가 잔존하고 재팽창 할 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 초고강도 콘크리트용의 팽창재로서는 가능한 미수화 팽창재가 잔존하지 않는 팽창재 즉 팽창성능을 충분히 가지면서 수화반응이 빠른 조강성의 비표면적이 큰 팽창재가 바람직한 것을 제안하고 있다.