제주분지 제 5광구 탄성파자료의 중합전 역시간 구조보정

고진석,장성형,Ko, Chin-Surk,Jang, Seong-Hyung 대한자원환경지질학회 2010 자원환경지질 Vol.43 No.4

탄성파 심도영역 중합전 역시간 구조보정은 음원영역 파동외삽과 수진기영역 파동외삽의 상호상관으로 지층구조를 영상화하는 방법으로 암염돔 하부, 단층, 습곡, 심한 경사층 등 복잡한 층서구조를 영상화하는데 주로 이용된다. 여기에서는 한국지질자원연구원에서 개발된 중합전 심도영역 역시간 구조보정 기술을 국내 대륙붕 제주분지 제 5광구 탄성파 현장자료에 적용하여 음원번호 1280번 하부에 존재하는 향사 층서구조 영상을 향상시키고자 하였다. 음원모음 신호음을 향상시키기 위해 기본 자료처리를 실시하였고, 반복적으로 속도스펙트럼을 계산하는 방법으로 중합속도를 결정하여 속도모델을 구축하였다. 중합단면도상에 나타나는 향사구조는 산란파 영향으로 지층경계면의 연속성이 떨어져 보이지만 구조보정 적용 결과 탄성파 반사 에너지가 집중된 곳에서 향사구조 영상이 향상된 심도영역 지층단면도를 구할 수 있었다. For imaging complex subsurface structures such as salt dome, faults, thrust belt, and folds, seismic prestack reverse-time migration in depth domain is widely used, which is performed by the cross-correlation of shot-domain wavefield extrapolation with receiver-domain wavefield extrapolation. We apply the prestack reverse-time migration, which had been developed at KIGAM, to the seismic field data set of Block 5 in Jeju basin of Korea continental shelf in order to improve subsurface syncline stratigraphy image of the deep structures under the shot point 8km at the surface. We performed basic data processing for improving S/N ratio in the shot gathers, and constructed a velocity model from stack velocity which was calculated by the iterative velocity spectrum. The syncline structure of the stack image appears as disconnected interfaces due to the diffractions, but the result of the prestack migration shows that the syncline image is improved as seismic energy is concentrated on the geological interfaces.

반복적 비선형역산에 의한 2차원 지질구조의 중력자료 해석 연구

고진석,양승진,Ko, Chin-Surk,Yang, Seung-Jin 대한자원환경지질학회 1994 자원환경지질 Vol.27 No.5

In this paper, the iterative least-squares inversion method is used to determine shapes and density contrasts of 2-D structures from the gravity data. The 2-D structures are represented by their cross-sections of N-sided polygons with density contrasts which are constant or varying with depth. Gravity data are calculated by theoretical formulas for the above structure models. The data are considered as observed ones and used for inversions. The inversions are performed by the following processes: I) polygon's vertices and density contrast are initially assumed, 2) gravity are calculated for the assumed model and error between the true (observed) and calculated gravity are determined, 3) new vertices and density contrast are determined from the error by using the damped least-squares inversion method, and 4) final model is determined when the error is very small. Results of this study show that the shape and density contrast of each model are accurately determined when the density contrast is constant or vertical density gradient is known. In case where the density gradient is unknown, the inversion gives incorrect results. But the shape and density gradient of the model are determined when the surface density contrast is known.

몽골 광미로부터 Au 회수 가능성에 관한 연구

고진석(Chin-Surk Ko),톡토흐마 부렝톡토흐(Togtokhmaa Burentogtokh),이종주(Jong-Ju Lee),박천영(Cheon-Young Park) 한국암석학회 2020 암석학회지 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 몽골 광산지역내 환경오염물질인 광미로부터 Au와 같은 유가자원을 친환경/효율적인 회수의 가능성을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 몽골 광산지역 4곳의 광미시료를 선정하고, 광미내 유가자원에 대한 광물학적 평가를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서의 시험방법은 광미 내 유용금속을 선별 및 회수하기 위하여 부유선별을 수행하였다. 마이크로웨이브 질산용출을 이용하여 시료 내 함유된 유용금속을 용출시키고, Au의 품위를 향상시켰다. 염화물 용출을 통해 용출잔류물로부터 Au를 용출하고자 하였다. 광미시료에 대한 XRD 분석결과, 시료 모두 대부분 규산염광물로 이루어져 있었다. XRF 분석을 통하여 성분 원소의 함량을 확인한 결과, SiO₂ 함량이 매우 높게 나타났으며, Fe₂O₃ 함량은 2.32-4.23%이었으며, PbO, CuO 및 ZnO 성분의 함량은 모두 2% 이내로 확인되었다. 광미시료를 대상으로 부유선별을 실시한 결과, Au의 회수율은 Bayanairag 시료에서 95.38%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 부유선별에서 회수된 Au 정광시료를 대상으로 마이크로 웨이브 질산용액 실험을 수행한 결과, 마이크로웨이브 질산용출 잔류물내 Au의 함량은 Khamo 시료에서 192.72 g/ton에서 216.14 g/ton으로 약 12.15% 증가하였고, Bayanairag 시료에서 57.58%로 가장 많이 증가하였다. 부유선별 후 발생된 광미에 대한 TCLP 시험을 수행한 결과, EPA 기준 이내의 용출특성을 보였다. 고체잔류물을 대상으로 Au 회수를 위하여 염화물 용출시험을 수행한 결과, 용출시간 10분 이내 87.43-89.35%의 높은 용출율을 보였다. Khamo 시료의 경우 용출시간 60분 후 100%의 Au 용출이 이루어졌다. 따라서, 몽골 내에서 지속적으로 발생하는 광미를 처리하기 위해서 본연구와 같은 공정을 적용하면 광미 내 함유된 유용금속들을 효과적으로 회수할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of eco-friendly/efficient recovery of valuable resources, such as Au from mine tailings, which are environmental pollutants in the Mongolian mine sector. For this purpose, this study selected 4 place of mine tailings of the Mongolian mines sector and carried out mineralogy evaluation of the valuable resources in the tailings. In this study, flotation was performed to separate and concentrate valuable resources in the tailings. Microwave nitric acid leaching was used to leach the valuable resources contained in the sample and to improve the Au grade. Chloride leaching attempted to leach Au from the leaching residues. XRD analysis of the tailings samples showed that most of the samples consisted of silicate minerals. As a result of confirming the content of the element through XRF analysis, the SiO₂ content was very high, the Fe₂O₃ content was 2.32-4.23%, and the content of PbO, CuO and ZnO components were all within 2%. As a result of flotation for the tailings samples, the recovery of Au was the highest in Bayanairag sample (95.38%). As a result of microwave nitric solution experiment on Au concentrate sample obtained by flotation, the content of Au in the microwave nitrate leaching residue increased by 12.15% from 192.72 g/ton to 216.14g/ton in Khamo sample, the highest increase was 57.58% in Bayanairag sample. TCLP tests on tailings generated after flotation showed dissolution characteristics within EPA. Chloride leaching test was performed to recover Au from solid residues. The leaching rate was 87.43-89.35% within 10 minutes. For Khamo sample, 100% Au was leached after 60 minutes of leaching time. Therefore, in order to process the tailings continuously generated in Mongolia, applying the same process as the present study is expected to effectively recover the valuable resources contained in the tailings.

가스 하이드레이트 탄성파 자료 음향임피던스 변환

고진석 ( Chin Surk Ko ),장성형 ( Seong Hyung Jang ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2009 공학기술논문지 Vol.2 No.2

Gas hydrate. which it could be potential for the future energy resources. is a crystalline solid; its building blocks consist of a gas molecule surrounded by a cage of water molecules under high pressure and low temperature. One of used evidence for presence of gas hydrate in seismic reflection data is a bottom simulating reflector (BSR). The BSR occurs at the interface between overlaying higher velocity, hydrate-bearing sediment and underlying lower velocity, free gas-bearing sediment. That is often characterized by large reflection coefficient and reflection polarity reverse to lint of seafloor reflection. In this study in order to detect evidence of gas hydrate, we use difference of acoustic impedance between the below and the above layer of BSR. The acoustic impedance which is consist of the function of velocity and density is one of the useful tools for verifying the variation of physical properties. We conducted the basic preprocessing and applied acoustic impedance to the gas hydrate seismic reflection field data. using the Geobit, which has developed by Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral RCSOUTCCS (KIGAM). In order to get a good seismic profile with keeping higher ratio of signal to noise, we applied some modules for preprocessing such as amplitude correction, deconvolution, and band-pass filtering. When we find out normal-moveout velocities we conducted iteratively velocity analyses. The results of acoustic impedance profile show impedance variation which is one of physical characteristic on the stack image. The impedance variation is prominent around 2.9 s in two-way travel time at the strong Amplitude reflection layer, which is high amplitude. phase reversal to the water bottom. Since seismic reflection data do not have low frequency term under 10 Hz and we call not get correct Acoustic impedance from surface seismic data, we calculated acoustic impedance from stack image after horizon picking. If we include logging data, we can get more correct acoustic impedance profile.

지오빗을 이용한 국내 대륙붕 남해분지 탄성파자료 처리 및 속도단면도

고진석 ( Chin Surk Ko ),장성형 ( Seong Hyung Jang ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2015 공학기술논문지 Vol.8 No.1

Most of seismic reflection data are stored on the magnetic tape, but the life time of tape drive which can read the data is limitted. So the seismic data could be useful when it has stored in the general recording media. In this study, we read the seismic tape data which had acquired in the Nam Hae basin of the continental shelf and the processed it by Geobit after transcribed tape image format to SEGY. Through the basic processing we had decided the optimum processing parameters. A velocity model was created by iterative velocity analysis then using the velocity a seismic section was made. The seismic image shows the basement between CMP 200~800 and 1.5 s of two-way travel time and vertical faults are shown between 1900 and 0.6~1.6 s of two-way travel time. The processing parameters in this study can be applied to seismic data in the Nam Hae basin and the velocity model and seismic section could be available for interpretation of sedimentary basin environment in the Nam Hae basin.

황화광물로부터 유용금속 침출을 위한 Acid Bake-water Leaching System 내 황산염 용매제의 적용성

고진석 ( Chin Surk Ko ),톡토흐마 ( B. Togtokhmaa ),박천영 ( Cheon-young Park ) 한국광물학회 2018 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.31 No.2

본 연구는 acid bake-water leaching system (AWS)를 이용하여 Au 정광으로부터 경제적이고 친환경적인 유용금속 용출을 위하여 황산염 용매제의 적용성을 파악하는 것이다. AWS 실험은 전기로를 이용하여 다양한 baking 온도(100℃~500℃)와 황산염 용매제(H₂SO₄, K₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂SO₄, MgSO₄, CaSO₄) 조건에서 수행하였다. Baking 온도가 400℃까지 증가할수록 유용금속의 용출률은 증가하였다. 용출시간에 따른 AWS 실험결과, 최대 용출률 조건은 (NH₄)₂SO₄ 용매제이었다. 본 연구를 통하여 (NH₄)₂SO₄ 용매제가 AWS를 이용한 유용금속 용출에 있어 효과적인 용매제로 사용가능함을 입증하였다. The objective of this study was to investigate the application of sulfate solvents for the economic and eco-friendly leaching of valuable metals from Au concentrate using an acid bake-water leaching system (AWS). AWS experiments were performed using an electric furnace with various baking temperatures (100-500℃) and sulfate solvents (H₂SO₄, K₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂SO₄, MgSO₄, and CaSO₄). The efficiency of the valuable metal leaching increased as the baking temperature was increased to 400℃. Based on the AWS leaching time experiments, the maximum leaching rate occurred with the aqueous (NH₄)₂SO₄ solvent. This study demonstrates that aqueous (NH₄)₂SO₄ could be used as an effective solvent for valuable metal leaching using an AWS.

CPR 말뚝의 인발재하시험을 통한 주면마찰력 평가

고진석 ( Chin-surk Ko ),김정한 ( Jung-han Kim ),노정두 ( Jeongdu Noh ),강성승 ( Seong-seung Kang ) 대한지질공학회 2020 지질공학 Vol.30 No.1

CPR 시험말뚝에 대해 인발재하시험을 실시하고, 하중-변위 곡선과 하중-침하량 곡선을 분석한 후 항복하중과 허용지지력을 산정하여 주면마찰력을 평가하였다. 하중-변위 곡선으로부터 분석된 CPR 시험말뚝의 결과에 의하면, CPR 시험말뚝의 직경이 큰 경우의 항복하중과 허용지지력이 작은 경우보다 약 1.4배 이상 크게 나타났다. 하중-침하량 곡선으로 부터 분석된 결과에 의하면, CPR 시험말뚝의 직경 D500의 허용지지력이 D400보다 약 1.2~2.1배 큰 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, Fuller 분석에 의해 산정된 허용지지력은 P-S 곡선과 log P - log S 곡선에 의해 산정된 허용지지력과 큰 차이를 보여, Fuller 분석에 의한 허용지지력 산정은 적절하지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. Pull-out load tests were performed on a CPR (Compaction grouting compound Pile with Reinforce) test pile, with skin friction being evaluated by the yield load and allowable bearing capacity after analyzing load-displacement curves and load-settlement curves. Results of the CPR test piles analyzed from the load-displacement curves show that the yield load and allowable bearing capacity of the large-diameter CPR test pile were about 1.4 times larger than that of the small-diameter pile. Results of the load-settlement curves reveal that the allowable bearing capacity of the CPR test pile with diameter of D500 was 1.2~2.1 times greater than that of the pile with diameter of D400. However, the allowable bearing capacity calculated using Fuller’s analysis differed substantially from that determined using the P (Pull-out load) - S (Settlement) and log P - log S curves. Therefore, calculation of the allowable bearing capacity using Fuller’s analysis is shown to be inappropriate.

무등산국립공원 입석대 주상절리대에 대한 물리역학적 특성

고진석 ( Chin-surk Ko ),김마루찬 ( Maruchan Kim ),노정두 ( Jeongdu Noh ),강성승 ( Seong-seung Kang ) 대한지질공학회 2016 지질공학 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구는 무등산국립공원 주상절리대 중 입석대 주상절리대를 대상으로 물리역학적 특성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 무등산응회암에 대한 물리적 및 역학적 성질과 불연속면 특성, 주상절리대 주변의 진동 및 국지 기상 측정, 그리고 주상절리대 자체하중에 의한 지반변형을 살펴보았다. 물리적 성질의 경우 평균 공극률은 0.65%, 평균 비중은 2.69, 평균 밀도는 2.68 g/cm³, 평균 종파속도는 2411m/s로 나타났다. 역학적 성질의 경우 평균 일축압축강도는 323MPa, 평균 탄성계수는 81 GPa, 그리고 평균 포아송비는 0.25로 나타났다. 절리면 전단시험의 경우 평균 수직강성은 3.15 GPa/m, 평균 전단강성은 0.38 GPa/m, 평균 점착력은 0.50 MPa, 그리고 평균 내부마찰각은 35°로 나타났다. 절리면 거칠기를 측정한 결과 거칠기 상수(JRC) 표준도에 따르면 4~6 범위, JRC 차트에 따르면 1~1.5 범위가 우세하게 나타나 약간 거침 상태를 보였다. 또한 주상절리 표면에 대한 실버슈미트해머 반발경도 Q값을 측정한 결과 평균 57(약 90MPa)로 나타났으며, 이는 원래 일축압축강도의 약 28% 수준이다. 입석대 주상절리대 주변의 진동을 측정한 결과 최대 진동값은 0.57PPV (mm/s)~2.35 PPV (mm/s) 범위를 보여 주상절리대 주변의 탐방객들에 의해 발생되는 진동은 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 주상절리의표면 및 부근에서 온도, 습도, 풍속 등 국지기상을 측정한 결과 측정 당일의 날씨 영향을 크게 받은 것으로 나타났다. 입석대 주상절리대 자체하중에 의한 지반변형 상태를 수치해석한 결과, 오른쪽 지반에서 최대 변위는 지반거리가 약 2.5m일 때 최대값을 보이며, 6m까지 급격하게 감소하다가 그 이후부터는 미미하게 증가했다. 중간 지반에서 최대 변위는 지반거리가 0~2 m에서 최대값을 보이며, 3m에서 급격하게 감소하다가 12m에서 미미하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 그리고 왼쪽 지반에서 최대 변위는 지반거리가 5~6m일 때 최대값을 보이며, 6~10m까지 급격하게 감소하다가 그 이후부터는 미미하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. This study is to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties on the Ipseok-dae columnar joints of Mt. Mudeung National Park. For these purposes, physical and mechanical properties as well as discontinuity property on the Mudeungsan tuff, measurement of vibration and local meteorology around columnar joints, and ground deformation by self-weight of columnar joints were examined. For the physical and mechanical properties, average values were respectively 0.65% for porosity, 2.69 for specific gravity, 2.68 g/cm³ for density, and 2411 m/s for primary velocity, 323 MPa for uniaxial compressive strength, 81 GPa Young’s modulus, and 0.25 for Poisson’s ratio. For the joint shear test, average values were respectively 3.15 GPa/m for normal stiffness, 0.38 GPa/m for shear stiffness, 0.50 MPa for cohesion, and 35° for internal friction angle. The JRC standard and JRC chart was in the range of 4~6, and 1~1.5, respectively. The rebound value Q of silver schmidt hammer was 57 (≒ 90 MPa). It corresponds 20% of the uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock. The maximum vibration value around the Ipseok=dae columnar joints was in the range of 0.57 PPV (mm/ s)~2.35 PPV (mm/s). The local meteorology of surface temperature, air temperature, humidity, and wind on and around columnar joints appeared to have been greatly influenced the weather on the day of measurement. For the numerical analysis of ground deformation due to its self-weight of the Ipseok-dae columnar joints, the maximum displacement of the right ground shows when the ground distance is approximately 2 m, while drastically decreased by 2~4 m, thereafter was insignificant. The maximum displacement of the middle ground shows when the ground distance is approximately 0~2 m, while drastically decreased by 3~10 m, thereafter was insignificant. The maximum displacement of the left ground shows when the ground distance is approximately 5~6 m, while drasti-cally decreased by 6~10 m, thereafter was insignificant.

탄성파 간섭파를 이용한 가상 음원모음 연구

고진석 ( Chin-surk Ko ),장성형 ( Seong-hyung Jang ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2017 공학기술논문지 Vol.10 No.1

Seismic coda wave is the tail part of recorded seismogram which are the strongly scattered in inhomogeneous media. The cross-correlation of two signals from different receivers in the same domain are used to find out impulse response. For imaging subsurface, we can use the impulse response. In this study we calculated cross-correlation and virtual source gathers using seismic coda wave for synthetic and field data. For the synthetic data we use an ocean bottom seismic model (OBS). In order to make a virtual shot gather we define the first trace of the synthetic data from OBS model as a virtual source and performed the cross-correlation of the virtual source and every shot gather. For application of field data set, we choose a data set which it has the high amplitudes (Bottom Simulating Reflection: BSR) and made cross-correlation gathers and virtual source section. The gas zone on the stack image is shown in the cross-correlation section and the BSR on the stack image is also shown strong reflection amplitudes on the virtual shot gather.

탄성파 자료처리 프로그램 pygbt 개발

고진석 ( Chin-surk Ko ),푸레브오윤빌렉 ( Oyunbileg Purev ),장성형 ( Seonghyung Jang ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2020 공학기술논문지 Vol.13 No.2

Seismic data processing software for petroleum exploration usually has commercialized license and is expensive. Though there is the presence of open source software, it is hard for general users to use it since it needs specialized knowledge due to developer-oriented standards. Here, pygbt which is a script-oriented and user-oriented seismic data processing software based on Geobit software, is developed. This is based on Python-2.7.5 and PyQt4. The pygbt consists of the script file editor and the XSV, XSED, and XVA modules. The script file editor makes Geobit job files that have processing parameters. The XSV module plots seismic data, the XSED module shows the attributes of seismic data in graphic mode, and the XVA module serves as a velocity analysis tool. For the performance test of the pybdt, marine seismic field data are applied. Through the parameter analysis of each module, a proper procedure for seismic reflection data in the continental shelf is suggested. The flow of processing data includes amplitude correction, deconvolution, bandpass filtering, CMP sorting, velocity analysis, NMO correction, and stack.