영유아교사 인성교육지도역량 척도 개발

고은경(Eun Kyoung Goh),전효정(Hyo Jeong Jeon) 한국아동학회 2016 아동학회지 Vol.37 No.5

Objective: This study`s purpose was to develop a teaching competency scale for character education for early childhood teachers and to examine its reliability. Methods: The study procedure was as follows: First, scale items were generated by reviewing the literature as a deductive approach and focused interviews with 8 field experts in an inductive approach. Second, face validation was assessed by 7 academic experts, and statistical validation processes were done twice. The data used in the final statistical analyses included 206 questionnaires for early childhood teachers. Statistical validation included item response analysis, item discrimination analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. Results: The 3 factors identified were as follows: Communicate teaching competence, practical teaching competence, and instrumental teaching competence. The validity and reliability of the Teaching Competency Scale for Character Education in Early Childhood Teachers were acceptable. Conclusion: This new scale will be a useful tool to better support character education for early childhood teachers and contribute to providing a basis for developing more sophisticated tools.

IPA(중요도-수행도) 분석을 통한 유아교육기관 맥락에서의 유아의 공적 담론 참여 활성화 방안에 대한 교사의 인식

고은경(Goh, Eun-Kyoung),강진주(Kang, Jinju) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.14

본 연구의 목적은 유아의 공적 담론 참여 활성화 방안 내용에 대해 IPA 기법을 통해 유아교사의 중요도와 수행도 인식을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 유아 공적 담론 참여 활성화 방안 내용을 개발하기 위해 40명의 교사 및 전문가가 참여하였으며, 개발된 내용에 대해 300명의 유아교사가 응답하였다. 유아교사가 응답한 중요도와 수행도 간의 차이에 대해 대응표본 t 검정과 IPA 분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아 공적 담론 참여 활성화 방안의 모든 내용에 대해 유아교사의 중요도는 수행도보다 유의하게 더 높았다. 둘째, 유아교사들은 IPA 매트릭스에서 유아 공적 담론 참여 활성화 방안 내용 중 ‘교사들이 고려해야 할 조건’의 내용에 대해 유아교육기관에서 잘 유지되고 있는 것으로 인식하였다. 또한, 교사들은 ‘기관의 운영배경’을 우선 필요한 영역으로, ‘유아가 심의 가능한 내용’은 장기적인 관점에서 인식의 제고나 실천적인 지원이 필요한 영역으로 인식하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 유아교실 내 유아의 담론적 참여를 활성화하는 방안에 대해 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the early childhood teachers perceptions of the importance and performance regarding the activation plan for young children s participation in public discourse. Forty teachers and experts participated in developing the survey questionnaires and three hundred early childhood teachers responded to the questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using the paired sample t-test for the difference between the perceptions of importance and performance, and by the IPA graph to identify differences in the teachers perceptions of the importance and performance according categories of activation plan. The results of the study were as follows. First, the teachers perceived the importance of activation plan for participation in public discourse of young children to be high but low in performance. Second, IPA matrix displayed that most of the contents of conditions to be considered by teachers are recognized as being well maintained in early childhood education institutions. In addition, teachers recognized the “operational background of the institutions” as a priority support area, and “contents that children can deliberate” as areas to be needed for supporting the teachers’ long-term awareness and practices. Based on the results of this study, a discussion was made on ways to promote the discourse participation of young children within educational institutions.

잠재계층성장분석과 머신러닝에 의한 초등학교 저학년 학업수행능력의 종단 유형 예측

고은경(Goh, Eun-Kyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.18

The purpose of this study is to predict the longitudinal types of elementary school children s academic performance ability using latent class growth analysis and machine learning algorithms. The data of 406 children were used in the 8th-10th survey of the Korean Children s Panel from the 1st to 3rd grades of elementary school. The research results are as follows. First, the longitudinal types of academic performance during the first and third grades of elementary school were classified into high-retaining group (70.0%), rising group (22.2%), and decreasing group (7.9%). Second, in order to identify latent groups that are difficult to maintain stable academic performance during the 1-3 grades of elementary school, a model applied with four machine learning algorithms was developed. Among the machine learning models, the accuracy of the random forest model was .78, and the important predictors in this model were behavior control difficulties, planning-organization difficulties, and carelessness, which are sub-factors of executive function difficulties. Through this study, analysis using Korean Children s Panel data and machine learning was useful in predicting and discriminating children s academic performance, but it was discussed that additional data collection is necessary for more accurate analysis. 본 연구의 목적은 잠재계층성장분석과 머신러닝 알고리즘을 사용하여 초등학교 저학년 아동의 학업수행능력 종단 유형을 예측하기 위한 것이다. 초등학교 1학년부터 3학년에 걸쳐 실시된 한국아동패널 8-10차 조사에서 아동 406명의 자료를 활용하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 초등학교 1-3학년 동안 아동의 학업수행능력 종단 유형은 상위유지 집단(70.0%), 상승 집단(22.2%), 감소 집단(7.9%)으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 초등학교 1-3학년 동안 학업수행능력을 안정적으로 유지하기 어려운 잠재집단을 분별하기 위하여 4개의 머신러닝 알고리즘을 적용한 모델을 개발하였다. 머신러닝 모델 중 랜덤 포레스트 모델의 정확도는 .78이었고, 중요 예측변수는 집행기능 곤란의 하위요인인 행동통제 곤란, 계획-조직화 곤란, 부주의이었다. 본 연구를 통해 한국아동패널 데이터와 머신러닝을 활용한 분석이 아동의 학업수행능력을 예측하고 분별하는 데 유용하였으나, 더 정확한 분석을 위해서는 추가적인 자료수집이 필요함을 논의하였다.

성향점수매칭을 활용한 청소년 체험활동에 따른 삶의 만족도 효과

고은경(Goh Eun Kyoung),전효정(Jeon Hyo Jeong),엄성혜(Eom Sung Hye),이난희(Lee Nan Hee),김동진(Kim Dong Jin) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.9

본 연구는 성향점수매칭을 활용하여 청소년의 체험활동에 따른 삶의 만족도 효과를 알아본 것으로 한국아동·청소년패널조사(KCYPS)중 초4 패널의 2014년 (5차 자료, 중학교 2학년), 2015년(6차 자료, 중학교 3학년), 2016년(7차 자료, 고등학교 1학년)에 걸쳐 수집된 1,314명의 종단자료를 사용하였다. 초4 패널의 5차, 6차, 7차 자료에 공통적으로 조사된 변수들을 공변량으로 활용하였으며 성향점수매칭은 부구간 맞춤 방법을 적용하였으며, 매칭 전과 매칭 후의 평균을 각각 독립표본 t검정과 Welch’s t검정을 실시하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 팬덤활동이 중학교 2학년(t=-2.20), 3학년 시기(t=-2.07)에 청소년의 삶의 만족도를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 둘째, 고등학교 1학년 시기에는 교내동아리활동(t=-2.18)이 삶의 만족도를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 본 연구결과에 따라 청소년의 체험활동이 삶의 만족도에 보다 실제적으로 기여할 수 있기 위한 방향에 대해 논의하였다. This study investigated the differences in life satisfaction levels associated with the experience activities of adolescents by utilizing propensity score matching. Among the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYSPS), 1,314 longitudinal data collected over 5th (2nd grade of middle school student in 2014), 6th (3rd grade of middle school in 2015) and 7th (1st grade of high school student in 2016). All the variables commonly investigated in the fifth, sixth and seventh data of the grade 4th in elementary school panels were used as covariates, and propensity score matching was performed by applying weights according to the sections in the method of partial section fitting. The mean before and after matching was analyzed by performing independent sample t test and Welch s t test, respectively. The results of the study are as follows. First, the activities of the fandom significantly decreased the satisfaction level of the adolescent s life in the second grade (t =-2.20) and third grade (t =-2.07). Second, during the first grade of high school, school club activities (t =-2.18) significantly reduced life satisfaction of the adolescents. Based on the results of this study, we discussed the direction in which youth s experience activities can practically contribute to life satisfaction.

잠재프로파일분석과 머신러닝을 활용한 한국 초등학교 1학년 아동의 학교적응 예측

고은경(Eun Kyoung Goh),전효정(Hyo Jeong Jeon) 한국아동학회 2020 아동학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors of first graders’ school adjustment in Korean elementary school by using latent profile analysis and machine learning to predict and classify among the first-graders who have difficulty in school adjustment. Methods: Data from 1,010 children in the first grade of elementary school were used in the seventh to eighth surveys of the 2014-2015 Korean Childrens Panel. The output variable of machine learning is the school adjustment type of the eighth survey data, and the type and number of each school adjustment were determined by latent profile analysis of its sub-variables. The input variables for machine learning were the children’s gender and school readiness of the seventh data. In addition, the childrens difficulty in executive function, school preference, parents interest in school life, teachers teaching efficacy, and work stress included in the eighth data were selected as input variables. As a model for predicting childrens school adjustment type, four machine learning algorithms are used. Results: Three types of school adjustment were identified through latent profile analysis, with the lowest level of school adjustment being 13.1% of all children. “Difficulty in executive function” was the predictor of the lowest level of school adjustment in all machine learning models. The model that best classifies children at the lowest level of school adjustment was the gradient-boosted decision tree model, with an accuracy of 94%, a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 97%, and an AUC of .89. Conclusion: When using latent profile analysis and machine learning model, the difficulty in adjusting to school in the first graders of elementary school was most predicted by difficulty of the executive function; however, school readiness was not. This study suggested that cooperation between early childhood education and primary education based on empirical analysis is necessary for successful primary connection.

한국 초등학교 3학년 아동의 행복감 예측을 위한 머신러닝 알고리즘의 적용

고은경(Goh, Eun-Kyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.13

본 연구의 목적은 머신러닝 알고리즘을 사용하여 아동의 행복감을 예측하기 위한 것이다. 2017년에 실시된 한국아동패널 10차 데이터의 초등학교 3학년 아동 1,476명의 자료를 활용하였다. 아동의 행복감을 예측하는 모델로는 로지스틱 회귀 모델, 라쏘 로지스틱 회귀 모델, 랜덤포레스트 모델, 그레디언트-부스팅 의사결정나무 모델의 4가지 머신러닝 알고리즘을 사용하였고 민감도, 특이도, 정확도, AUC를 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 머신러닝 모델의 예측력은 네 가지 모델 모두 AUC가 .91로 우수하였다. 아동의 행복감을 예측하는 가장 중요한 변수는 학교선호도와 자아존중감이었다. 본 연구를 통해 한국아동패널 데이터를 이용한 머신러닝 모델이 아동의 행복감을 예측하고 분별하는 데 유용하다는 것을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study is to predict children s happiness using machine learning algorithms. Data from 1,476 elementary 3rd grade children from the Korean Children s Panel 10th data conducted in 2017 were used. The happiness prediction model used 4 machine learning algorithms: a logistic regression model, a logistic regression with lasso model, a random forest model, and a gradient-boosted decision tree model, and compared sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC. As a result of the analysis, the predictability of all 4 machine learning models was excellent at AUC of .91. School preference and self-esteem were important variables to predict children s happiness. Through this study, we confirmed that the machine learning model using Korean children s panel data is useful for predicting and discriminating children s happiness.

중국 연길시 조선족 유아교사의 놀이 개념 : 한,중 민간 협력 유치원을 중심으로

고은경 ( Eun Kyoung Goh ),윤갑정 ( Gab Jung Yoon ),정계숙 ( Kai Sook Chung ) 미래유아교육학회 2008 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.15 No.3

상호작용 매개자(agent)로서 장애유아의 또래 상호작용 특징 이해

고은경(Goh Eun-Kyoung),황정희(Hwang Jeong-Hee),정계숙(Chung Kai-Sook) 한국열린유아교육학회 2010 열린유아교육연구 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 상호작용 매개자로서 장애유아의 또래 상호작용 특징을 이해하기 위한 것으로 문화기술적 연구방법에 따라 다양한 통합교육 활동을 실행하고 있는 공립유치원 특수반에 재원 중인 3명의 장애유아를 연구 참여자로 선정하여 3월 중순에서 11월 중순까지 참여 및 비참여 관찰과 면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과 장애유아의 또래 상호작용 특징은 크게 상호작용 욕구 우회적 표현하기, 자기 드러내기, 적극적 전략으로 관여하기의 주제가 도출되었다. 상호작용 욕구 우회적 표현하기에는 같이 놀고 싶은 친구에 대한 관심을 교사에게 표현하기, 손으로 같이 놀고 싶은 또래를 가리키기, 또래 옆으로 가서 쳐다보기, 자기 드러내기에는 또래의 관심에 즐거움 표현하기, 자신감 표현하기, 유대감 확인시키기, 그리고 적극적 전략으로 관여하기에는 또래 모방하기, 관심 유도하기, 놀이 제안하기, 정보 제공하기, 놀이에 참여하여 놀이 활성화하기의 특징이 있었다. 이러한 결과에 기초하여 그 교육적 시사점을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of peer interaction as interaction agents of children with special needs through ethnographic research method. The subjects were three children in a special class in a public kindergarten. A participant observation, nonparticipant observation and interviews were applied from March to November. As a result, three different themes were selected as the characteristics of peer interactions of the children: Indirect expression of interaction needs, disclosure of oneself and play involvement through active strategies. Indirect expression of interaction needs was categorized into three points: Expressing interests in their peers whom they want to play with to a teacher, pointing at their peers with their fingers, and looking at their peers next to him. There were three characteristics about disclosure of themselves: Representing their gladness about their peers' interests in them, expressing self-confidence and confirming a bond. Concerning involvement through active strategies, five characteristics were found: Copying their peer behaviors, drawing attention, proposing to play, providing information and participating in/boosting play. Finally, what implications the findings of the study have for inclusive early childhood education were discussed.

유아기 학교준비도 유형이 초등학교 1학년 아동의 학교적응 유형에 미치는 영향 : 잠재전이분석의 적용

고은경(Goh, Eun-Kyoung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.15

본 연구의 목적은 유아기 학교준비도와 초등학교 입학 후 학교적응의 잠재프로파일을 분류하여, 두 잠재계층 간의 전이비율을 살펴보고, 전이 유형에 영향을 주는 변인을 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널 7~8차 조사의 아동 1,010명의 자료를 활용하여 잠재전이분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아기 학교준비도의 잠재프로파일 계층 유형은 고수준(63.6%)과 저수준(36.4%)의 2계층으로 구분되었고, 초등학교 1학년의 학교적응 잠재프로파일 계층 유형은 고수준(58.2%), 중수준(28.7%), 저수준(13.1%)의 3계층으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 학교적응 고수준 집단으로 전이된 비율은 학교준비도의 저수준 계층에서 54.3%, 학교준비도 고수준 계층에서 60.4%이다. 학교적응 저수준 집단으로 전이된 비율은 학교준비도 저수준 계층에서 12.0%, 학교준비도 고수준 계층에서 14.9%이다. 셋째, 학교준비도 계층과 무관하게 학교적응의 큰 위험요인은 집행기능 곤란이었다. 또한, 학교준비도의 저수준 계층에서 여아는 남아보다 학교적응의 고수준으로 전이되는데 유리하며, 부모의 관심은 학교적응의 보호요인이 되는 경향이 있다. 유아기 교육에서 초등학교로의 연계과정에서 아동이 학교생활에 적응하는데 집행기능의 영향력을 고려할 필요가 있으며, 특히 학교준비도 수준이 낮은 경우에 남아에 대한 지원과 부모의 관심이 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to classify latent profiles of school readiness in early childhood and school adjustment after entering elementary school, examine the transfer rate between the two latent classes, and identify variables affecting transfer type. To this end, latent transition analysis was conducted using data from 1,010 children from the 7th and 8th surveys of the Korean Children s Panel. The research results are as follows. First, the types of latent profiles in early childhood school readiness were divided into two levels: high (63.6%) and low (36.4%). The types of latent profile adjustment to primary school students were classified into three levels: high (58.2%), middle (28.7%), and low (13.1%). Second, the rate of transition from the low level of school readiness to the high level of school adjustment was 54.3%, and the rate of transition from the high level of school readiness to the high level of school adjustment was 60.4%. The rate of transition from the low level of school readiness to the low level of school adjustment was 12.0%, and the rate of transfer from the high level of school readiness to the low level of school adjustment was 14.9%. Third, regardless of the degree of school preparation, the major risk factor for school adjustment was difficulty in the executive function. And in the low-level class of school readiness, girls are more likely to be transferred to higher levels of school adjustment than boys, and parental interest tends to be a protective factor for school adjustment. In the process of linking from early childhood education to elementary school, it is necessary to consider the effect of the executive function on children adapting to school life. In particular, when the level of school readiness is low, support for boys and parental attention may be needed.

아동의 모래놀이치료에서 물(水)을 통한 연행의 상징 분석

고은경(Eun Kyoung Goh),정계숙(Kai Sook Chung) 한국아동학회 2011 아동학회지 Vol.32 No.3

The purpose of this study was to understand the archetypical symbols present when conducting sandplay therapy with water from a hermeneutic point of view. The research participants were 6 children aged 8~9 who experienced problems in parent-children relationships. The result were as follows: The nature of archetypical symbols of present when working with water can be structured along two themes, vertical movements and horizontal movements. In vertical movements with three sub-themes, the meaning of ``to put in and boil out`` is interpreted as ``mother`s feeding baby``, the meaning of ``to sink and bring out of water`` is interpreted as ``resource acquisition``, ``to swamp and float on the water`` represents ``death and rebirth``. In horizontal movements consisted of two sub- themes, the meaning of ``to be swept away`` is interpreted as ``initiation and conversion``, the meaning of ``to wave and fix`` is interpreted as ``to overcome the difficulties and create stability``.