갑상선암의 최신지견 : 갑상선암의 초음파, 세포 및 유전자 진단

강호철 ( Ho Cheol Kang ) 대한내과학회 2009 대한내과학회지 Vol.77 No.5

Thyroid nodules are very common in adults, but only small fraction of them are malignant. The primary aim in investigating a thyroid nodule is to exclude the possibility of malignancy, which occurs in about 5% of nodules. Thyroid ultrasonography (US) provides not only anatomic details of the nodule, but also features of nodules that increase the likelihood of malignancy. Hypoechogenicity, ill-defined margin, microcalcifications, taller-than-wide shape, and associated pathologic cervical lymphadenopathies are important US features, suggesting thyroid cancer. These findings are helpful in risk stratification of the nodules and in deciding which nodule should be sampled in multinodular goiter. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) is the most accurate diagnostic test for most thyroid nodules, but the challenge remains in indeterminate cytologic category and inadequate samples. US-guided FNA can improve the diagnostic yield by reducing non-diagnostic specimens, and especially useful in thyroid nodules that are impalpable, posteriorly located, densely-calcified, or mixed solid-cystic. There has been significant progress in biomarkers that could improve the accuracy of FNA and predict disease aggressiveness. Physicians caring for patients with thyroid nodules need to develop a rational, cost-effective approach to ordering and interpreting imaging and diagnostic tests in the evaluation of the thyroid nodule. (Korean J Med 77:543-551, 2009)

분산액에서의 Copper Chromite 합성 및 Methyl Dodecanoate의 수소화반응

강호철 ( Ho Cheol Kang ),이상훈 ( Sang Hoon Lee ),박종목 ( Jong Mok Park ),김동표 ( Dong Pyo Kim ),이병민 ( Byung Min Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2009 공업화학 Vol.20 No.2

불현성 갑상선기능저하증의 선택적 치료

강호철 ( Ho-cheol Kang ) 대한갑상선학회 2009 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.2 No.2

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined by the presence of a raised TSH level but normal circulating free T₄ and T₃ levels. This condition is a common problem, with an overall prevalence of 4% to 10% in the general population. The fundamental clinical question regarding patients with SCH is whether they should be treated with thyroid hormones. When the TSH is above 10 mIU/L, levothyroxine therapy is generally agreed to be appropriate, however, routine treatment of SCH patients with TSH ranging 4.5∼10 mIU/L has been controversial. With lower TSH levels, individualized therapy may be appropriate. Clinical characteristics of SCH patients who are more likely to benefit from early therapy include high risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism, symptomatic patients, associated cardiovascular risk factors, cardiac dysfunction, pregnancy, infertility, and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. Large-scale randomized studies are needed for the development of uniform recommendations regarding levothyroxine treatment for patients with SCH.

Images in Medicine : Trousseau`s Sign

강호철 ( Kang Ho Cheol ) 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회지 Vol.64 No.6

1개월 전 갑상샘유두암종에 대한 갑상샘전절제술 후 발생한 손발 저림을 주소로 내원한 62세 여자환자이다. 부갑상샘저하증 의심 하에 외래에서 Trousseau`s sign을 확인하였다. 혈압계의 혈압측정띠를 상박에 감고 수축기 혈압보다 높게 유지 후 약 2분이 지난 후 엄지의 모음(adduction)이 관찰되었으며 시간의 경과에 따라(그림 A→D) 엄지 모음의 정도가 심해지며 손허리손가락관절(metacarpophalangeal joints)의 굽힘(fle

회분 병류 4단 평형추출에 의한 폐플라스틱 열분해유 유분 중의 파라핀 성분의 회수

강호철 ( Ho-cheol Kang ),신성순 ( Sung Soon Shin ),김두한 ( Doo Han Kim ),김수진 ( Su Jin Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2018 공업화학 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구는 폐플라스틱 열분해유(WPPO) 유분의 품질향상의 일환으로 유분 중에 함유된 파라핀 성분의 회수를 회분 병류 4회 평형추출에 의해 검토했다. 원료로서는 WPPO를 단증류하여 회수한 유출온도 120-350 ℃의 유분을, 용매로서는 소량의 물이 첨가된 디메틸포름아마이드(DMF) 용액을 각각 사용했다. 평형추출 횟수(n)와 파라핀 성분의 탄소수가 증가할수록 추잔유 중에 함유된 파라핀 성분의 농도는 증가했다. n = 4에서 회수된 추잔유 중의 C₁₂, C₁₄, C₁₆, C₁₈ 파라핀 성분의 농도는 원료의 농도에 비해 약 1.2, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8배 각각 높았다. 파라핀 성분의 회수율(추잔유 중의 잔류율)은 n가 증가할수록 급격히 감소하고 탄소수가 큰 성분일수록 급격히 증가했다. 또한, 원료 중에 함유된 전체 파라핀 성분(C₇-C₂₄)에 대한 n = 1 - 4에서의 회수율을 예측 가능했다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 회수한 추잔유는 신재생에너지로 사용이 가능할 것이라 기대된다. The recovery of paraffin components contained in the fraction as a part of improving the quality for the fraction of waste plastics pyrolysis oil (WPPO) was investigated by batch cocurrent 4 stages equilibrium extraction. The fraction at a distilling temperature of 120-350 ℃ recovered from WPPO by the simple distillation and a little water-added dimethylformamide (DMF) solution were used as a raw material and solvent, respectively. As the number of equilibrium extraction (n) and the carbon number of paraffin component increased, the concentration of paraffin component contained in the raffinate increased. The concentrations of C₁₂, C₁₄, C₁₆ and C₁₈ paraffin components present in the raffinate recovered at n = 4 were about 1.2, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.8 times higher than those of using the raw materials, respectively. Recovery rates (residue rates present in raffinate) of paraffin components rapidly decreased with increasing n, and increased sharply with increasing the carbon number. Furthermore, it was possible to predict the recovery rates at n = 1 - 4 for all paraffin components (C₇-C₂₄) contained in the raw material. The raffinate recovered through this study is expected to be used as a renewable energy.

델피안림프절

강호철 ( Ho-cheol Kang ),김희경 ( Hee-kyung Kim ) 대한갑상선학회 2009 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.2 No.2

GAIVBE 기법에 의한 GaN 박막의 형성과 그 활용성에 관한 연구

강호철(Ho Cheol Kang),강이구(Ey Goo Kang),이종석(Jong Suk Lee),성만영(Man Young Sung),박성희(Sung Hee Park) 대한전기학회 1999 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.7

용매 추출에 의한 조제 메틸나프탈렌유에 함유된 함질소화합물의 저감에 관한 실험적 연구(Ⅱ)

강호철 ( Ho-cheol Kang ),김수진 ( Su Jin Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2022 공업화학 Vol.33 No.5

조제 메틸나프탈렌유(CMNO)의 품질향상의 일환으로, 본 연구는 포름아미드 추출에 의한 CMNO에 함유된 함 질소화합물(NC)의 저감을 실험적으로 검토했다. 원료로서는 3종류의 NC [퀴놀린(QU), 이소퀴놀린(IQU), 인돌(IN)], 3종류의 2환 방향족화합물[BAC; 나프탈렌(NA), 1-메틸나프탈렌(1MNA), 2-메틸나프탈렌(2MNA)]과 비페닐(BP) 등이 함유된 CMNO를, 용매로서는 포름아미드 수용액을 각각 사용했다. 초기 용매에 함유된 물의 체적분율(y_w,0)의 증가는 3종류의 NC의 분배계수와 수율을 급격히 감소시켰으나, 역으로 2MNA을 기준한 NC의 선택도를 증가시켰다. 일정한 조건[y_w,0 = 0.1, 초기 원료(CMNO)에 대한 용매의 체적분율 = 1, 조작온도 = 303 K, 액-액 접촉시간 = 72 h]하의 회분 병류 5단 평형추출을 통해 회수된 추잔유 중의 QU, IQU와 IN의 조성은 CMNO에 비해 각각 약 51.5%, 55.2%와 71.8% 저감되었다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 우수한 NC의 저감율로부터 본 연구의 포름아미드 추출법은 CMNO에 함유된 NC의 저감법으로 기대되었다. As a part of improving the quality of crude methylnaphthalene (CMNO), this study was experimentally examined the reduction of nitrogen-containing compounds (NC) present in the CMNO by solvent extraction. The CMNO was composed of three kinds of NC [quinolone (QU), iso-quinoline (IQU), indole (IN)], three kinds of bicyclic aromatic compound [BAC; naphthalene (NA), 1-methylnaphthalene (1MNA), 2-methylnaphthalene (2MNA)] and biphenyl (BP) etc., in addition to an aqueous formamide solution, which were used as raw materials and a solvent, respectively. The increase in the volume fraction of water to the solvent in the initial state (y_w,0) caused a sharp decrease in the distribution coefficient and the yield of NC, but conversely raised the increased selectivity of NC based on 2MNA. The compositions of QU, IQU and IN in the raffinate oil recovered through the equilibrium extraction of batch co-current 5-stage under constant conditions [y_w,0 = 0.1, volume fraction of solvent to feed (CMNO) at the initial state = 1, operating temperature = 303 K, liquid-liquid contacting time = 72 h] were reduced by about 51.5%, 55.2%, and 71.8%, respectively, when compared to those of CMNO. From the excellent reduction rate of NC, the formamide extraction method suggested in this study can be expected to be a useful reduction method for NC contained in the CMNO.

혜성꼬리허상

강호철 ( Ho-cheol Kang ),김희경 ( Hee-kyung Kim ) 대한갑상선학회 2008 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.1 No.1

증례 : 갑상선결절로 내원한 Zenker씨 게실 1예

강호철 ( Ho Cheol Kang ) 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.67 No.-