압전 에너지 하베스팅의 이해

강형원,한승호,이형규,박정욱 대한전기학회 2014 전기의 세계 Vol.63 No.8

화병 임상진료지침 IV. (약물치료와 침구치료)

강형원,이승기,이재혁,박보라,유영수,Kang, Hyung-Won,Lee, Seung-Gi,Lee, Jae-Hyuk,Park, Bo-Ra,Lyu, Yeoung-Su 대한한방신경정신과학회 2013 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.24 No.suppl1

Objectives : The Hwabyung Research Center of The Korean Society Of Oriental Neuropsychiatry has attempted to develop the 'Clinical Guidelines for Hwabyung'. Methods : The Hwabyung Research Center constructed a committee of experts and advisory group. Relevant literature was collected and evaluated in order to find out effective Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, and cupping of Hwabyung. Results : We found some evidences that proved the effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, and cupping in the treatment of Hwabyung. 1) We recommend Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, psychotherapy and management, other therapeutic approaches and education for Hwabyung. 2) Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine) should be determined according to the pattern identification of Korean medicine. Further, the prescription should be cost-effective, safe and have no side effects. Also, the interaction between Herbal and Western drugs should be considered carefully. 3) There are general acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, Pharmacopuncture, Sa-am acupuncture as well as acupuncture treatments for Hwabyung. 4) Moxibustion and cupping are useful, relieving various somatic symptoms of Hwabyung. Conclusions : Pharmacotherapy (Herbal medicine), Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Cupping for Hwabyung were studied. We hope that the 'Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Hwabyung' are helpful for oriental medical doctors and patients.

압전 세라믹의 진동모드 및 압전 특성값의 측정

강형원,박휘열,한승호,이형규,Gang, Hyeong-Won,Park, Hwi-Yeol,Han, Seung-Ho,Lee, Hyeong-Gyu 한국전기전자재료학회 2012 전기전자재료 Vol.25 No.4

LMK02의 품질규격화와 $A{\beta}$ 올리고머에 의해 유도된 희주해마 H19-7세포주에 미치는 항치매효과

강형원,김상태,손형진,한평림,조형권,이영재,류영수,Kang, Hyung-Won,Kim, Sang-Tae,Son, Hyeong-Jin,Han, Pyeong-Leem,Cho, Hyoung-Kwon,Lee, Young-Jae,Lyu, Yeoung-Su 대한동의생리학회 2009 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.23 No.2

For standardization of LMK02 quality, Ginsenoside Rg3 of Red Ginseng and Decursin of Angelica gigas Nakai in the constituents of LMK02 were estimated as indicative components. From LMK02 water extract, has been used in vitro test for its beneficial effects on neuronal survival and neuroprotective functions, particularly in connection with APP-related dementias and Alzheimer's disease (AD). $A{\beta}$ oligomer derived from proteolytic processing of the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein (APP), including the amyloid-${\beta}$ peptide ($A{\beta}$), play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia. We determined that oligomer amyloid-${\beta}$ ($A{\beta}$) have a profound attenuation in the increase in rat hippocampus H19-7 cells from. Experimental evidence indicates that LMK02 protects against neuronal damage from cells, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Using a hippocampus cell line on $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, we demonstrated that LMK02 inhibits formation of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, which are the behavior, and possibly causative, feature of AD. In the Red Ginseng, the average amounts of Ginsenoside Rg3 were $47.04{\mu}g/g$ and $42.3{\mu}g/g$, 90 % of its weight were set as a standard value. And, in the Angelica gigas Nakai, the average amounts of Decursin were 2.71 mg/g and 2.44mg/g, 90 % of its weight were also set as a standard value. The attenuated $A{\beta}$ oligomer in the presence of LMK02 was observed in the conditioned medium of this $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced cells under in vitro. In the cells, LMK02 significantly activated antiapoptosis and decreased the production of ROS. These results suggest that neuronal damage in AD might be due to two factors: a direct $A{\beta}$ oligomer toxicity and multiple cellular and molecular neuroprotective mechanisms, including attenuation of apoptosis and direct inhibition of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, underlie the neuroprotective effects of LMK02 treatment.

변수 간 어텐션 메커니즘을 활용한 트랜스포머 기반 다변량 시계열 이상치 탐지

강형원,정의석,박경찬,강필성 대한산업공학회 2022 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

釣鉤藤이 酸素自由基에 의하여 損傷된 培量脊髓感覺神經節細胞에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

강형원,박진성,류영수,Jin Mo Chung,이건목 대한한방신경정신과학회 2000 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

To study the effects of Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) on oxygen free radical-mediated damage by hydrogen peroxide (H-2O-2) on cultured spinal sensory neurons, in vitro assays such as MTT assay, NR assay, neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay (EIA), sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and assay for lipid peroxidation were used in cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons derived from mice. Spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons were cultured in media containing various concentrations of H-2O-2 for 5 hours, after which the neurotoxic effect of H-2O-2 was measured by in vitro assay. The protective effect of the herb extract, Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity was also examined. The results are as follows. 1. In NR assay and MTT assay, H-2O-2 sigruficantly decreased the cell viability of cultured mouse spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons according to exposure concentration in these cultures. An additional time course study was done on these cultures. 2. Cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons which were exposed to various concentrations of H-2O-2 showed a quantitative decrease of neuronal cells by EIA and of total protein by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while they showed an increase of both lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. 3. The effect of Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) on H-2O-2 induced neurotoxicity showed a quantitative increase in both neurofilament and total protein, but showed a decrease of lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. These results suggest that H-2O-2 has a neurotoxic effect on cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice and that the herb extract, Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU), was very effective in protecting H-2O-2 induced neurotoxicity by decreasing lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. “This work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Project.”

香氣療法

강형원 한국예술치료학회 2002 월례학술발표회 Vol.1 No.-

조세소송상 입증책임배분의 공평성에 관한 연구

강형원,홍정화 한국세무학회 2014 세무학 연구 Vol.31 No.2

This study is to materialize the factors of the issues in tax litigation, and analyze how the factors influence the realization of equity on the burden of proof issue. This study, particularly, focuses on the importance of the information that proves the requiring facts. Although the burden of proof is a legal issue, the new approach to find the equity of the allocation of the burden of proof under the changes in tax environment is sought in this study as the litigant’s (taxpayer, tax agent, the authority) perception about the concept of ‘equity’ is important. However, there are so many different types of tax cases dealt in tax litigations that are hard to enumerate. So this study is to derive the problems by comparing the content of precedents, perception of the parties concerned with the theory review, precedents analyses, and survey research about the presumption of donation from the profits on asset under/over value under the Inheritance and Gift Tax Act Article 35. The presumption of donation from the profits on asset under/over value under the Inheritance and Gift Tax Act Article 35-2 was modeled as the empirical analysis in this study. And under this term, the difficulties on the determination on legitimacy, difficulties on market value calculation, difficulties on presumption of donation, and barriers to information were chosen as the factors to recognize the concept of ‘equity’ for both parties of the authority and taxpayer to bear the burden of proof. Hypothesis was developed on how each factor influences the realization of equity on the burden of proof issue. By building 1 hypothesis to each factor, the surveys on the results of the reliability analysis (utilizing the Cronbach’s Alpha), the results of factor analysis to measure validity, and correlation analysis among the variations were conducted. The results from testing the hypothesis of the empirical study on this study are as follows:First, the difficulties on judgment to legitimacy did not bring the negative outcome on the realization of equity to the allocation on the burden of proof as a result of verifying how difficulties on judgment to legitimacy influence the realization of inequity to the allocation on the burden of proof. Second, difficulties on market value calculation did show negative results on the realized equality about the allocation of the burden of proof, particularly to taxpayer group. Third, the difficulties on presumption of donation did not showed negative results on the realization of equity to the allocation of the burden of proof. Also, they did not show any difference between groups or levels of tax groups. Fourth, the barriers to information showed negative results in realization of equity to the allocation of the burden of proof as well as significant results from every group/level of tax group. Fifth, the authority group and tax agent group resulted in insignificant analyses based on the changes in allocation of the burden of proof significant, but the taxpayer group showed vice versa. 본 연구는 조세소송에서 소송 당사자가 입증을 부담하는 사건의 쟁점과 입증책임을 이행하는데 영향을 미치는 요소를 도출하고, 각 요소가 입증책임의 공평성 실현에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 입증책임은 법률적인 문제이기는 하나 소송 당사자들의 인식이 중요하므로 설문조사를 통해 이를 파악하였다. 본 연구에서는 재산의 저가․고가 거래에 따른 이익의 증여추정을 중심으로 연구를 전개한 후 조세소송에서 나타나는 입증책임 문제들은 유사한 범주내에 있다고 보고 조세소송 전반의 입증책임 배분에 대한 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. 정당성판단의 곤란성, 시가산정의 곤란성, 증여추정의 곤란성, 정보접근의 곤란성이 입증책임의 공평성 인식에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 설문조사방법을 선택하였으며, 납세자(일반 기업의 회계분야 담당자 포함)와 세무대리인, 세무공무원의 3개 직군으로 나누어 항목별로 리커트 5점 척도를 사용하여 측정하였다. 설문지는 2013년 5월 1일부터 5월 10일까지 직접배포와 이메일을 이용하여 발송하였고 회수도 동일한 방법으로 실시하였다. 가설의 검증결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정당성 판단의 곤란성이 입증책임배분의 공평성 인식에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검증한 결과, 정당성 판단의 곤란성은 입증책임의 공평성 인식에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 시가산정의 곤란성은 입증책임배분의 공평성 인식에 부정적인 영향을 미치며 특히 납세자직군에서 유의하였다. 셋째, 증여추정의 곤란성은 입증책임 배분의 공평성 인식에 유의한 영향은 없는 것으로 나타나며 세부담 수준이나 응답직군에 차이가 없었다. 넷째, 정보접근의 곤란성은 입증책임 배분의 공평성 인식에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 입증책임배분의 공평성 인식에 미치는 영향의 정도는 세부담별로 차이를 보인다. 다섯째, 입증책임 배분의 공평성 인식이 조세회피성향에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석한 결과, 조세회피성향을 낮추는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며. 입증책임배분의 공평성이 높을수록 조세회피성향은 낮아지는데 특히 납세자직군에서 유의한 차이가 있었고 세부담은 영향이 없었다.

압전 소자 설계용 Library 구축을 위한 물성 측정법

강형원,한승호,이형규,Gang, Hyeong-Won,Han, Seung-Ho,Lee, Hyeong-Gyu 한국전기전자재료학회 2014 전기전자재료 Vol.27 No.6

일체형 인치웜 방식 액츄에이터의 설계 및 특성

강형원,최용준,이형규,Kang, Hyung-Won,Choi, Yong-Jun,Lee, Hyeung-Gyu 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.8

The new design of inchworm-type piezoelectric actuator is presented in this paper, Compared to conventional inchworm-type actuators, which are composed of more than three piezoelectric bodies, we can reduce the number of piezoelectric bodies by employing the proposed design, resulting in only one piezoelectric body. The overall size of the proposed actuator which consists of one piezoelectric body, two clamping parts and one extending part, is only $5{\times}6{\times}9 [mm^3]$ (DWL). The actuating characteristics of fabricated Monolithic Inchworm Type Actuator(MITA), were found to be a displacement of $0.3{\mu}m$, a generating force of 0.6N and an electric power of 0.5W.