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김기훈 ( Ki Hoon Kim ),강내규 ( Nae Kyu Kang ),송우람 ( Uh Ram Song ),이은주 ( Eun Ju Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.2
Salicornia europaea (glasswort) is succulent, annual, halophytic plant mainly distributed throughout reclaimed land or salt marsh. It has strong tolerance to salt so that it plays the part of the pioneer species in the first succession. According to domestic and foreign studies, S. europaea contains plenty of minerals and antioxidant in the body. Since people take note of an availableness of this plant as health diet, the natural growth sites are threatened. In addition to development of salt marsh and sea shore, imprudent harvest has a bad effect to S. europaea population maintenance. To seek ways to preserve the population of this plant, we carried out the continuity of seed germination and restoration test. Seokmo Island, Daebu Island, Youngjong Island and Sudokwon landfill in Korea are selected sites for research. Result of germination continuity shows that most S. europaea seeds germinate on March but no more after July. However the germination was occurred after that time in the greenhouse. So we concluded that no germination after July is a matter of environmental condition not the number of remaining seeds. Also germination was seldom occurred in the spot where seeds production was not happened. In result of continuity test of seed germination by soil depth, germination was occurred vigorously only in top soil. From these results, we note that most S. europaea germinate in the early spring, and germination is finished by July. And this rapid germination speed makes the number of seeds in soil seed bank rare. If a large number of S. europaea in some area are harvested after July, the number of this species will dramatically decrease in that area the following year. In Seokmo Island, we carried out reintroduction experiment by sowing S. europaea seeds. On the first year, a small number of S. europaea settled and they produced seeds successfully. On April 2010, the second year, we observed many S. europaea in seed sowing sites. And we found out that plowing is more efficient than treatment sea water for settlement of S. europaea.
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카르보디이미드 반응과 실란 커플링을 이용한 모발강화 효과
손성길 ( Seong Kil Son ),최원경 ( Wonkyung Choi ),임병택 ( Byung Tack Lim ),송상훈 ( Sang-hun Song ),강내규 ( Nae Kyu Kang ) 대한화장품학회 2018 대한화장품학회지 Vol.44 No.2
화학적으로 손상된 모발은 모발 자체의 물리적 특성이 약해져서 일상생활 중에 외부 자극에 취약하다. 본 연구의 목적은 모발 케라틴 단백질간의 화학적 결합이 모발의 인장강도를 회복이 반복적인 빗질 하에서 더 이상의 모발 악화를 방지하는지 여부를 결정하는 데 있다. 손상된 모발은 펌 시술을 통해 얻었다. 펌 손상 모발을 관능성 가교제인 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)을 이용하여 실란 커플링 및 카르보디이미드 반응을 통해 모발 내부에 가교 결합이 형성되도록 처리하였다. 인장 강도, 영률 및 고원 응력(plateau stress)을 포함한 물리적 특성을 측정하여 내부 가교 결합의 효과를 확인하였고, 가교 결합의 존재는 Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) 분광법으로 확인하였다. 모발 절단 및 갈라짐의 정도는 건조 상태 모발의 반복적 빗질 시험으로 평가하였다. 결과적으로 화학적으로 손상된 모발의 물리적 성질은 내부 가교 결합으로 회복되었다. APTES의 실란 커플링 및 카르보디이미드 반응의 결합은 FT-IR 스펙트럼으로 확인하였다. 열을 가하면서 반복적으로 빗어 낸 후 모발의 절단 및 갈라짐 방지가 확인되었다. 인간의 모발은 펌 시술을 포함한 화학적 손상으로 약화될 수 있으므로 이러한 특성을 복원하는 것은 헤어 케어 업계의 주요 과제다. 본 연구에서는 화학적 결합을 통해 손상된 모발의 내부에 가교 결합 형성이 모발의 건강을 회복시키는 강력한 방법이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. Chemically damaged hair is vulnerable to external stimuli in daily life due to the weakened physical properties of the hair strand itself. The purpose of this work was to determine whether chemical conjugation between hair keratin proteins restores tensile strength and thus results inpreventing further deterioration under repeated combing. A model damaged hair tress was produced by a typical perm-process. Then, it was internally crosslinked by the bifunctional crosslinker (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), via both silane coupling and carbodiimide chemistry. Physical properties, including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and plateau stress, were measured to verify the effect of internal crosslinking, and the existence of crosslinking was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The degrees of hair breakage and split ends were evaluated by repeated combing-drying tests. Physical properties of chemically damaged hair were restored by internal crosslinking. Successful crosslinking of APTES via both silane coupling and carbodiimide chemistry was verified by FT-IR spectra. Prevention of breakage and split ends after repeated combing with heat was observed. Human hair can be weakened by chemical damage including perm-processing, so restoring such properties is a major issue in the hair care industry. This work shows that internal crosslinking of damaged hair via chemical conjugation would be a potent method to restore the healthy hair.
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난용성 약물인 Isoflavone계 화합물을 함유한 하이드로콜로이드 패치의 물리화학적 특성
이선화(Sun Hwa Lee),심우선(Woo Sun Shim),류종성(Jong Seong Ryu),박선규(Sun Gyoo Park),이천구(Cheon Koo Lee),김기현(Ki Hyun Kim),정성훈(Seong Hoon Jeong),강내규(Nae Kyu Kang) 한국고분자학회 2016 폴리머 Vol.40 No.3
Genistein과 daidzein은 isoflavone 계열의 약물로써 다양한 암의 치료 및 예방, 항산화, 항염 활성 효과를 나타내는 물질이다. 그러나 이 약물들은 용해성이 좋지 않아 약물을 포함하는 크림 형태의 에멀젼에 적용하여 피부를 통해 전달하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 하이드로콜로이드 패치라는 TDDS(transdermal drug delivery system)를 이용하여 genistein과 daidzein과 같은 난용성 약물을 피부에 전달하였다. 패치가 에멀젼보다 피부로 잘 흡수되는 것을 돼지 피부(porcine skin)를 이용한 투과 실험 및 confocal microscopy로 확인하였으며, 이는 패치의 밀폐효과(occlusive effect)에 의해 피부 내로 잘 흡수된 것이다. 하이드로콜로이드 패치는 에멀젼 형태의 크림보다 난용성 약물을 피부내로 전달하는데 더 좋은 방법이며, 사용하기 편리하므로 효과적인 화장품으로써 가치가 있다. Genistein and daidzein, phytoestrogens belonging to the isoflavone class, have a role in the treatment and prevention of various cancers, antioxidant and anti-inflammation activity. However, it is difficult to deliver through the skin from applying the emulsion such as cream containing them because these drugs are nearly insoluble in aqueous solutions. In this study, the hydrocolloid patch including poorly soluble drugs such as genistein and daidzein was used as the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) to deliver them through the skin. It was confirmed that the patches are helpful for the drugs to be absorb much and more deeply than the cream due to the occlusive effect of patch, which was verified from the porcine skin and the confocal microscopy. The hydrocolloid patch is a better way to deliver the poorly soluble drugs through the skin than the general cosmetics such as emulsion-based cream, and is valuable as effective cosmetics due to its convenient usage.
ScienceON
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