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4-N,N-Dimethylamino-4'-N'- Mothy1-stilbazolium tosylate의 수화물
홍형기,윤춘섭,서일환,이진호,최성산,오미란,Hong Hyung-Ki,Yoon Choon Sup,Suh Il-Hwan,Lee Jin-Ho,Choi Sung-San,Oh Mi-Ran,Marder Seth R. Korea Crystallographic Association 1997 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.8 No.1
표제화합물의 결정구조는 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium, $C_{16}H_{19}N_2$와 tosylate, $C_7H_7SO_3$의 불연속한 이분자체로 구성되어 있다. 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium 분자는 중간에 있는 C=C double bond에서 trans conformation을 가지고 있으며 phenyl 및 pyridyl ring들간의 이면각은 $5.7(2)^{\circ}$을 이루어 전분자는 $0.138(8){\AA}$ 내에서 평면을 이루고 있다. Tosylate 분자들은 거리가 각각 2.855(9) and $2.899(8){\AA}$인 O-H...O 수소결합으로 연결된 이분자체를 나타내고 있다. 이 두 분자간의 가장 가까운 거리는 O(3)와 C(16) 원자간의 $3.10(1){\AA}$이다. The crystal structure of the title compound consists of discrete 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium, $C_{16}H_{19}N_2$, and tosylate, $C_7H_7SO_3$, dimer. The 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium molecule has a trans conformation at the central C=C double bond: the dihedral angle between the phenyl and the pyridyl rings is $5.7(2)^{\circ}$ and the whole molecule is planar within $0.138(8){\AA}$. Tosylate molecules display hydrogen-bonded dimers with the O-H...O distances of 2.855(9) and $2.899(8){\AA}$, respectively. The shortest intermolecular contact is the distance $3.10(1){\AA}$ between O(3) and C(16).
김승렬,운동현,홍형기,권철한,이규정 ( Seung Ryeol Kim,Dong Hyun Yun,Hyung Ki Hong,Chul Han Kwon,Kyu Chung Lee ) 한국센서학회 1997 센서학회지 Vol.6 No.6
The thick films of oxide semiconductors such as WO₃, SnO₂ and ZnO for the NO₂ detection of sub-ppm range have been prepared and their characteristics were investigated. It is showed that the optimum operating temperatures of the sensors are 300℃ and 220∼260℃ for WO₃-based and SnO₂-based thick films, and ZnO-based thick films, respectively. Since the resistance of ZnO-based thick films are extremely high($gt;l0^6Ω), the signal to noise ratio was comparatively low. In order to determine the selectivity, the films are exposed to the interfering gases such as ozone, ammonia, methane and the mixture of carbon monoxide and propane. WO₃-ZnO(3 wt.%) and SnO₂-WO₃(3 wt.%) thick film sensors show high sensitivity, good selectivity, excellent reproducibility and the linearity of NO₂ concentration versus sensor resistance. The preliminary results clearly demonstrated that the sensor can be successfully applied for the detection of NO₂ in sub-ppm range.
윤동현,권철한,홍형기,김승렬,이규정 ( Dong Hyun Yun,Chul Han Kwon,Hyung Ki Hong,Seung Ryeol Kim,Kyu Chung Lee ) 한국센서학회 1997 센서학회지 Vol.6 No.6
An ammonia gas sensor with high sensitivity using thick-film technology were fabricated and examined. The material for sensing the ammonia gas was the mixture of oxide semiconductor, FeO_x-WO₃-SnO₂. The sensor exhibits resistance increase upon exposure to low concentration of ammonia gas. The resistance of the sensor is decreased, on the other hand, for exposure to reducing gases such as ethyl alcohol, methane, propane and carbon monoxide. A novel method for detecting ammonia gas quite selectively utilizing a sensor array consisting of an ammonia gas sensor and a compensation element were proposed and developed. The compensation element is a Pt-doped WO₃-SnO₂ gas sensor which shows opposite direction of resistance change in comparison with that of the ammonia gas sensor upon exposure to ammonia gas. Excellent selectivity has been achieved using the sensor array having two sensing elements.
강석현(Seok Hyon Kang),홍형기(Hyung Ki Hong) 한국안광학회 2014 한국안광학회지 Vol.19 No.3
This is a comparative experimental study on the amount of phoria by the removal time of binocular fusion. In this study, three tests were used for phoria test like Howell test, Thorington test and developed 3D polarizing test. Methods: In this study, it was considered the removal time of binocular fusion for measuring phoria. The three methods were used for measuring quantity of phoria: Howell test, Thorington test and developed 3D Polarizing test. The measurements progressed quickly to avoid eye-strain. So we designed the test charts for marking 3D display modules and the apparatus inserted lenses, like Maddox lens and prism, which are compatible with three phoria tests. The phoria at the moment separation was measured when the binocular fusion was broken through the apparatus and the that at the stable separation was measured when activity of the separated two images like indicated box and figure on horizontal axis stopped. Results: There were statistically significant difference between quantity of phoria at moment separation and that at stable separation. Amount of phoria at moment separation was relatively larger than amount of that at stable separation. In result in exophoria, the quantity of phoria at moment separation was higher than that at stable separation, and in phoria measured by developed 3D polarizing test, it shows the similar results at two condition. Conclusions: For exophoria, the amount of phoria at moment separation of binocular fusion was relatively larger than that at stable separation. The amount of difference between phoria values at moment separation and that at stable separation was alike among three phoria tests. Usually in working, there is no distinction between moment separation and stable separation. But there were definitely the difference between two ways to separate binocular fusion. Therefore, it is need for writing on prescription test name for measuring phoria and condition of separation of binocular fusion.