Alcohol extract of Geum Chung Cho alleviates alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment in gerbils

Han-Sam Cho,Tae-Woon Kim,Sang-Seo Park,Mal-Soon Shin,Jae-Min Lee,Eun-Sang Ji,Chang-Ju Kim 한국운동재활학회 2015 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Chronic ethanol consumption leads to memory impairment and also induces brain damage. The hippocampus has been particularly regarded as a possible target organ of alcoholic intoxication, since this structure plays a prominent function in memory processes. Cordyceps has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune modulatory effects. Guem Chung Cho is an artificial cultivated Cordyceps, and was supplied from GCordy (Seoul, Korea). Ethanol extract of Cordycep (50 g) was made by rotary evaporate, and resulting powder 8.29 g was obtained (yield 17%). In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Geum Chung Cho on short-term memory, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of ethanol-treated gerbils. The gerbils were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 in each group): Control group, alcohol-treated group, alcohol-treated and 0.001 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, alcohol-treated and 0.01 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, and alcohol-treated and 0.1 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group. Gerbils in the alcohol-treated groups were orally administered ethanol (1 g/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Gerbils in the Guem Chung Cho-applied groups were orally administered Guem Chung Cho extract at each dosage 1 hour before ethanol consumption. Our results revealed that consumption of alcohol for 2 weeks deteriorated short-term memory, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB). However, Guem Chung Cho treatment alleviated alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment through enhancing cell proliferation and BDNF expression with inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampus. Guem Chung Cho showed maximum effects at 0.1 mg/kg. Based on these results, alcohol extract of Guem Chung Cho may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of chronic alcohol-inducted brain injury. This study was supported by GCordy company.

A Study of Henry's Self-Delusive Love In Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms

Cho, Sung-Sop 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 人文學論叢 Vol.3 No.-

헨리의 가족과 캐더린에 대한 태도에서 사회와 격리된 헨리의 정신적 태도를 엿볼 수 있다. 헨리는 처음엔 캐더린을 단지 욕정의 대상으로 생각할 뿐이다. 캐더린은 헨리에게 자기를 어떻게 생각하는지 사랑하고 있는지 묻는다. 사랑한다고 말하는 그의 태도에서 헨리의 정신적 생활의 불합리성을 찾을 수 있다. 헨리에게 삶은 도박과 같은 것으로 헨리는 언제나 캐더린의 곁을 떠날 수 있다. 캐더린은 헨리와의 관계를 명확히 규명함으로서 헨리에게 인간다운 삶이 무엇인지 암시하고 있다. 헨리는 전쟁에서 입은 상처에도 불구하고 전쟁을 심각하게 받아들이지 않는다. 헨리에 대한 초조감을 가지고 있던 신부는 헨리가 지니고 있던 여성관에 관한 환상을 깨뜨리고자 한다. 후에 헨리는 캐더린을 단순한 욕정의 대상에서 진정한 사랑의 대상으로 변하여간다. 헨리는 캐더린의 사랑을 통해 자신이 체험했던 일들을 이념적으로 체계화 할 가치를 가지게 된다. 헨리가 단순히 쾌락의 대상으로 삼았던 여성들과 캐더린은 근본적으로 커다란 차이점을 가진다. 헨리에게 있어 캐더린은 다른 여성과 달리 평화와 안식의 대상이다. 캐더린은 더 이상 헨리가 쾌락을 추구하는 여인이 아니라 그녀와 함께 함으로 헨리는 고독하지 않고 평온함을 느낀다. 친구로 여기던 신부는 헨리의 환상적인 생각을 깨뜨리고자 한다. 그러나 캐더린은 죽는다. 그녀의 죽음은 단지 인간의 숙명에 지나지 않으며 인간을 사랑함으로써 세상의 무의미함을 극복하려고 한 헨리의 시도였다. 그러나 그 시도는 '실패로 귀결되며, 헨리는 인간의 세계에서 피할 수 없는 죽음이라는 것을 깨달은 채 자신이 생각해왔던 환상적인 사랑의 끝을 맺는다.

셴커식 분석 이론에 의한 노래 부르기(가창) 영역 교수,학습 모형 설계 및 개발

조성기 ( Sung Ki Cho ) 한국음악학회 2009 한국음악학회논문집 음악연구 Vol.43 No.-

많은 연구 보고서들은 미래 사회에 필요한 중요한 핵심 역량으로서 창의성을 지적하고 있다. 음악과 교육과정에서도 음악적 능력을 기르고 창의성을 계발시키는 것을 음악교육의 일차적 목표로 삼고 있다. 이와 같이 창의성은 미래 사회를 대처하고 주도하기 위해 학습자들에게 계발시켜야 할 교육의 목적이 되고 있으며, 따라서 창의성을 계발시킬 수 있도록 하는 다양한 교수·학습 방법의 연구가 각 교과교육에서 이루어질 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 창의성과 음악적 능력을 기를 수 있도록 하는 음악과 교수·학습 방법을 모색하기 위해, 셴커식 분석 이론을 가창(노래 부르기) 교수·학습 방법에 적용하여 보았다. 먼저 셴커식 분석 이론의 고찰을 통하여 악곡의 근본선율과 구조적 계층, 연장(장식) 기법 등의 학습 요소들을 추출하였으며, 2007년 개정 음악과 교육과정의 가창(노래 부르기) 영역에 대한 분석을 통하여 `악보 보고 노래 부르기`와 `악곡의 특징을 살려 노래 부르기`의 활동 요소를 추출하였다. 이어서 교육학의 교육심리와 교육방법에서 제시하는 정보처리이론 및 Gagne의 이론과 모형, 음악교과의 가창중심 교수·학습 모형을 분석하여 학습자에게 학습이 일어나는 조건과 상황, 인지적 과정, 이론과 모형에서의 계열 단계 등 설계에 적용하기 위한 고려하여야 할 사항들을 추출하였다. 이러한 이론적 고찰에 의한 연구 내용을 기반으로 셴커식 분석 이론에 의한 가창(노래 부르기) 교수·학습 모형을 설계하였으며, 그 설계에 터 해서 모형을 개발하여 제시하고 설명하였다. 또한 모형의 적용 방안을 탐색하는 과정으로서 중학교의 가창 단원 하나를 선택하여 학교 현장의 단위 수업에 직접 적용할 수 있는, 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 셴커식 분석 이론에 의한 가창(노래 부르기) 교수·학습 모형이 적용된, 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하여 제시하였다. This study aims to incorporate Schenkerian Theory to teaching and learning of singing to develop a model that equips learners with creativity and a knowledge of music. Through extensive literature reviews, many factors that decide the success of music learning were identified and considered. The model in this study included content such as fundamental line, structural level, and prolongation suggested by Schenkerian Theory, as well as activities such as `read music and sing` and `sing different music` in the 2007 Revised Music Curriculum. In addition, the study reviewed Information Processing Theory in educational psychology and methodology, Gagne`s theories, and singing-focused teaching and learning models. Through the review, this study took into consideration many factors such as learning conditions, cognitive development, and system stages. Furthermore, in order to support music teachers to implement the teaching and learning model of singing based on Scehnkerian Theory, the study presented a lesson plan for a unit in a middle school music textbook.

3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

하악골에 발생된 Low grade 골육종:증례보고

조현이,정종철,김호성,최재욱,성대경,서지훈,김성범,이계혁 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.1

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor arising most often in the long bone, but rare in jaw bone. Especially osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible is a rare tumor, comprising less than 0.5% of all head and neck tumors. Osteosarcoma occurs cheifly in young persons, and presenting very survival rates. Histopathologically this tumor can be classified three types, osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic and classified from low grade to high grade by anaplasia or mitosis of the tumor cells. Sometimes, the exact diagnosis of osteosarcoma is difficult especially in low grade osteosarcoma, even if clinical or radiographical findings suggest to osteosarcoma. So suspcious to malignant bone tumor in clinical or radiological findings, biopsy should be taked from deep portion and multiple area, and sharing the patient history and radiographs with pathologist will assist in the development of the diagnosis. We report a case of low grade osteosarcoma on the mandible initially difficulty in accurate diagnosis. The patient visited our hospital for routine dental treatment but radiographic findings displayed ill-defined radiolucency with osteoid formation on the mandible. Final diagnosis was difficulty in initial biopsy but subsequent biopsy taked from deep portion presented infiltrative growth and mitosis of the tumor cell in some area with small osteoid bone formation, so we could reach final diagnosis as low grade sarcoma. We treated this patient with bloc resection of the mandible and immediate reconstruction with iliac corticocancellous block.

AHP를 이용한 CT 및 MRI의 비용편익분석

조근태,김성조,김성민,김용우,김성재,조용곤 한국경영과학회 2004 經營 科學 Vol.21 No.2

The imports of used medical equipment such as CT, MRI have been rapidly increased every year. How to manage those medical equipment has been one of critical issues in the government sector. In this study, we demonstrate how benefit/cost analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be applied to the comparison of used CT/MRI and new CT/MRI. The final results show that the new CT/MRI is more attractive than the used CT/MRI.

개에서 관찰된 모기질세포종의 증례보고

조성환,손화영,김혜성,최종윤,류시윤,박배근,윤원기,홍성혁,김덕환 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2002 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.10 No.-

Pilomatricoma was histopathologically diagnosed in a 2.5-year-old male Alaskan malamute. The patient was referred to Chungnam National University, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with solitary, firm and well-circumscribed mass at shoulder. Grossly, the mass was dome shaped to tumor like and 10 x 8 x 5㎝ in size. Some lesions had gritty or bony consistency and was chalky when sectioned Histopathologic feature included mumerous clusters of tightly arranged, basaloid cells with evenly distributed chromatin and ghost cells were characterized by a central unstained zone. The ghost cells often become calcified and osseous metaplasia was also present.

17세기 후반 趙聖期의 學問傾向과 經世論

조성산(Cho Sung-san) 고려사학회 2001 한국사학보 Vol.- No.10

측두골 골절 : 임상적 및 방사선학적 분석 Clinical and Radiological Analysis

조성원,최순관,조성진,김범태,신원한,윤일규,변박장 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

The objective of this study is to review of the incidence of temporal bone fractures and complications resulting from temporal bone fractures and to analyze the correlation between clinical and radiological findings. A series of 49 patients who were diagnosed temporal bone fracture with rhinorrhea, bloody otorrhea, admitted to Soonchunhyang University Chon-an Hospital from January 1997 to September 1999, were studied retrospectively. Clinical analyses were focused on age, sex, type of accident, external wound site, CSF leakage, hearing loss and facial nerve palsy. The high resolution CT scan consisted of a series of 3-mm thick sections through the temporal bone using the GE CT scanner (General Electric Inc.). In radiologic analyses, fracture types of temporal bone were divided into longtudinal fracture(LF), transverse fracture(TF) and mixed fracture(MF) respectively. The CT scans were examined for mastoid antral haziness(MH), middle ear cavity haziness(MeH), ossicular chain disruption(OD), otic capsule fracture(OF), pneumocephalus(Pn). The type of facial canal fracture was classified as fracture of internal auditory canal portion(FIAC), fracture of perigeniculate portion(FPG), fracture of tympanic portion(FT), fracture of mastoid portion(FM). The correlation between clinical and radiological findings was analysed. A total of 49 fractured temporal bones resulted in 9 CSF fistula, 23 hearing loss( 13 conductive type, 7 sensorineural type), 17 facial nerve injuries ranging from mild paresis to complete paralysis. The mose common etiology of the injury was from a motor vehicle accident(28%). The type of fracture observed on high resolution CT scanning was a LF in 39(78%) patients, a TF in 7(14%) patients and a MF in 3(6%) patients. The majority of fractures terminate in the floor of the middle cranial fossa in LF and passed lateral to the otic capsule in TF. Average time of onset of delayed facial palsy was 3.5 days. No patient developed prolonged otorrhea or meningitis during hospitalization and there was no requirement of surgical management. Hearing loss was the most common complication of temporal bone fracture(48%). Conductive hearing loss was associated with middle ear cavity haziness and ossiclular chain disruption. in temporal bone CT. A total of 29 cases facial canal fracture in temporal bone CT resulted in 14 perigeniculate portion(FPG), 12 tympanic portion(FT), 3 mastoid portion(FM). There was no correlation between radiological facial canal fracture and clinical facial nerve palsy. Four of 17 patients with facial nerve injury required facial nerve exploration under general anesthesia. We thought that prognosis and therapeutic planning in patients with temporal bone fractures were based on the clinical and radiological findings.