Furan과 Pyrrole의 Alkyl 유도체 합성

裵鮮建,柳珙植,徐惠蓮 群山大學校自然科學硏究所 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.5 No.-

New vinyl derivatives of furan and pyrrole, such as (E)-4-methyl-1-(2-pyrryl) penten-3-one(6d),(E)-1-(2-furyl)-3-(p-ethylphenyl)propen-e- one(6b'),(E)-1-(2-furyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)propen-3-one(6c'), (E)-1-(2-furyl)-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)propen-3-one(6d'),(E)-1-(2-furyl)-3-(m-nitrophenyl)-propen-one(6e') and (E)-1-(1-methyl-2-pyrryl)buten-3-one(12a) were prepared by the condensation of furfural and 1-methyl-2-formylpyrrole with the corresponding compounds having active methylene group. The reduction of compound(6d) with NaBH₄gave only (E)-4-methyl-1-(2-furyl) penten-3-ol(9d). In the application of the Huang-Minlon modification under the same condition, the reduction of vinylpyrrole deribatives gave 1-(1-methy1-2-pyrryl) butane(13a)and 1-(1-methyl-2-pyrryl)-3-phenylpropane(13a'), but vinylfuran derivatives were not reduced to the corresponding alkyl derivatives of furan because of their easy polymerization at low temperature.

Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry에 의한 Vinylpyrrole과 Pyrrole imine 유도체의 Electron Delocalizability에 미치는 치환체의 영향

裵鮮建,柳珙植,徐惠蓮 群山大學校自然科學硏究所 1989 自然科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Substituent effects on the electron delocalizability of derivatives of vinylpyrrole and pyrrole imine have been examined in MeOH solution by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The effects did not appear to be additive, but longer wavelength shift due to conjugation and electron withdrowing group. Specially, the significant difference in ?? for derivatives of pyrrole imine was seem to be caused by the conjugation effect and the position of the substituents.

랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

승모판대치술후 도플러 심초음피를 이용한 인공 판막의 종류에 따른 최대혈류속도와 평균혈류속도에 관한 연구

박선우,김권배,김윤년,김기식 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1988 계명의대학술지 Vol.7 No.2

The conventional non-invasive and invasive technique have limitations in evaluating cardiac prosthetic valves and artificial valves. We have used continuous wave Doppler echocardiography to evaluate 48 patients with tissue and mechanical mitral valves implanted within 4 months prior to examination. The results are as follows. 1) Of these patients, male are 28. The mean ages of male are 35.60 (yr) and female are 41.82. 2) The differences of peak and mean velocities of prosthetic acardiac valves between male and female are not significant, but the differences of valvular size between male and female are significant(male:31.00±1.30(mm), female:29.36±2.11, p<0.01). 3) The difference of size and flow velocities between mechanical (Edwards-Duromedics) and tissue(Ionescue-Shiley) valves are not significant, but the ages of patients with mechanical valves are significantly lower than tissue valves(mechanical valve; 34.05±11.28, tissue valve; 43.62±11.26, p<0.01). 4) The differences of flow velocities between mechanical and tissue valves, sizes of which are 31mm, are significant statistically (peak velocity; 130.15±24.59 vs 110.00±19.41, mean velocity; 74.49±23.14 vs 51.38±12.71, p<0.01). 5) The sizes of valves are larger, the peak and mean velocities are lower, but it is not significant statistically. The results indicated that Doppler echocardiography is a useful method for evaluating function of prosthetic valves.

백서 뇌에서 전기경련 충격에 의해 발현이 조절되는 새로운 유전자

정선주,박정은,강웅구,구영진,박주배,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구목적: 이 연구는 백서 뇌에서 전기경련 충격(Electroconvulsive shock, ECS)에 의해 발현이 조절되는 새로운 유전자를 검색하고, 발달단게 및 뇌 조직에 따른 발현양상을 관찰하기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법: 생후 7일, 21일된 어린 웅성 백서에 전기경련 충격을 가한 후 mRNS differential display-PCR(DD-PCR) 기법을 시행하여 발현의 차이를 나타내는 유전자를 검색한 후 서열분석을 실시하였다. 생후 7일 및 21일된 백서의 뇌와 성년 백서의 대뇌피질, 해마를 이용한 Northern blot 분석을 시행하여 검색된 유전자의 ECS 처치 후 시간경과에 따른 유전자 발현양상을 관찰하였다. 결과: ECS 처치군과 위충격군간에 발현의 차이를 나타낸 유전자 4개를 검색할 수 있었으며, 이중 ECS에 의해 발현이 증가되는 1개의 유전자를 선정하여 서열분석을 실시한 결과 EST 서열만이 보고된 새로운 유전자임이 밝혀졌다. 이 유전자는 생후 7일된 백서의 뇌에서는 ECS 처치 후 180분에 발현양의 증가가 최고치에 도달하였으나, 생후 21일된 백서의 뇌와 성년백서의 대뇌피질 및 해마에서는 360분 경과시까지 지속적으로 발현 양이 증가하였다. 결론: 이같은 결과는 ECS에 의해 생체 내에서 유전자 발현의 조절이 이루어짐을 시사하며, 향후 이러한 유전자의 세포 내 기능에 관한 연구를 시행함으로써, ECS에 의한 생체의 반응과 치료기전에 대한 이해를 넓힐 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 중심단어:전기경련 충격·DD-PCR·유전자·백서 뇌. Objectives: This study was performed to identify genes regulated by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and to observe the pattern of expression of genes according to different developmental stages and brain regions. Method: ECS(130V, 0.5 sec) was given to male Sprague-Dawley rats with age of postnatal day 7 and 21(P7, P21 respectively). After screening genes regulated by ECS with mRNA diffe-rential display-PCR(DD-PCR), we selected one clone among them and observed the induction of this gene after ECS by time-dependent Northern blot analysis of rat brain of P7, P21 and adult rat cortex and hippocampus. Results: By DD-PCR method, we have identified four clones whose expression was regulated by ECS. Among them, one(CP 10-2) was proved to be a new gene by sequencing and BLAST search. Its expression was increased after ECS in P7, P21, and adult rat brain. The expression of CP 10-2 reached peak level at 180 minutes after ECS in P7 rat brain, but was further increased until 360 minutes after ECS in P21 and adult rat brain. Conclusion: In this study, a new gene was identified in rat brain which showed up-regulated expression in response to ECS. Cloning and characterization of this new gene would be helpful to elucidate the effect of ECS in rat brain. KEY WORDS:Electroconvulsive shock·Differential display-PCR·Gene·Rat brain.

글리코 써머얼 법에 의한 나노 산화아연 분말 합성 및 특성

김정원,김선욱,김명호,배동식 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

ZnO nanoparticles were prepared under glycothermal condition by precipitation from metal nitrates with aqueou ammonium hydroxide. The nanoparticles were obtained at temperatures between 230 and 250℃. The microstructure and phase of the Synthesized particles were studied by SEM(FE-SEM) and XRD. The properties of the ZnO powder were studied as a function of various processing parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time and solute concentration. The average particle sizes of the ZnO increased with increasing reaction temperature. The average sizes of the systhesized ZnO nanoparticles which prepared at 230℃ for 4 h were about 20-30 nm.

백서 해마에서 카이닌산에 의한 조기유전자의 발현과 p42, p44 MAPK 및 EIK-1 인산화의 발달 단계에 따른 변화

정희연,김수진,김종흔,정선주,박주배,김용식,조수철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 어린 백서에게 카이닌산(kainic acid, KA)을 주사하여 발작을 일으킨 후, 해마에서 조기유전자 -c-fos, junB, 및 TIS1의 발현 유도 양상을 발달 단계별로 조사하여 전기경련충격(electroconvulsive shock, ECS)에서의 결과와 비교함으로써 백서 뇌 신호전달계의 성숙과정을 파악하고자 하였다. 그리고 KA 주사후 p42, p44 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)의 인산화 및 그에 의해 활성화되는 것으로 알려진 전사인자 Elk-1의 인산화를 관찰하여, KA 주사후 MAPK 신호절달계를 통한 c-fos의 발현로 알려진 전사인자 Elk-1의 인산화를 관찰하여, KA 주사후 MAPK 신호전달계를 통한 c-fos의 발현 경로를 발달 단계별로 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 생후 7, 14 21일 된 수컷 백서에서 KA를 복강내 주사한 후, 백서 해마에서 조기유전자의 발현 양상은 northern blot analysis로, p42, p44 MAPK와 Elk-1의 인산화는 immunoblotting으로 관찰하였다. 결 론 : 생후 7일된 백서의 해마에서는 ECS와는 달리, KA에 의한 세 가지 조기유전자의 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 생후 14일부터 이들 조기유전자의 뚜렷한 발현을 관찰할 수 있었고 생후 21일에는 성숙한 백서와 같은 수준의 발현 양상을 볼 수 있었다. 세 가지 유전자 모두 백서의 연령과 KA 주사 후 시간에 따른 발현 유도 양상은 비슷하였다. p42, p44 MAPK는 생후 7일부터 상당한 수준의 기저치 인산화가 관찰되었으나, KA에 의한 인산화 증가는 생후 14일부터 관찰되었다. Elk-1의 인상화 역시 생후 7일부터 높은 수준으로 관찰되었으나 KA 주사 후 시간에 따른 Elk-1 인산화의 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 결 론 : ECS와 KA가 조기유전자 발현 양상에 차이를 보이는 것은 이들 유전자의 발현과 관련되어 활성화되는 신호전달경로의 차이 때문으로 생각된다. 백서 해마에서 KA에 의한 MAPK 활성화에 관여하는 신호 전달 기구는 연령이 높아짐에 따라 점차 성숙하고, MAPK의 활성화로 전달된 신호는 Elk-1 이외의 다른 경로를 통해 c-fos 발현을 조절하는 것으로 추측된다. Objectives : In order to investigate the maturational process of intracellular signal transduction system in rat brain, we studied the induction of the immediate early genes(IEGs)-c-fos, iunB, and TIS1 in each developmental stage after kainic acid(KA)-induced seizure in young rat hippocampus and then compared these with the results after electroconvulsive shock(ECS) And to elucidate the induction mechanism of c-fos via mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) by KA in each developmental stage, we investigated the phosphorylation of p42, p44 MAPK and Elk-1 after KA treatment in young rat hippocampus. Methods : We examined the induction patterns of IEGs by northern blot analysis, and the phosphorylation of p42, p44 MAPK and Elk-1 by immunoblotting in rat hippocampus at post-natal day 7, 14, and 21(P7, P14 & P21), respectively after intraperitoneal injection of KA. Results : Unlike ECS, KA did not induce c-fos, junB, and TIS1 in P7 hippocampus. But these genes were apparently induced at P14 and to an adult level at P21. These three IEGs showed similar temporal patterns of induction in each developmental stage. Although the basal level of phosphorylated 42p, 44p MAPK was considerable in P7 rat hippocampus, the increase or phosphorylation after KA treatment was observed at P14. While the phosphorylation of Elk-1 was detected with high basal level in P7 rat, the amount of phosphorylated Elk-1 was not changed after KA treatment. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the differences in IEGs induction patterns between KA and ECS may be due to the differences in the activated signal transduction pathways. And our results also implicate that the signal transduction system involved in MAPK phosphorylation after KA treatment mature with aging and c-fos induction via MAPK activation may be regulated through some pathways other than Elk-1 in rat hippocampus.

Isoform-specific roles of Akt/PKB in adipocyte metabolism

Bae, Sun Sik 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2005 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.7

Major functions of adipocyte are to store energy(in the form of triacylglycerol) for use during period of caloric insufficiency. Considerable progress has been made during past few years in our understanding of insulin action on adipocyte metabolism. Here we showed that Akt/PKB, key regulatory enzyme in insulin action, plays pivotal roles in glucose homeostasis by using gene targeting strategy. Interestingly, Akt2/PKB was major responsible enzyme in regulation of glucose homeostasis among Akt1/PKB, Akt2/PKB, and Akt3/PKB. Furthermore, cells isolated from mice lacking Akt2/PKB showed less glucose uptake than that of wild type. Reduced glucose uptake was due to the defect of GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in Akt2/PKB null cells. Therefore, it seems like that Akt2/PKB regulates glucose uptake through the control of GLUT4 translocation. Insulin blocks lipolysis induced by adrenergic receptor agonist. Here we also showed that Akt2/PKB controls lipolysis through the regulation of perilipin phosphorylation. Finally, fat depot size in Akt2/PKB null mice was significantly reduced. These results demonstrate that Akt2/PKB regulates adipocyte metabolim.

POSTERS / PM-036 : REGULATION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE C-γ 1 BY P13 KINASE - DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION

(Sun Sik Bae),(Jang Hyun Choi),(Jong Ik Hwang),(Sang Sun Kang),(Sung Ho Ryu),(Pann Ghill Suh) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 1999 6th IUBMB SEOUL CONFERENCE Vol.- No.-

Proteolytic cleavage of phospholipase C-γ1 during apoptosis

Bae, Sun Sik,Ryu, Sung Ho,Suh, Pann-Ghill 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 1999 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.1

Apoptosis is a cell suicide mechanism that requires the activation of cellular death proteases for the execution of cell death. We examined if the progress of apoptosis involves cleavage of phospholiapase C(PLC)-γ1 that plays a pivotal role in mitogenic signaling pathway. PLC-γ1 was fragmented in Molt-4 cells, T-cell leukemia cell, when treated with etoposide which induces apoptosis of the cells. Other apoptotic stimuli such as ceramides and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) also induced cleavage of PLC-γ1. Pretreatment of Molt-4 cells with a PLC inhibitor such as U-73122 or ET-18-OCH3, potentiated etoposide-induced apoptosis. Cleavage of PLC-γ1 was blocked by overexpression of Bcl-2 and by specific inhibitors of caspases such as Z-DEVD-CH2F and YVAD-cmk. Purified caspase-3 and caspase-7, group Ⅱ caspases, cleaved PLC-γ1 in vitro and generated a cleavage product that has the same size as that observed in vivo, suggesting that PLC-γ1 is cleaved by group Ⅱ caspases in vivo. From point mutagenesis studies, Ala-Glu-Pro-Asp770 was identified to be a cleavage site within PLC-γ1. Epidermal growth factor receptor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-γ1 resulted in resistance to cleavage by caspase-3 in vitro. In addition, tyrosine-phosphorylated PLC-γ1 was not significantly cleaved during etoposide-induced apoptosis in Molt-4 cells. This suggests that the growth factor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation may suppress apoptosis-induced fragmentation of PLC-γ1. Taken together, we provide evidences for the biochemical relationship between PLC-γ1-mediated signal pathway and apoptotic signal pathway